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Biomedical subjects

J Moran

Publications and source records attributed to J Moran.

213 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of an herbal toothpaste with a fluoride toothpaste on plaque and gingivitis.

An herbal/bicarbonate toothpaste has received some attention from the public and profession following a number of studies which have reported beneficial effects of the paste on both plaque and gingivitis. The present study, one of several ongoing clinical trials, evaluated the toothpaste in mouthrinse form using a 19-day, no oral hygiene, triple-crossover design in which it was compared with a commercial fluoride toothpaste rinse and the antiplaque mouthrinse chlorhexidine. Over the three periods of the study an increase in plaque and gingivitis was seen for all three products. However, while significant reductions in both parameters were seen with chlorhexidine compared to the toothpastes, there were no significant differences between the herbal and fluoride toothpaste. From these findings it can be concluded that in the long term, the herbal/bicarbonate toothpaste may not exert significant therapeutic effects on plaque and gingivitis beyond that of a conventional commercial paste. Nevertheless, where there is a demand for a natural product, the herbal/bicarbonate paste may be a worthwhile alternative.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of 0.12% and 0.1% chlorhexidine mouthrinses on the development of plaque and gingivitis.

A number of commercially prepared chlorhexidine mouthrinses which are now available are formulated at concentrations lower than the more usual 0.2%. This study compared 0.12% and 0.1% chlorhexidine mouthrinses for effects on plaque regrowth and gingivitis, using a two 19-day period single-operator blind-crossover study design on 14 healthy human volunteers. The 0.12% rinse was a commercial product previously shown as effective as a 0.2% rinse. The 0.1% rinse was a reformulated version of a 0.1% preparation commercially available at the time of this study. Plaque reformation was recorded on days 12 and 19 by score and area. Gingivitis was recorded at day 1, 12 and 19 by measuring gingival crevicular fluid, gingival index and bleeding on probing. The mouthrinses were used twice a day and as recommended by the manufacturer. Mean scores for plaque and gingivitis were mostly lower with the 0.12% rinse but only reached significance for plaque score on days 12 and 19 and for plaque area on day 19. Reformulation of the 0.1% would appear to have markedly improved the antiplaque properties to levels similar to a known effective commercially available 0.12% rinse.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of a phenolic and a 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash on the development of plaque and gingivitis.

Chlorhexidine and phenolic mouthrinses have attracted considerable interest as adjuncts to oral hygiene. The aim of this study was to compare two well known proprietary mouthrinse products for their effects on plaque regrowth, the development of gingivitis and the formation of toothstaining. The study was a single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, triple cross-over experimental, gingivitis design. A group of 15 volunteers with a very high standard of oral hygiene and gingival health used each rinse for 19 days in the absence of normal toothcleaning. Each period was separated by a 21 day washout. Plaque scores were significantly different between the rinses, being lowest with chlorhexidine and highest with saline. The plaque area increased 3-fold with the phenolic rinse and 6-fold with the saline rinse compared to the chlorhexidine rinse. Similarly, gingivitis increments were lowest with chlorhexidine and highest with saline but differences between rinses did not reach significance. Staining was significantly different between rinses, primarily due to minimal staining associated with the saline rinse. Staining occurred with both the chlorhexidine and phenolic mouthrinses. It is concluded that the 0.2% chlorhexidine rinse offers greater oral hygiene benefits than the phenolic rinse. The question of indications and durations of use of mouthwash products should be addressed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment of junctional rhythm after heart transplantation with terbutaline.

Atrial and junctional arrhythmias may occur after heart transplantation. Often these arrhythmias require intravenous beta-agonists or atrial pacing to improve posttransplant hemodynamic values. We describe a heart transplant patient with a hemodynamically significant junctional rhythm who responded to oral terbutaline with conversion to sinus rhythm.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Liquid chromatographic determination of narasin in feed premixes.

A liquid chromatographic (LC) method has been developed to determine narasin in feed premixes. Narasin is extracted from the premix with a methanol-water solvent, and the extracted solution is assayed by using LC. Recovery of narasin from a 12.5 g/lb premix is quantitative (100%), with a relative standard deviation of 1.44%. The results correlated well (coefficient 0.92) with a turbimetric bioassay method.

Animal Feed↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Holistic approach to the management of erectile disorders in a male sexual health clinic.

A holistic view is given of the management of erectile disorders in a male sexual health clinic. Responsibility for the choice of treatment programme is shared with the patient, who makes informed consent. Involvement of the patient's partner is encouraged throughout. The increasing importance of good management for erectile dysfunction is indicated by the prevalence of the condition and the fact that, with a growing proportion of the population over the age of 65, it is age-related.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Supplementation with L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, a cysteine precursor, does not protect against lipid peroxidation in puromycin aminonucleoside-induced nephropathy.

Lipid peroxidation in the kidney has been shown to precede proteinuria in puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN)-induced nephropathy. The aim of this study was to determine if L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (procysteine) would protect rats against PAN-induced nephrotoxicity. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with procysteine (16 mg/100 g body weight i.p.) 24 h and 30 min prior to receiving a single injection of PAN (15 mg/100 g body weight i.v.) followed by procysteine in the drinking water (4 g/l). Control rats received procysteine alone (intraperitoneally and in drinking water) or PAN alone and then plain water. Proteinuria was not significantly different between PAN/ procysteine and PAN groups, reaching a maximum at day 14 and persisting at day 28. Lipid peroxidation was more severe in PAN/procysteine rats reaching a maximum at day 3 (253 +/- 30 ng/mg protein) compared to day 5 in PAN rats (196 +/- 20 ng/mg protein). Procysteine alone did not modulate proteinuria over 28 days or lipid peroxidation over 7 days. GSH levels over 7 days were not elevated by procysteine and were virtually zero in PAN and PAN/procysteine rats. Focal glomerulosclerosis (FGS) was worse at day 28 in PAN/procysteine rats than in PAN rats (39 +/- 8.2 vs. 23 +/- 4.5%; p < 0.05). This study shows that procysteine as a potential source of reducing equivalents does not protect against renal lipid peroxidation and FGS in this model. On the contrary, PAN/procysteine rats developed significantly more FGS through yet unknown mechanisms.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Recommended clinical practices for maximizing peritoneal dialysis clearances.

Data from the Canada-U.S.A. (CANUSA) Study have recently confirmed a long-suspected linkage between total clearance and patient survival in peritoneal dialysis (PD). Recognizing that what we have historically accepted as adequate PD simply is not, the Ad Hoc Committee on Peritoneal Dialysis Adequacy met in January, 1996. This committee of invited experts was convened by Baxter Healthcare Corporation to prepare a consensus statement that provides clinical recommendations for achieving clearance guidelines for peritoneal dialysis. Through an analysis of 806 PD patients, the group concluded that adequate clearance delivered with PD can be achieved in almost all patients if the prescription is individualized according to the patient's body surface area, amount of residual renal function, and peritoneal membrane transport characteristics. Use of 2.5 L to 3.0 L fill volumes, the addition of an extra exchange, and giving automated peritoneal dialysis patients a "wet" day are all options to consider when increasing weekly creatinine clearance and KT/V. Rather than specify a single clearance or KT/V target, the recommended clinical practice is to provide the most dialysis that can be delivered to the individual patient, within the constraints of social and clinical circumstances, quality of life, life-style, and cost. The challenge to PD practitioners is to make prescription management an integral part of everyday patient management. This includes assessment of peritoneal membrane permeability, measurement of dialysis and residual renal clearance, and adjustment of the dialysis prescription when indicated.

Body Surface Area↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Solute clearance approach to adequacy of peritoneal dialysis.

To investigate the effect of dialysis prescription on patient outcome for peritoneal dialysis patients, the relationship between total solute clearance and the relative risk of death has been investigated. Preliminary studies have suggested that more clearance is better and that patient outcome is predicted by total solute clearance. The recently published Canada-U.S.A. (CANUSA) multicenter study, evaluating adequacy of dialysis and nutrition in peritoneal dialysis patients, has further defined this relationship. Although these publications allow us to establish guidelines for the treatment of peritoneal dialysis patients, they also define the limitation of our knowledge and raise new questions. In this article we review our current knowledge regarding the predicted value of total solute clearance with patient outcome and nutritional status. Furthermore, we attempt to outline a practical approach for optimizing total solute clearance in peritoneal dialysis patients. Based on a review of the published literature and clinical recommendations, we feel that the minimal target total solute clearance for continuous forms of peritoneal dialysis is a weekly total KT/V > 2.0 and/or a weekly total creatinine clearance > 60 L/week/1.73 m2. For intermittent therapies, a weekly total KT/V > 2.2 and/or a weekly total creatinine clearance > 70 L/week/1.73 m2 is recommended.

Canada↗