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Biomedical subjects

J Moran

Publications and source records attributed to J Moran.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

The formation of stain on acrylic surfaces by the interaction of cationic antiseptic mouthwashes and tea.

Clinical and in vitro studies have implicated dietary components as major aetiological factors in staining of teeth and acrylic materials associated with chlorhexidine use, a local side effect not unique to this antiseptic. These experiments studied the precipitation and surface staining reactions of the cationic antiseptics alexidine, cetyl pyridinium chloride (CPC), chlorhexidine, and hexetidine, with the beverage tea. All of the antiseptics precipitated a standard tea solution and for alexidine and chlorhexidine acetate and gluconate, this was at concentrations greater than 100 mumol/L, for hexetidine greater than 200 mumol/L, and for CPC greater than 400 mumol/L. With the exception of CPC precipitation was reduced with decreasing pH and for chlorhexidine was inhibited below pH 3. The addition of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) to the antiseptic solutions increased the precipitation concentrations by an amount calculated to be adsorbed by polymer. Acrylic blocks treated with equimolar solutions of the antiseptics became progressively and significantly more stained by tea than control specimens over a 5-day period. Alexidine induced significantly greater staining and hexetidine significantly less than the other antiseptics. Staining was pH dependent and significantly reduced as the pH decreased. Both stain and precipitates were insoluble in strong acids and alkalis. It is concluded that staining observed clinically may represent a precipitation reaction with the complexing of antiseptics with dietary chromogenic material.

Acrylates↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: imaging of complications and normal postoperative CT appearance.

Six patients underwent imaging studies to evaluate complications related to laparoscopic cholecystectomy. In addition, computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen and pelvis was performed on six patients 3-5 days after uncomplicated laparoscopic cholecystectomy in order to further clarify the normal postoperative CT appearance in these patients. Complications included ureteral laceration with periureteric hematoma and ureteroperitoneal fistula, hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm, hepatic laceration, retained common bile duct stone, bile leak, and biloma of the abdominal wall. At 3-5 days following uncomplicated laparoscopic cholecystectomy, typical CT findings include fluid density in the gallbladder fossa, a very small amount of pelvic fluid, and small densities within the subcutaneous fat at the expected sites of trocar insertion.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Macroglossia and carpal tunnel syndrome associated with multiple myeloma: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Macroglossia is an unusual symptom in primary care. It may be an indicator of an underlying plasma cell dyscrasia or multiple myeloma in the elderly. AIM: To describe such a case of multiple myeloma. RESULTS: A 69-year-old man,with a recent history of bilateral carpal tunnel repair, presented to his GP with progressive macroglossia. This was eventually diagnosed as being due to amyloidosis, secondary to multiple myeloma. CONCLUSION: Physicians should be aware of the association between macroglossia, carpal tunnel syndrome and multiple myeloma in this age group.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Program monitoring for clinical practice. Specimen positivity across urine collection methods.

Urinalysis is a primary component of methadone programming. A clinic-based study was conducted to determine whether unsupervised urine collection is as reliable as other methods for detecting unauthorized drug use among methadone treatment clients. Drug positivity rates compared over a 30-week period revealed no significant differences as a function of collection method. Results confirm the efficacy of unsupervised urine collection using a heat sensitive strip or temperature indicator. Study findings also offer evidence to support clinical practice designed to ensure client privacy and dignity while maintaining standards for effective program monitoring.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A role for the corpus callosum in visual area V4 of the macaque.

The classically defined receptive fields of V4 cells are confined almost entirely to the contralateral visual field. However, these receptive fields are often surrounded by large, silent suppressive regions, and stimulating the surrounds can cause a complete suppression of response to a simultaneously presented stimulus within the receptive field. We investigated whether the suppressive surrounds might extend across the midline into the ipsilateral visual field and, if so, whether the surrounds were dependent on the corpus callosum, which has a widespread distribution in V4. We found that the surrounds of more than half of the cells tested in the central visual field representation of V4 crossed into the ipsilateral visual field, with some extending up to at least 16 deg from the vertical meridian. Much of this suppression from the ipsilateral field was mediated by the corpus callosum, as section of the callosum dramatically reduced both the strength and extent of the surrounds. There remained, however, some residual suppression that was not further reduced by addition of an anterior commissure lesion. Because the residual ipsilateral suppression was similar in magnitude and extent to that found following section of the optic tract contralateral to the V4 recording, we concluded that it was retinal in origin. Using the same techniques employed in V4, we also mapped the ipsilateral extent of surrounds in the foveal representation of V1 in an intact monkey. Results were very similar to those in V4 following commissural or contralateral tract sections. The findings suggest that V4 is a central site for long-range interactions both within and across the two visual hemifields. Taken with previous work, the results are consistent with the notion that the large suppressive surrounds of V4 neurons contribute to the neural mechanisms of color constancy and figure-ground separation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hemoglobin and hematocrit values after saline infusion and tourniquet.

This study attempted to contribute to standardization of blood testing in sport, and to investigate the effect of artificial dilution with saline. In 10 healthy, physically active males and 3 healthy physically active females hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Ht), and % reticulocytes (%retics) were measured at different time points to look for possible fluctuations during day time, while the subjects had regular coffee breaks and lunch. In 7 of the subjects in a separate experiment 500 ml of saline were infused around 8 am and Hb, Ht, and %retics were measured before and every hour thereafter until 7 hours after infusion. In addition Ht was measured on a hematological analyzer as well as with a centrifuge. In a separate experiment the effect of tourniquet duration on Hb and Ht was studied in 9 of the subjects. The results show that Hb, Ht, and %retics are stable from 8 am to 4 pm, but that infusion of 500 ml of saline induces an acute decrease in Hb and Ht within one hour (Hb decreased from 15.2+/-0.9 g/dl to 14.5+/-1.0 g/dl, and Ht from 45.6+/-2.8 % to 44.0+/-2.5 %). The decline in Hb and Ht was maintained during the 7-hour observation period. Ht values of the same samples measured with a hematological analyzer and a centrifuge were not different. Application of the tourniquet did significantly affect Hb and Ht values only from two minutes, and thereafter Hb and Ht remained stable during the rest of the 5-minute tourniquet. With blood testing in sport these results have to be taken into consideration.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Transperitoneal absorption of intralipid in rats: total serum fatty acids and triglyceride after absorption.

Intralipid 20% was injected percutaneously into the peritoneum of 58 female rats. The rats were divided into seven groups (with an additional control group of 35 rats). To measure transperitoneal absorption, we determined the serum fatty acid and triglyceride concentrations at 3-hr intervals for 24 hr, and found a considerable increase in all of the levels measured, with a maximum at about 6 hr. The serum triglyceride levels never rose above a mean value of 200 mg/100 ml. A second and smaller rise was seen after 15 hr, declining again to the initial values. The relative proportions of the different fatty acids changed, but not drastically.

Absorption↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Plasma water filtration and lymphatic uptake during peritoneal dialysis.

To clarify further the extent, pathways, and significance of convective transport during peritoneal dialysis, acute transport studies were conducted in which five continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients underwent 6 hr dialyses (2 L infusate with 2.25% dextrose) on 2 successive days, with multiple sampling of both blood and peritoneal dialysate. Concentrations of permeants (urea, creatinine, uric acid, beta 2 microglobulin, and apolipoprotein A) and a radiolabeled marker (125I-polyvinyl pyrollidone [PVP]) were determined at 20-30 min intervals in dialysate and every 90 min in plasma. Intraperitoneal volumes and lymphatic flows were calculated from rates of dilution and disappearance of 125I-PVP. Intratreatment lymphatic flow rate averaged 76 +/- 15 ml/hr. Although lower than observed in small animal models and reported by some clinical groups, this level of lymphatic drainage was still sufficient to decrease net patient weight loss by approximately 50% and to resorb approximately 15% of metabolites in the peritoneal cavity, independent of molecular weight. Transcapillary ultrafiltration ranged from 7.4 +/- 1.5 ml/min at 10 min into the exchange to 1.3 +/- 1.5 ml/min at 345 min. Reverse ultrafiltration, from the peritoneal cavity back through capillary vasculature to the patient, was not observed in any patient in this study.

Ascitic Fluid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nutritional evaluation and dietetic care in cancer patients treated with radiotherapy: prospective study.

Ninety-three cancer patients about to undergo radiotherapy were studied. These patients were affected by cancer of the head and neck, breast cancer, and abdominopelvic cancer. They were randomly distributed into control and experimental groups. The patients from the control group were allowed to eat ad libitum, whereas those from the experimental group followed a strict nutritional protocol that covered their needs while satisfying their particular tastes and habits. Data were collected the day before radiotherapy commenced and the day treatment ended. Anthropometric, analytical, and clinical parameters were determined. The results showed the benefit of dietetic treatment in experimental patients with head and neck or abdominopelvic cancer.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Taurolin as an oral rinse. I. Antimicrobial effects in vitro and in vivo.

Taurolin, a synthetic antimicrobial agent, has been suggested to be of potential value as an inhibitor of dental plaque. Although data on the antibacterial activity of Taurolin are available there is a dearth of information for effects on oral bacterial isolates and antibacterial activity in the mouth. This study assessed the in vivo and in vitro antibacterial properties of a Taurolin rinse by a) determining the MID values against seven oral isolates and b) measuring salivary bacterial counts following a single rinse. By comparing activity with chlorhexidine, it was hoped to determine substantivity and predict the relative ability of Taurolin to inhibit plaque through an antimicrobial effect. For Taurolin, MID values against the test organisms were found to range between 1:20 and 1:80, while for chlorhexidine, values between 1:320 to 1:640 were obtained. The effects on salivary bacterial counts revealed that Taurolin significantly reduced salivary bacterial counts compared to saline up to 5 hours post rinsing, but was significantly less effective than chlorhexidine after 30 minutes and up to 7 hours. Results indicate that Taurolin has some persistence of antimicrobial activity in the mouth. This suggests that Taurolin would possess some plaque inhibitory properties albeit less than chlorhexidine. These conclusions were confirmed in a subsequent investigation.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Taurolin as an oral rinse. II. Effects on in vitro and in vivo plaque regrowth.

A Taurolin solution has been shown previously to possess antibacterial activity, not only by a bactericidal effect but also by reducing bacterial surface adherence. Such mechanisms may contribute to reduction in dental plaque in the mouth, however this remains to be determined. The present study assessed whether a Taurolin rinse could firstly effect bacterial surface growth and, secondly, whether the same rinse could reduce plaque regrowth over a 4-day period. The findings showed that the Taurolin reduced in vitro bacterial surface growth and in vivo plaque regrowth compared to saline, but was not as effective as a chlorhexidine rinse. The findings suggest Taurolin would probably have a moderate effect on plaque and gingivitis in longer-term use.

Analysis of Variance↗