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Biomedical subjects

J Moore

Publications and source records attributed to J Moore.

At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Circumcision: II. Effects upon mother-infant interaction.

The effects of circumcision upon mother-infant interaction were examined in an observational study of 59 mother-infant pairs during hospital feedings on days 2 and 3 of life. Each pair was observed during 4 hospital feedings using a specifically designed mother-infant interaction observation system that examined 43 discreet behaviours relating to feeding, gaze, facial expression, vocalizations and touch. The experimental group was circumcised after the second feeding and the control group after the fourth feeding. Analysis revealed no major behavioral differences between the experimental and control groups. Yet, different trends between the two groups were observed regarding two variables shortly after surgery. These differences disappeared by 24 h post-operatively. Differences related to the frequency of feeding intervals and infant availability scores. The study also revealed a surprisingly limited repertoire of behavior exhibited by both the mother and infant during feeding sessions. Our data suggest that circumcision has brief and transitory effects on mother-infant interactions observed during hospital feeding sessions, the only time mothers who are not rooming-in have an opportunity to be with their infants.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Cimetidine as an oral antacid before elective Caesarean section.

The H2-receptor antagonist cimetidine was used as a pre-operative antacid in 64 women scheduled for elective Caesarean section. All were given cimetidine 400 mg 90-215 minutes before induction, with 20 of them having an extra 400 mg dose the previous night. The intragastric pH at induction of anaesthesia was reliably above 2.5 if the treatment was given 90-150 minutes beforehand. The volume of gastric contents was reduced when compared with a control series of women receiving either no pre-operative antacid or 30 ml magnesium trisilicate mixture BPC. No adverse effects on mothers or infants were detected.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

A field trial of cimetidine as the sole oral antacid in obstetric anaesthesia.

Cimetidine was used as the routine antacid treatment for 1323 parturients. The findings from 70 of those who needed an emergency general anaesthetic are reported. Once sufficient time had elapsed for absorption of the drug, and provided that the dosage regime was adhered to, 96% of the women studied had an intragastric pH above 2.5. Neonatal monitoring revealed no abnormalities related to the cimetidine treatment.

Anesthesia, Obstetrical↗
PubMed1982

Recovery from intravenous anaesthesia. Comparison of disoprofol with thiopentone and methohexitone.

Using the endpoints of spontaneous opening of eyes, giving date of birth, sitting up unaided and normal pegboard time, recovery from 2 and 3 mg/kg disoprofol was compared with that from 4 and 6 mg/kg thiopentone and 1.5 mg/kg methohexitone in groups each of 10 unpremedicated patients. The study method differentiated between recovery from the two doses of disoprofol and thiopentone at the first two endpoints only. A between-drug comparison showed early recovery was slightly faster with thiopentone than with equivalent doses of the new drug while no differences were detected between the recovery from equivalent doses of methohexitone and thiopentone. The differences found in this study are felt to be of no clinical significance and recovery from anaesthesia with disoprofol would not be expected to be any slower than that from equivalent doses of thiopentone.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Lorazepam premedication for labour.

Fifty primigravidae were given either lorazepam (2 mg) or identical dummy tablets in early labour, in a randomized double-blind fashion. Analgesia (standardized at pethidine 100 mg) was given as required, and pain relief was assessed by visual analogue scale. Analgesia was significantly better in those mothers who had received lorazepam. There was a higher incidence of respiratory depression at birth in the infants in this group, although this was not statistically significant. Patients given lorazepam were all satisfied with their analgesic regimen compared with half of those given an inactive tablet. There was a higher incidence of amnesia for labour in the active group. There is a need for a similar study of the effects of other drugs which are given to supplement pethidine in labour.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Choice and multiple reinforcers.

Pigeons chose between equivalent two-component mixed and multiple terminal-link schedules of reinforcement in the concurrent-chains procedure. The pigeons preferred the multiple schedule over the mixed when the components of the compound schedules were differentiated in terms of density of reinforcement, but the pigeons were indifferent when the components were differentiated in terms of number of reinforcers per cycle. Taken together, these results indicate that a local variable, the interval to the first reinforcer, but not a molar variable, the number of reinforcers, was sufficient to differentiate the components and thereby evoke preference.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1982

Choice and segmented interreinforcement intervals.

Pigeons were trained on a two-key concurrent schedule, where food reinforcers on one key were arranged by a simple variable-interval schedule and on the other key by a chain variable-interval variable-interval schedule. When the initial link of the chain was in effect, the pigeons tended to respond more on the simple variable-interval schedule, and hence less on the chain, than would be expected from a comparison of both the local and overall rates of reinforcement of the two schedules. When the terminal link of the chain was in effect, the pigeons responded more on the chain than would be expected from a comparison of the rates of reinforcement of the schedules then in effect. Overall responding on the chain was not proportional to overall reinforcement on the chain but rather was a by-product of responding during initial- and terminal-link phases.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1981

Peroperative frozen section and cytology to assess proximal invasion in gastro-oesophageal carcinoma.

Peroperative frozen sections and cytological material have been obtained in 39 consecutive gastro-oesophageal resections between October 1978 and February 1980. Material from the proximal edge of the resected specimen was unreliable because of 3 false positive cytology results and 1 false positive frozen section report. Frozen section (no errors) was shown to be significantly more accurate than cytology (6 errors) when material was obtained from the distal oesophagus. Fatal anastomotic dehiscence occurred in only 1 of 30 resections when the excision was adequate. Where the results of frozen section were acted upon, in 5 of 9 patients with an inadequate excision, only 1 fatal dehiscence occurred compared with fatal dehiscence in all 4 patients where a second excision was not performed. These results indicate that frozen section of the distal oesophagus should be used to determine the extent of oesophageal resection in operations for gastro-oesophageal cancer.

Esophageal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1981

Use of di-isopropyl phenol as main agent for short procedures.

The use of di-isopropyl phenol (Diprivan) for induction of anaesthesia was assessed in doses ranging from 1 to 3 mg kg-1. With less than 1.75mg kg-1 not all patients were anaesthetized; 2.0 mg kg-1 appeared to be a satisfactory induction dose. Involuntary muscle movement, cough and hiccup at induction were rare with any dose studied. However, the frequency of hypotension and respiratory depression were related to the dose given. Pain on injection was uncommon when the drug was given into an antecubital vein, but occurred in 39% of patients when injected to the back of the hand or wrist. Recovery was rapid, and characterized by lack of emetic sequelae. Di-isopropyl phenol 1.5 - 2.0 mg kg-1 given rapidly during reactive hyperaemia can produce anaesthesia in one arm-brain circulation time. A reaction involving flush, hypotension, cough, laryngospasm and bronchospasm occurred in one patient receiving 2.5 mg kg-1 given over 20 s.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The assessment and remediation of dysfunctional stress in medical school.

This paper describes an ecosystem approach to the management of dysfunctional stress in a medical education setting. An assessment of the student-perceived environment was conducted in three phases: (a) brainstorming to identify potential sources of stress; (b) design and use of the Medical School Environmental Stress Inventory (MSESI) to measure student-reported stress; and (c) follow-up interviews to validate these findings and to identify specific factors contributing to the stressful situations, consequences resulting from the stress, coping strategies used, potential solutions to the stressful situations, and aspects of the environment perceived as supportive. Students described the major stressors as information-input overload, short-age of time, inadequate feedback regarding performance, and poor quality of interpersonal relationships. The authors, committed to an action-research model, used the results to design appropriate interventions.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Liver enzyme studies with continuous intravenous anaesthesia.

A battery of liver function tests was carried out before operation and on the 3rd--5th and 13th--15th postoperative days in patients anaesthetised with continuous infusion of thiopentone, Althesin or etomidate for an intermediate operation. Some derangement of enzyme activity was found in one quarter to one third of the patients, and was most marked after Althesin. The findings are compared with published data on ketamine, which had an effect on enzyme activities similar to that of Althesin. On pooling data from different studies it became very apparent that large doses of intravenous anaesthetics cause a greater derangement of liver function than that which occurs using a balanced technique for the same operation.

Adult↗