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Biomedical subjects

J Moore

Publications and source records attributed to J Moore.

At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Rheumatoid arthritis and membranous glomerulonephritis: a role for immune complex dissociative techniques.

Although controversial, several reports have linked rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN). In none of these studies was an infectious etiology such as hepatitis B virus (HBV) thoroughly pursued. We evaluated a patient with classic RA and MGN unassociated with nephrotoxic drugs. Although negative by routine serological methods, hepatitis B surface antigen was eventually demonstrated in the serum, using immune complex dissociative techniques, and in the renal glomeruli, using tissue immunofluorescence. A review of the literature provides no conclusive evidence for a causal relationship of RA to MGN. The renal pathogenic potential of HBV, however, is well documented. Future use of immune complex dissociative techniques and tissue immunofluorescence may be of value in clarifying otherwise unexplained MGN in the setting of RA.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The place of fine needle aspiration cytology for the intraoperative diagnosis of pancreatic malignancy.

We report a 91% accuracy with fine needle aspiration cytology in 46 patients found to have a mass in the pancreas at laparotomy. Results were compared with conventional biopsy at operation which was accurate in only 56% of an earlier group of 48 patients with a localised mass compared with 97% in 33 patients with disseminated malignancy. Although we strongly advise a through attempt to establish a histological or cytological diagnosis before operation, there are many occasions when a surgeon is faced with an undiagnosed mass in the pancreas at laparotomy. Under these circumstances fine needle aspiration cytology of the pancreas should be advised in units with an experienced cytology service.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1984

Hemoperitoneum during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: a possible complication of radiation induced peritoneal injury.

Hemoperitoneum requiring surgical exploration developed in association with an indwelling chronic peritoneal dialysis catheter. Major intra-abdominal hemorrhage in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) has not been previously reported. Radiation therapy for carcinoma of the bladder and subsequent radiation induced peritoneal injury appears to have predisposed this patient to develop catheter-related trauma and hemorrhage. Antecedent radiation therapy with its possible deleterious effects on the peritoneal membrane may subject potential CAPD patients to unique risks and should be considered in the decision to choose CAPD as a form of treatment for end stage renal disease.

Hemoperitoneum↗
PubMed1983

Formation of antigen specific foci as a complement independent assay for individual antibody-secreting cells.

Antibody-forming cells (AFC) could be demonstrated by the binding of antigen to secreted antibody localized around the AFC. Using sheep red blood cells (SRBC) as antigen, this antigen binding was detected as foci of erythrocytes surrounding individual lymphocytes. Focus formation was antigen specific and involved the active secretion of antibody. AFC specific for antigens resistant to lysis, such as human red blood cells were also demonstrable with this assay. The focus assay provides a complement independent method for enumerating antibody-forming cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Effects of dietary cadmium on mallard ducklings.

Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) ducklings were fed cadmium in the diet at 0, 5, 10, or 20 ppm from 1 day of age until 12 weeks of age. At 4-week intervals six males and six females from each dietary group were randomly selected, bled by jugular venipuncture, and necropsied. Significant decreases in packed cell volume (PCV) and hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and a significant increase in serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) were found at 8 weeks of age in ducklings fed 20 ppm cadmium. Mild to severe kidney lesions were evident in ducklings fed 20 ppm cadmium for 12 weeks. No other blood chemistry measurement, hematological parameter, or tissue histopathological measurement indicated a reaction to cadmium ingestion. Body weight, liver weight, and the ratio of the femur weight to length were not affected by dietary cadmium. Femur cadmium concentration in all ducklings 12 weeks of age declined from the values detected at 4 and 8 weeks of age. Liver cadmium concentrations were significantly higher in relation to the increased dietary levels and in relation to the length of time the ducklings were fed the cadmium diets. At 12 weeks of age the cadmium concentration in liver tissue was twice that in the diet.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

An investigation of enterococcal bacteremia.

Records of all 34 patients with positive blood cultures for enterococcus at Mount Sinai Medical Center of Greater Miami in 1981 were reviewed. Twenty-four true bacteremias were identified from sources including the pelvis/abdomen (9), urinary tract (6), wounds (2), IV catheter (2), contaminated needle (1), endocarditis (1), and primary bacteremia (3). Sixteen of the 24 true bacteremias were hospital acquired, and these infections accounted for 7 of 9 (78%) fatal outcomes. Fourteen of 16 patients with hospital-acquired infection received prior antibiotic therapy. Eight (24%) of the original 34 patients had positive blood cultures for enterococcus as a result of cross-contamination from an automated blood culture analyzer. The rate of cross-contamination per positive blood culture for enterococcus in 1981 was 22%. Two remaining patients in the original series could not be placed in a category of true infection or cross-contaminant. Although there was a real increase in the number of enterococcal bacteremias in 1981, a much larger apparent increase was explained by several episodes of pseudobacteremia.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1983

Ranitidine as an antacid before elective Caesarean section.

In a preliminary study, 20 women in labour received ranitidine 50 mg intravenously. No significant changes were seen in the height, frequency or amplitude of uterine contractions or in fetal heart rate or pattern. No neonatal problems attributable to ranitidine were found. Ranitidine crossed the placenta, the mean fetal-maternal ratio being 0.9. Levels in the infants 12 hours following delivery were all very low. Ranitidine 150 mg orally was given to 80 healthy women undergoing elective Caesarean section at varying times from 75 to 510 minutes pre-operatively. From 2 to 6 hours following ingestion, the pH of gastric contents was greater than 2.5 in all but one patient. The mean volume aspirated (8 ml) was significantly lower than in a control group receiving magnesium trisilicate (mean volume 30 ml). Neonatal assessment included Apgar scoring, neurobehavioural examination, feeding progress, measurement of acidity and culture of gastric aspirates. No significant differences between groups were found. Blood levels indicated that the oral drug is readily absorbed by the parturient and that a smaller proportion is transferred to the fetus, mean fetal-maternal ratio at delivery being 0.38.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Effect of age and environmental factors on insulin release from the perfused pancreas of the rat.

In this study we examined the effect of age and various age-related environmental factors on maximal glucose-stimulated insulin release by the intact perfused pancreas. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were maintained from 40 d to 12 mo of age on standard chow, or on a sucrose-rich or calorie-restricted diet. At 12 mo, studies were carried out on the isolated pancreas of each animal to determine maximal (300 mg/ml) glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. After these studies were completed, each pancreas was perfused with formalin fixative and processed for morphometric estimation of the mass of the endocrine pancreas. Data from these older animals were compared with data from 2-mo-old control rats. The results indicate that maximal glucose-stimulated insulin secretion per unit endocrine pancreas was markedly reduced in all three groups of 12-mo-old rats, and was only 25-33% of that of 2-mo-old rats. Thus, aging led to a decline in insulin secretion per beta cell that was not modifiable by environmental manipulation. On the other hand, environmental factors can influence the development of endocrine tissue within the pancreas, and in so doing, modify total pancreatic insulin secretion. The mass of the endocrine pancreas of 12-mo-old rats fed either sucrose or chow was between three and four times that of 2-mo-old control rats, and these older rats were able to maximally secrete as much insulin per total pancreas as the young rats. In contrast, the endocrine cell mass of the calorie-restricted rats had not enlarged to this extent, and the maximally stimulated perfused pancreas from these rats secreted less insulin. These data suggest that the aging animal, challenged in vivo to secrete insulin, can overcome the loss of the beta cell response by expanding its pancreatic pool of beta cells. Although this compensation is successful in the 12-mo-old, obese, middle-aged rat, it is not yet clear what effect further aging would have on these events.

Aging↗
PubMed1983

Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia of malaria.

Thrombocytopenia frequently complicates malarial infections but the mechanism has not been elucidated. We studied 28 patients with malarial infections and noted that 16 of 17 thrombocytopenic patients had elevated levels of platelet-associated IgG (PAIgG). In all thrombocytopenic patients studied, the level of PAIgG returned to normal as the platelet count rose to normal levels. To study the mechanism of the elevated platelet-bound IgG, IgG and F(ab')2 from patients with recurrent Plasmodium falciparum infections was purified and radiolabeled. Labeled and unlabeled P. falciparum antigen was also prepared. IgG did not nonspecifically bind to malaria-damaged platelets. Binding studies with 3H-malarial antigen demonstrated platelets have saturable binding sites for malarial antigen. Increasing concentrations of malarial antigen displaced the 125I-IgG antimalarial antibody from the platelets. The binding of 125I-IgG and 125I-F(ab')2 was similar and this excluded significant immune complex binding. The thrombocytopenia that complicates at least some malarial infections is caused by immune mechanisms; specific IgG binds to platelet-bound malaria antigen through the Fab portion of the immunoglobulin molecule.

Binding Sites, Antibody↗
PubMed1983

Quantification of insulin secretion and in vivo insulin action in nonobese and moderately obese individuals with normal glucose tolerance.

Insulin secretion and in vivo insulin action were quantified in nonobese and moderately obese subjects (approximately 35% above desirable body weight) with normal glucose tolerance. Insulin secretion was estimated by determining plasma insulin responses to a 75-g oral challenge, and in vivo insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by the euglycemic clamp technique. Plasma glucose levels of the two groups were identical during the glucose tolerance test, but the plasma insulin response was significantly greater (P less than 0.01) in the obese subjects. However, insulin-stimulated glucose utilization by the two groups was equal during the euglycemic clamp studies. These results were supported by the fact that degree of obesity correlated significantly with insulin response (r = 0.61, P less than 0.005), but not with insulin-stimulated glucose utilization (r = -0.25, P greater than 0.2). Thus, indirect evidence that moderately obese subjects were more insulin-resistant based on measurement of plasma insulin response was not supported by direct quantification of insulin action. One explanation for these findings is that the height of the plasma insulin response bears no relationship to loss of in vivo insulin action, but that seems unlikely in view of the fact that there was a significant correlation (r = -0.52, P less than 0.01) between these two variables in the group as a whole. Therefore, it appears that the hyperinsulinemia seen in obese individuals may not be a simple function of insulin resistance, and that ability of insulin to stimulate glucose utilization is not significantly impaired in moderately obese subjects with normal glucose tolerance. Alternatively, the degree of impairment in insulin action seen in these individuals is insufficient to be detected by the euglycemic clamp technique.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Goodpasture's syndrome--local and diffuse deposition of antibody in glomerular basement membrane. Case report.

An unusual case of Goodpasture's syndrome in a 22 year old white female is presented. The diagnosis of antiglomerular basement membrane disease was made on the basis of circulating anti-GBM antibodies in the presence of linear IgG deposits along the glomerular basement membrane by immunofluorescent microscopy. An additional finding was the presence of discrete granular subepithelial deposits on electron microscopy. Possible pathogenetic mechanisms are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Use of cimetidine as an oral antacid in obstetric anesthesia.

The H2-receptor antagonist, cimetidine, was used instead of magnesium trisilicate BPC as routine antacid therapy before both elective and emergency obstetric anesthesia. Two trials of its efficacy in increasing intragastric pH and decreasing the volume of gastric contents in parturients are reported. In the first trial, 400 mg of cimetidine given orally to patients being delivered by elective cesarean section effectively decreased gastric acidity, providing induction of anesthesia occurred 90-150 min after its administration. Of 62 patients requiring emergency anesthesia during active labor and who had been treated with 200 mg of cimetidine orally at 2-h intervals, 80% had gastric contents with a pH higher than 2.5. Failure to decrease gastric acidity to this level was mainly due to anesthesia being required within 60 min of the loading dose, but it also was considered that inaccurate timing of repeat doses and possibly delay in uptake due to gastric stasis by narcotic analgesia played a part. In trial 2 the same cimetidine regimen plus a 15-ml oral dose of 0.3 M sodium citrate given 10 min before induction of anesthesia was studied. All 72 women delivered by elective cesarean section had a low volume of gastric contents with pH greater than 2.5. Only 4% of 135 patients requiring emergency anesthesia had gastric aspirates the pH of which was less than 2.5. The volume (97 +/- 8.4 ml) of gastric contents removed from the latter patients were considered to still pose a hazard at induction of general anesthesia. No maternal or infant side effects related to cimetidine therapy were noted.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1983

Phase II trial of lymphoblastoid interferon in metastatic colon carcinoma.

Nineteen patients with advanced metastatic colon carcinoma were treated with human lymphoblastoid interferon at a dose of 3.0 X 10(6) units/m2 im three times/week for 6 weeks. Patients who did not progress at the 6-week interval were randomized to receive maintenance treatment with either interferon (3.0 X 10(6) units/m2 once/week) or no further treatment. All patients had evaluable metastatic lung, liver, or abdominal disease as measured by radiographs or computerized tomographic scans. Complete remission or partial remission of greater than 50% decrease in tumor measurements was not demonstrated with interferon treatment. Among 18 evaluable patients, seven had stabilization of measurable disease at 6 weeks, but 11 showed progressive disease. Of the seven patients followed during maintenance, only one (placebo maintenance) remained with no objective progression. No serious organ toxic effects were attributed to interferon, but one patient demonstrated liver enzyme elevation that persisted after cessation of interferon therapy. All patients had significant constitutional symptoms of fever, muscle aches, and malaise. Using interferon at the dose schedule outlined, this study failed to demonstrate significant regressions in metastatic colon carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Pathology (?) of Plagiorhynchus cylindraceus in the starling, Sturnus vulgaris.

Our field study did not support anecdotal claims alleging pathogenicity on the part of P. cylindraceus in starlings. Within-clutch analysis of nestling starling weights (n = 25) over time showed that P. cylindraceus had no effect on position in clutch relative to siblings. Parasitized nestlings tended to weigh more than control siblings. Within-sex analysis of wild adult starling weight (n = 103) showed no difference between animals with acanthocephalans and uninfected animals and weight was not related to intensity of infection. Host response to the proboscis was limited to immediately-surrounding tissue (90 microns). Other observations made in this study included the following: (1) no evidence for deleterious intraspecific interaction among adult P. cylindraceus in starlings; (2) no apparent interspecific interactions between P. cylindraceus and (unidentified) cestode species in starlings; and (3) copulatory caps on male P. cylindraceus may be a response to environmental deterioration in dead hosts.

Acanthocephala↗