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Biomedical subjects

J Moore

Publications and source records attributed to J Moore.

At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Physical fitness of militia forces.

Anthropometry and physical fitness of Canadian militia infantry (n = 19) and militia service battalion (SVC, n = 27) men, ranging in age from 17 to 21 years, were examined and were compared with recent Canadian fitness norms. The height of the infantry was taller (p less than 0.05) than that of civilians. There was no difference between the two groups for the body mass index (BMI), skinfolds, grip strength, and maximum oxygen consumption rate. Flexibility and muscular endurance (sit-ups) of the infantry were greater (p less than 0.01) than those of the militia service battalion. Skinfolds and muscular endurance of the militia were above the average, and BMI and maximum oxygen consumption rate of the militia were below the average for civilians. Further study is needed to establish the fitness criteria that should be met by the militia in the future.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Low-dose cyclophosphamide and low-dose interleukin-2 for malignant melanoma.

We have studied the effects of low-dose recombinant interleukin-2 preceded by low-dose cyclophosphamide on malignant melanoma. Thirty eight outpatients aged from 25 to 75 years were treated with interleukin-2, 3.6 million Cetus units/m2 i.v. daily for five days on two successive weeks beginning three days after 350 mg/m2 of intravenous cyclophosphamide. This schedule was repeated at least twice more with a one-week interval between cycles, usually at the same dosage level. Ten of the 38 patients (26.3%) had clinically significant remissions: two complete (5.3%), seven partial (18.4%), and one ongoing, long-term (greater than 18 mo) "minor" response (2.6%). Four others (10.5%) had shorter minor responses and four (10.5%) a mixed response. One patient with disease restricted to the skin had a complete remission, while the other patient with a complete remission had had three lung nodules and an enlarged hilar lymph node. It was gratifying that one of the major sites of disease responding to treatment was the liver. Two complete and two partial remissions (i.e., greater than 50% regressions for greater than four weeks at this site) were obtained in 10 patients with liver involvement. Lung metastases also responded in four of 16 patients (one complete and three partial remissions). Subcutaneous nodules responded in seven of 21 patients (two complete, five partial remissions), while lymph node metastases diminished significantly in four of 14 patients (one complete, three partial remissions). The median duration of response was nine months (range, 1.5-20 months), with four patients treated for more than one year. Toxicity was moderate and controllable, and only two patients required hospitalization, both overnight. Lymphokine activated killer cell activation was induced in 24 of 38 patients, including all nine of the major responders. Conversely, none of 14 patients without lymphokine activated killer cell activation had a significant clinical remission. This regimen appeared to be as effective in melanoma as those involving ex vivo activation of lymphokine activated killer cells, and was more tolerable than therapy with high doses of interleukin-2.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Diagnosis, complications and treatment of Takayasu's arteritis.

Takayasu's arteritis is a large vessel vasculitis involving the aorta and it's major branches. Clinical diagnosis in the early stage is important as the disease may then be treatable. We present the first two cases ever reported in the Irish literature.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1989

Irreversible renal failure after intraperitoneal cisplatin administration. A case report.

Intraperitoneal cisplatin has been used for localized tumor control to attain high intraperitoneal concentrations while minimizing systemic toxicity. We report on a woman who developed permanent renal failure following a single intraperitoneal dose of cisplatin. Probable factors contributing to this toxicity were mild renal insufficiency from prior intravenous cisplatin and failure to maintain brisk diuresis in the face of volume depletion due to severe vomiting. Although intraperitoneal cisplatin results in high intraperitoneal drug levels, serum levels similar to those seen with intravenous therapy may contribute to severe nephrotoxicity.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Messenger RNA degradation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The analysis of 17 functional mRNAs and two recombinant mRNAs in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae suggests that the length of an mRNA influences its half-life in this organism. The mRNAs are clearly divisible into two populations when their lengths and half-lives are compared. Differences in ribosome loading amongst the mRNAs cannot account for this division into relatively stable and unstable populations. Also, specific mRNAs seem to be destabilized to differing extents when their translation is disrupted by N-terminus-proximal stop codons. The analysis of a mutant mRNA, generated by the fusion of the yeast PYK1 and URA3 genes, suggests that a destabilizing element exists within the URA3 sequence. The presence of such elements within relatively unstable mRNAs might account for the division between the yeast mRNA populations. On the basis of these, and other previously published observations, a model is proposed for a general pathway of mRNA degradation in yeast. This model may be relevant to other eukaryotic systems. Also, only a minor extension to the model is required to explain how the stability of some eukaryotic mRNAs might be regulated.

Cloning, Molecular↗
PubMed1988

Direct detection of HIV RNA expression in seropositive subjects.

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcription were used to assess human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV1) RNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples from seropositive subjects. HIV RNA was detected from seropositive subjects who had no symptoms, lymphadenopathy syndrome, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. DNA PCR of the samples used for RNA extraction showed that seventeen of eighteen (94%) contained HIV proviral DNA. Eleven (65%) of the seventeen DNA-positive samples were also positive for HIV RNA, including samples from four patients undergoing antiviral drug treatment. Serum HIV antigen assays detected only six (32%) of the nineteen PCR-positive samples. Owing to the speed and high sensitivity of PCR for HIV detection, this technique will be suitable for monitoring antiviral therapy and the virus load of people with HIV infections.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1988

Early fluid requirements in trauma patients. A predictor of pulmonary failure and mortality.

The fluid required for initial resuscitation of trauma patients should reflect, at least in part, the severity of the original injuries and shock. We examined the hypothesis that the initial fluid requirements might also predict development of subsequent pulmonary failure and death. Fluid balances were calculated for the first 24 hours in the intensive care unit for 100 high-risk trauma patients. The mean (+/- 1 SD) fluid balance for 63 patients who developed pulmonary failure was 4.6 +/- 5.5 L; the mean balances for the 37 patients who did not develop pulmonary failure were 1.0 +/- 3.1 L. The balances in 23 patients who died and in 77 who survived were 6.8 +/- 5.4 and 2.2 +/- 4.5 L, respectively. A cutoff value of 3 L determined prospectively before beginning the study predicted pulmonary failure with a sensitivity of 52% and a specificity of 89%. For mortality, the 3-L cutoff point gave a sensitivity of 74% and a specificity of 74%. The predictive value of the fluid balance was independent of other prognostic indicators, such as revised trauma scores, injury Severity Scores, and modified APACHE II scores. This simple measurement should help in allocating intensive care unit resources, as patients in positive fluid balance are likely to require Swan-Ganz catheterization and are likely to require long-term mechanical ventilation. The fluid balance should also be useful in stratifying patients for entry into clinical trials.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

DERM/INFONET: a concept becomes a reality.

The DERMatology INFOrmation NETwork (DERM/INFONET) of the American Academy of Dermatology has become a reality. DERM/INFONET consists of a number of data bases providing information and educational programs for the dermatologist. Currently the components are: DERM/MLS (Medical Literature Search), DERM/RX (dermatologic therapy), DERM/USP (United States Pharmacopeia data base), DERM/ALLERGENS (Food and Drug Administration and Environmental Protection Agency Listings of allergens); Melanoma Prognosis Model; Electronic Mail; Bulletin Board; Meetings Calendar; ICD/CPT (International Classification of Diseases/Current Procedural Terminology) codes; AAD Membership/Committee Directories; and Dermatology Quiz. Additional data bases are planned. As audiovisual and alphanumeric communication systems evolve, newer opportunities for enhancing the DERM/INFONET Biomedical Communication Network will undoubtedly provide even greater opportunities for aiding the dermatologist in delivering state-of-the art management for their patients.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1988

Inferior vena cava thrombosis due to an indwelling hemodialysis catheter.

Various indwelling venous catheters have been used in hemodialysis patients after failure of traditional angioaccess. Thrombosis of the subclavian vein occurs with these cannulae and is usually asymptomatic. Such thromboses rarely cause significant pulmonary embolism. We describe a thrombus in the inferior vena cava due to an indwelling hemodialysis catheter, a site with potential for fatal pulmonary embolism.

Catheters, Indwelling↗
PubMed1988

Some affective consequences of social comparison and reflection processes: the pain and pleasure of being close.

A self-evaluation maintenance (SEM) model of social behavior was described. According to the comparison process, when another outperforms the self on a task high in relevance to the self, the closer the other the greater the threat to self-evaluation. According to the reflection process, when another outperforms the self on a task low in relevance to the self, the closer the other the greater the promise of augmentation to self-evaluation. Affect was assumed to reflect threats and promises to self-evaluation. In three studies, subjects were given feedback about own performance and the performance of a close (friend) and distant (stranger) other on tasks that were either low in self-relevance (Study 2) or that varied in self-relevance (Studies 1 and 3). In Study 1 (N = 31), subjects' performance on simple and complex tasks after each feedback trial served as a measure of arousal. Being outperformed by a close other resulted in greater arousal than being outperformed by a distant other. In Study 2 (N = 30), evaluative ratings of words unrelated to task performance served as an indirect measure of affect. Results indicated that when relevance is low, more positive affect is associated with a friend's outperforming the self than either a friend's performing at a level equal to the self or being outperformed by a stranger. In Study 3 (N = 31), subjects received feedback while their facial expressions were monitored. Pleasantness of expression was an interactive function of relevance of task, relative performance, and closeness of comparison other. The results of all three studies were interpreted as being generally consistent with the SEM model.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The effects of propranolol on hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension.

Beta adrenoreceptor blocking drugs have been used for the prevention of haemorrhage from oesophageal varices. However, it is possible that these agents, by virtue of their effects on hepatic blood flow, may impair liver function and precipitate hepatic encephalopathy. We have therefore studied the effect of the beta blocking drug propranolol on hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Twenty patients were randomly assigned to receive 4 weeks treatment with propranolol or an identical-looking placebo, the former given in a dose sufficient to reduce resting pulse rate by greater than or equal to 25%. Before and after treatment patients were assessed for the severity of liver disease and the presence of encephalopathy. EEG mean cycle frequency and fasting arterial ammonia concentrations were also measured, and in order to detect latent hepatic encephalopathy, each patient underwent a battery of psychometric tests. Patients were blinded as to their treatment, as were those assessing their responses. Neither propranolol nor placebo had any significant effect on the parameters measured. On propranolol median EEG mean cycle frequency fell from 9.08 ct s-1 (range 8.63-11.0 ct s-1) to 8.73 ct s-1 (range 8.27-11.44 ct s-1), and median fasting arterial ammonia concentration fell from 66 mumol litre-1 (range 40-329 mumol litre-1) to 49 mumol litre-1 (range 37-188 mumol litre-1). Psychometric test values, while initially abnormal and suggestive of latent hepatic encephalopathy in the majority of patients, did not change significantly during the study.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Isoflurane as an alternative to halothane for caesarean section.

Two series of 25 patients who underwent elective Caesarean section with general anaesthesia were given either 0.75% isoflurane or 0.5% halothane as supplements to 50% nitrous oxide in oxygen used for maintenance. The potent inhalational agent was given for the entire operative period and no case of intra-operative dreaming or awareness was reported. The infusion dose of suxamethonium was significantly less with isoflurane, 50 micrograms/kg/minute (SD 17), as compared to halothane, 64 micrograms/kg/minute (SD 24) (p less than 0.02). Recovery from anaesthesia was more rapid with isoflurane. The surgeon's assessment of uterine relaxation and bleeding using a visual analogue score indicated that this was significantly less with isoflurane. Infant well-being as judged by Apgar score and cord blood gas analysis, showed little difference between the two inhalational agents.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Plasma concentrations of bupivacaine during extradural anaesthesia for caesarean section. The effect of adrenaline.

The clinical effects and plasma levels associated with the use of 0.5% bupivacaine with and without the addition of 1:200,000 adrenaline (5 micrograms/ml) were studied in 30 patients who underwent extradural anaesthesia for elective Caesarean section. The addition of adrenaline to bupivacaine prolongs analgesia, reduces the degree of hypotension and delays its onset. Plasma bupivacaine levels were consistently lower when adrenaline was added, but this difference was significant only at 10 minutes after the initial dose. Prolonging the interval between increments seems to be a more reliable way to reduce plasma concentration than the addition of the catecholamine.

Anesthesia, Epidural↗
PubMed1988

Australian mortality statistics for rheumatoid arthritis 1950-81: analysis of death certificate data.

An analysis of mortality related to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Australia for the period 1950 to 1981 was undertaken based on information recorded in death certificates. These data include every death over a 32 year period where RA was considered to be the underlying cause. Death from RA was commonly reported (0.17% of all deaths). The mean age at death from RA in both sexes exceeded that of the general population for most of the period. There was little difference between patients dying of RA and the general population for age at death in the over 50 years' age group. There was a significant decrease in mortality for women dying of RA over the age of 75. RA accounted for more deaths in women than in men (in a ratio of 2.2:1). Men tended to die at a younger age from RA than did women. The impact of RA remained relatively constant in relation both to the total causes of death and to deaths due to other musculoskeletal diseases. There was a significant decline, however, in female RA deaths as a percentage of deaths due to all musculoskeletal diseases. Cohort analysis does not indicate any marked effect from extrinsic factors on mortality due to RA.

Age Factors↗