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Biomedical subjects

J Moodley

Publications and source records attributed to J Moodley.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Serological diagnosis of syphilis in pregnancy. Experiences at King Edward VIII Hospital, Durban.

Three different serological screening tests for syphilis were performed at the 'booking' visit of 500 antenatal patients at the King Edward VIII Hospital, Durban. The prevalence of active syphilis was 7,4%. The rapid plasma reagent test not only had a high biological false-positive rate at 11,8%, but also failed to detect 18,9% of the 37 patients diagnosed as having syphilis by means of the IgM-specific fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS) test. The Treponema pallidum haemagglutination (TPHA) test had a similarly high biological false-positive rate of 15,8%, but did not miss any of the 37 cases of active syphilis. The TPHA test is therefore advocated for screening patients for syphilis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

The effect of low-dose dihydrallazine on the fetus in the emergency treatment of hypertension in pregnancy.

The effects on the fetus of the acute lowering of blood pressure in maternal hypertension with dihydralazine 6.25 mg were studied in 27 Black patients with diastolic blood pressures of 110 mmHg or more. The fetus was found to be growth-retarded in 13 of the 14 cases in which fetal heart rate decelerations coincided with a fall in maternal blood pressure. Only 2 of the 13 fetuses without heart rate changes were growth-retarded (P less than 0.001). Continuous fetal heart monitoring during the lowering of the blood pressure helped in recognizing the 'comprised' fetus if this had been missed by other observations.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1982

Assay of human chorionic gonadotrophin in the patient with a suspected ectopic pregnancy.

Assay for the beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) in the serum of 50 patients in whom the diagnosis of an ectopic pregnancy was suspected was compared with other diagnostic methods. The urine pregnancy test was only positive in 30% and culdocentesis in 60%, whereas the beta-HCG test was positive in 96% of cases. A flow-chart for the management of the patient with a suspected ectopic pregnancy is outlined.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Prophylactic and antimicrobial therapy using lincomycin in patients undergoing emergency caesarean section.

The influence of prophylactic antimicrobial therapy with lincomycin and metronidazole on the vaginal carriage rates of anaerobes and the development of postoperative infection was studied in 60 women who underwent emergency surgery. Lincomycin prophylaxis in 20 patients led to a decrease in the vaginal carriage rate from 85% pre-operatively to 20% on both the 3rd and the 5th postoperative day. Metronidazole prophylaxis resulted in a similar decrease. In the placebo group of 20 patients no significant decrease in anaerobic yield was noted, the corresponding figures being 100%, 75% and 80% respectively. Furthermore, 6 of the placebo group had wound infections, compared with one each in the lincomycin and metronidazole groups.

Cesarean Section↗
PubMed1980

Gonorrhoea in black women attending a gynaecological outpatient department.

The incidence of gonorrhoea in a survey of 100 Black patients attending the gynaecological outpatient department at King Edward VIII Hospital was 11%. The endocervix was the most common site of positive specimens, and it is recommended that swabs for culture of the gonococcus be taken from the endocervix in every patient who has a pelvic examination at the gynaecological clinic.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

A survey of hypertension in pregnancy at the King Edward VIII Hospital, Durban.

During a survey of all pregnant patients seen during 1 month at the King Edward VIII Hospital, Durban, the prevalence of hypertension in pregnancy proved to be 11,4%. The incidence in primigravidas was 17,8%, twice the figure in multigravid patients. The perinatal mortality rate for both groups of patients was increased, especially when proteinuria was also present. The infants born to the multigravid patient with hypertension and proteinuria not only have a higher risk of perinatal mortality (5 - 6-fold increase) but a significantly lower birth weight than the infant born to the primiparous patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Cervical cytology in pregnant black patients and potential selective screening programmes.

A study to evaluate the detection rate of abnormal cervices in pregnancy was undertaken at King Edward VIII Hospital, Durban. Cervical smears were taken from 2 000 randomly selected patients in the antenatal clinic. Twenty-two smears were abnormal (1,1%), of which 12 were carcinoma in situ (0,6%). We feel that cytological examination of cervical smears should be performed routinely on all antenatal patients, but if this is not possible, it should be performed on those of 25 years or older or of parity 2 or greater. This selective screening would then diagnose 92% of the patients with carcinoma in situ.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

The management of hypertension in pregnancy: A review.

An outline of the management of hypertension in pregnancy from experience gained at the King Edward VIII Hospital, Durban, is described. The drugs commonly used in this condition are discussed and the recent literature is reviewed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

Umbilical cord prolapse.

Filling the bladder with 400--500 ml of saline displaces the presenting part and relieves pressure on the prolapsed umbilical cord. With this method there were no perinatal deaths in 24 patients with prolpsed cord, although the average interval between diagnosis and delivery was 65,0 minutes. This method has several advantages over other first-aid measures to relieve pressure on the prolapsed cord.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Tinidazole in the prophylaxis and treatment of anaerobic infection.

The influence of prophylactic tinidazole therapy on vaginal carriage rates of anaerobes and the development of post-operative anaerobic infection was studied in 100 women undergoing abdominal hysterectomy. Tinidazole prophylaxis (50 patients) led to a decrease of anaerobe vaginal carriage rate from 56% pre-operatively to 10 and 30% on the third and seventh post-operative days, respectively. In the control group (50 patients), no significant decrease in anaerobe yield was noted, corresponding percentages being 72, 64 and 74. Post-operative infection occurred in 34 cases (28 controls, 6 tinidazole prophylaxis). Wound swabs from patients in the latter group did not yield anaerobes on culture, and infections either resolved spontaneously (2 cases) or responded to tinidazole therapy, with or without addition of ampicillin and kanamycin (4 cases). In the control group, 21 cases of post-operative wound infection and 4 of vault infection were seen. Wound swabs from 6 of the former group yielded aerobes only and 10 mixed growth of aerobes/anaerobes. Post-operative wound/vault infections in control patients cleared spontaneously (18 cases) or responded to imidazole therapy, with or without ampicillin and kanamycin (7 cases). These data suggest that tinidazole may be a useful adjunct in imidazole prophylaxis and treatment of anaerobic infection.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1980

Effect of dihydralazine on the fetus in the treatment of maternal hypertension.

The effect on the fetus of lowering the maternal blood pressure with intravenous dihydralazine was studied in 33 patients with diastolic blood pressure of 110 mmHg or more. Nineteen patients showed fetal heart rate (FHR) decelerations coinciding with a fall in blood pressure. Thirteen of the 19 patients had growth-retarded fetuses, while only 1 of 14 patients who showed no FHR changes had a growth-retarded fetus (P greater than .005). Continuous FHR monitoring during the administration of dihydralazine helped identify the compromised fetus if it had been unrecognized at other observations.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1978

Metronidazole in the prophylaxis and treatment of anaerobic infection.

The influence of prophylactic metronidazole on vaginal carriage rates of anaerobes and the development of postoperative anaerobic infection was studied in 104 women who underwent abdominal hysterectomy. Metronidazole prophylaxis in 54 patients led to a decrease in the anaerobe vaginal carriage rate from 65% pre-operatively to 17% and 28% on the 3rd and 7th postoperative days respectively. In the control group (50 patients) no significant decrease in anaerobe yield was noted, corresponding percentages being 72%, 64%, and 74%. Postoperative infection occurred in 36 patients (28 controls; 8 on prophylactic metronidazole). Wound swabs from all 8 patients in the latter group yielded aerobes, and in 1 patient mixed infection (aerobes/anaerobes) occurred. In 7 of these patients (including the patient with mixed infection), the infection resolved spontaneously, while the 8th patient responded to therapy with metronidazole, kanamycin and ampicillin. In the control patients, 21 cases of postoperative wound infection and 4 of vault infection were seen; wound swabs from patients in the former group yielded aerobes in only 6 cases, and mixed growth of aerobes/anaerobes in 10 cases. Postoperative wound/vault infections in control patients cleared spontaneously in 18 cases and responded to imidazole therapy, with or without ampicillin and kanamycin, in 7 cases.

Bacteroides↗
PubMed1978

Comparison of amniotic fluid optical density and foam stability test in predicting fetal lung maturity.

The ability of optical density measurements and the foam stability test to predict the L/S ratio of amniotic fluid (AF) was examined. Optical density measurements and the foam test predicted the L/S ratio with a similar degree of accuracy; neither was able to replace biochemical measurement of the L/S ratio because both gave false negative and false positive predictions. Optical density measurements and the foam test did not combine to increase the accuracy of prediction.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Invasive cervical cancer and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection: a South African perspective.

The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence and presentation of cervical cancer in HIV-positive and HIV-negative women in our local population. Six hundred and seventy-two patients with cervical cancer presented to the gynecology oncology unit of King Edward VIII Hospital, South Africa. The HIV seroprevalence among these patients was 21%. There was an increase in the background prevalence of HIV infection (1.6-32.5%) as well as a quadrupling in the prevalence of HIV infection among patients with invasive cervical cancer (5-21%) over a 10-year period. The mean ages of the HIV-negative patients and HIV-positive patients were 55.2 and 39.8 years, respectively. Most of the HIV-positive patients were in the 30- to 40-year-old age group (51%), whereas the majority of patients who were HIV negative were in the 50- to 60-year-old age group (36%). The majority of patients, irrespective of HIV status, were more likely to have late stage disease than early stage disease. There was an increase in HIV infection in patients with both types of background prevalence and among patients with invasive cervical cancer. The mean age of HIV-positive patients was 15 years younger than that of the HIV-negative patients. The majority of patients, irrespective of HIV status, presented with late stage disease.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Choriocarcinoma and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection: a case report.

The appropriate management of gynecological malignancies in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients is uncertain. Gestational trophoblastic disease is highly curable and occurs predominantly among young females. However, such patients are often immunocompromised and cytotoxic agents may further compromise immunity. This case report demonstrates the successful management of choriocarcinoma in a HIV-infected patient.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

P53 codon 72 polymorphism and human papillomavirus type in relation to cervical cancer in South African women.

The usefulness of the arginine (Arg) residue at codon 72 of the p53 tumor suppressor gene as a marker for the risk of cervical cancer remains unclear. Studies to date have focused mainly on Caucasian subjects despite marked ethnic variations in both the p53 polymorphism and the frequency of cervical carcinoma. Furthermore, not all studies have taken into account the type of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection present. In this study, undertaken at King Edward VIII Hospital, Durban, South Africa, we determined the p53 codon 72 status in 281 black South African women with cervical cancer and 340 ethnically matched healthy control subjects. In addition, HPV DNA was confirmed in 190 cervical tumors and the viral type determined. Results showed that overall more cancer patients than control subjects had an Arg allele at codon 72 with respect to both genotype and allelotype (P < 0.05). A significantly higher (P < 0.001) Arg allele frequency (55%) was also observed in patients whose tumors contained low or intermediate risk HPV DNA compared with control subjects (31%); the Arg homozygosity rate was 34% and 9% in patients and controls, respectively (P < 0.001). In contrast, patients harboring HPV 16/18 infections showed no differences in p53 status compared with controls. It would appear that, in the absence of HPV 16/18 infections, the Arg allele at codon 72 of the p53 tumor suppressor gene may constitute a risk factor for carcinogenesis of the cervix.

Black People↗