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Biomedical subjects

J Monahan

Publications and source records attributed to J Monahan.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Stone-Roth model of civil commitment and the California dangerousness standard: operational comparison.

Professional opposition to making "dangerousness" the primary criterion for involuntary civil commitment has galvanized in support of the proposed "new medical model." The Stone-Roth criteria for commitment were applied to patients being committed under California's version of the dangerousness standard. Results showed that 86% of the patients committed under the California statute were viewed by the examining psychiatrists as committable under the Stone-Roth procedures as well.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Patients' perceptions of the family's role in involuntary commitment.

Two theoretical frameworks have been proposed for understanding the relationship between family functioning and involuntary mental hospitalization: social control and social support. To more fully examine the family's role in involuntary commitment of a family member, the authors compared a group of 50 randomly chosen patients involuntarily admitted to a psychiatric emergency unit with a matched group of medical patients. They also compared family characteristics of patients released after brief observation with those of patients committed for a longer time. The results indicated that the family structure and relationships of the committed patients were less stable than those of medical patients. There were also significant differences between committed patients who were released after observation and those who were subsequently hospitalized, with families of the released patients perceived as exerting more control. The authors suggest that this finding can best be accounted for within a framework of social support rather than one of social control.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Effect of nonionizing radiation on the Purkinje cells of the rat cerebellum.

In one experiment, Sprague Dawley rats (16-21 days of gestation) and their offspring were exposed to 100-MHz (CW) electromagnetic radiation at 46 mW/cm2 (SAR 2.77 mW/g) for 4 h/day for 97 days. In another experiment, the pregnant rats were irradiated daily from 17 to 21 days of gestation with 2450-MHz (CW) microwaves at 10 mW/cm2 (SAR 2 m W/G) for 21 h/day. In a third experiment, 6-day old rat pups were irradiated 7 h/day for five days with 2450-MHz radiation at 10 mW/cm2. Equal numbers of animals were sham irradiated in each group. Quantitative studies of Purkinje cells showed a significant and irreversible decrease in rats irradiated during fetal or fetal and early postnatal life. In animals exposed postnatally, and euthanized immediately after irradiation, significant decrease in the relative number of Purkinje cells was apparent. However, restoration apparently occurred after forty days of recovery.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1980

Task force report: the macroenvironment and community mental health.

The U.S. President's Commission on Mental Health (1978) has called for a broader conception of mental health and the factors that influence it. The "macro"-social environment is emerging as one area of concern. The influence of two macroenvironmental domains, the physical and economic, on several areas of human functioning is documented in this article. Topics in the physical domain include noise and crowding; and in the economic domain, socio-economic status, unemployment, and economic change. The implications of this research for community mental health practice is described.

Community Mental Health Services↗
PubMed1980

An interrupter method for measurement of airway resistance in small animals.

An interrupter technique for the measurement of airway resistance in spontaneously breathing, unanesthetized small experimental animals is described. The method makes use of an automatic 35-mm camera body to provide the necessary speed for interruption in these rapidly breathing animals and an analog computer to monitor breathing. The system was designed as a screening technique for assessing the irritancy of air pollutants. Initial results using rabbits is presented.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1978

Prediction research and the emergency commitment of dangerous mentally ill persons: a reconsideration.

The author suggests that research on the prediction of violent behavior does not support the unqualified conclusion that the accurate predictions of violence is impossible under all circumstances or that psychiatrists, psychologists, and others will invariably overpredict its occurrence by several orders of magnitude. Further, he suggests that there are theoretical reasons why one could expect that one set of circumstances--those which typically apply in the short-term emergency commitment of mentally ill persons predicted to be imminently violent--may be exempt from the systematic inaccuracy found in the current research.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1977

John Stuart Mill on the liberty of the mentally ill: a historical note.

The author discusses the quote from Mill's On Liberty that is often cited by libertarians in opposition to involuntary commitment of the mentally ill. This quote has been taken out of context; other statements in the document indicate that Mill excluded from his libertarian credo those "without the ordinary amount of understanding," i.e., those people who would now be considered mentally ill.

Commitment of Persons with Psychiatric Disorders↗
PubMed1975

The community psychologist as social planner. Designing optimal environments.

The environmental movement may provide a vehicle by which community psychologists can contribute to large-scale ecological change. This paper uses one outgrowth of the environmental movement--the environmental impact assessment process--to illustrate the procedures for input by community psychologists can participate in the environmental impact assessment process to (1) predict the effects of any new project on the demand for treatment services and (2) suggest ways in which a project may be designed to prevent psychological problems and enhance community well-being.

California↗
PubMed1975

The quality control of community caretakers: a study of mental health screening in a sheriff's department.

There is increasing awareness of the sensitive and crucial role of the law enforcement officer as a community caretaker. Rigorous efforts to define criteria of adequate performance and to select men who can meet these criteria are called for. In this study applicants for a law enforcement agency were subjected to an extensive psychological test battery and a psychiatric interview. The results were matched against subsequent performance as law enforcement officers. The data show that although some psychological factors are related to failure on the job, intellectual factors are the best predictors of advancement in the department, and the psychiatric interview did not relate to any of the performance criteria. Development of performance criteria was a problem here as elsewhere.

Demography↗
PubMed1972

Comparison of mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal ribonucleic acid from different species.

Mitochondrial ribosomal RNA species from mouse L cells, rat liver, rat hepatoma, hamster BHK-21 cells and human KB cells were examined by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide-agarose gels and sedimentation in sucrose density gradients. The S(E) (electrophoretic mobility) and S values of mitochondrial rRNA of all species were highly dependent on temperature and ionic strength of the medium; the S(E) values increased and the S values decreased with an increase in temperature at a low ionic strength. At an ionic strength of 0.3 at 23-25 degrees C or an ionic strength of 0.01 at 3-4 degrees C the S and S(E) values were almost the same being about 16.2-18.0 and 12.3-13.6 for human and mouse mitochondrial rRNA. The molecular weights under these conditions were calculated to be 3.8x10(5)-4.3x10(5) and 5.9x10(5)-6.8x10(5), depending on the technique used. At 25 degrees C in buffers of low ionic strength mouse mitochondrial rRNA species had a lower electrophoretic mobility than those of human and hamster. Under these conditions the smaller mitochondrial rRNA species of hamster had a lower electrophoretic mobility than that of human but the larger component had an identical mobility. Mouse and rat mitochondrial rRNA species had identical electrophoretic mobilities. Complex differences between human and mouse mitochondrial rRNA species were observed on sedimentation in sucrose density gradients under various conditions of temperature and ionic strength. Mouse L-cell mitochondrial rRNA was eluted after cytoplasmic rRNA on a column of methylated albumin-kieselguhr.

Animals↗