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Biomedical subjects

J Meynadier

Publications and source records attributed to J Meynadier.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

[Percutaneous absorption of triamcinolone 16 alpha, 17 alpha cyclopentylene-dioxy-21-acetate (author's transl)].

The authors try to estimate the percutaneous absorption of a new corticosteroid, derived from triamcinolone: Amcinonide, which is presented as a cream and 0.1% ointment. The study was carried out on 13 patients; cream was applied to 5 of them under occlusive dressings during 48 h, 4 other had ordinary topical applications of the cream, and the 4 remaining patients were treated with the ointment. The parameters studied were 17-ketosteroids and 17-hydroxysteroids in the 24-hour urine, daily sodium and potassium urinary elimination, plasma cortisol levels and ACTH stimulation test before and after treatment. Only extensive occlusive plastic dressings (50--90% of the body area) lead to a temporary decrease in the activity of the pituitary adrenal system (lowering of the 17-hydroxysteroids in the 24-hour urine in all patients, lowering of the normal adrenocortical response after stimulation with exogenous ACTH in 1 patient). On the other hand, the elimination of urinary ions is not significantly modified. With ordinary topical application of cream or ointment no systemic effect could be observed.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1981

[Kaposi's sarcoma during local and general steroid therapy for psoriasis (author's transl)].

The authors describe a new case of Kaposi's sarcoma associated with psoriasis. The patient (a 68-year-old Nord-African man) had suffered from psoriasis for 14 years and had applied local betamethasone or fluocinolone for 125 months when Kaposi's sarcoma occurred. The association between these two diseases is discussed. The role of local steroid therapy and the immunological abnormality occurring in psoriasis are analyzed in order to explain the association between psoriasis and Kaposi's sarcoma or other malignant diseases.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

[Homocystinuria. Histological and ultrastructural study. Report of a case (author's transl)].

The histological and ultrastructural appearance of the skin is reported in a case of homocystinuria. By optical microscopy, the collagen fibers appear granulose and non fascicular in the superficial dermis; in the deeper layers they are rare; the elastic network of the medium and lower dermis is thick and disrupted. Electron microscopically, some fibroblasts exhibit large autophagic vacuoles; the collagen fibers are normal while the elastic fibers are broken and dense; the dermal capillaries are normal. Vitamin B6 has shown its action by recoloring the patient's hair.

Child↗
PubMed1981

[Circulating immune complexes in skin disease patients. Study and literature data (author's transl)].

Circulating immune complexes (C.I.C.) were investigated in 244 patients with various skin diseases and 100 healthy subjects. C.I.C. were detected by the PEG-C4 assay, firstly proposed by Digeon et al. using the precipitation by polyethylene glycol (PEG 3,5 p. 100) and the determination by laser nephelometry of complement component C4 in sera and in precipitates. The percentage of C4 precipitated and of positive subjects were significantly increased in numerous cutaneous diseases: systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid, dermatitis herpetiformis, psoriasis, contact dermatitis and lichen planus. Two cases of dermatomyositis, 3 cases of post herpetic erythema multiformis and 2 cases of Kaposi-Juliusberg syndroma were also positives but no definite conclusion can be given because of the few patients tested. On the contrary, the values of precipitated C4 are normal in most cases of atopic dermatitis (the method does not detect IgE-C.I.C.) scabies, porphyria cutanea tarda, cutaneous epithelioma and discoid lupus. In chronic urticaria and in mycosis fongoides the mean values of precipitated C4 are significantly increased but the number of positive subjects is low and the significance of these results is uncertain because of the wide range of the values. The results of the present study are compared with the literature data. The value of C.I.C. determination in determining the evolutivity of skin diseases and their possible role in pathogenesis are discussed.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1980

Immunological aspects of psoriasis. IV. Presence of circulating immune complexes in patients before and after PUVA therapy; correlations with T-cell markers.

We investigated sixteen patients before and after 1 month of PUVA therapy (three times a week) for circulating immune complexes (CIC) and T-cell markers. CIC were detected by the PEG-C4 assay, using a laser nephelometry determination of polyethylene glycol (PEG, 3.5%) precipitated endogenous C4. T cells were evaluated by E rosettes, active E rosettes, anti-HTLA serum and ox EA gamma-rosettes. This latter method investigated mainly T cells bearing Fc receptors for IgG (Tgamma-cells). After 1 month of PUVA-therapy: (a) the cutaneous lesions markedly improved; (b) the mean percentages of E rosettes, active E rosettes, and HTLA bearing cells, depressed before treatment, returned to normal; (c) CIC were found in higher amounts; (d) T gamma-cell numbers decreased simultaneously. The improvement of T-cell levels assessed by E rosettes, active E rosettes and HTLA values was correlated with clearing of skin lesions, as previously reported by others. However, the increase of CIC during PUVA therapy, their correlation with T gamma-cell decrease, and their possible role in the pathogenic chain of psoriasis remains uncertain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (2 cases). Immunological study (author's transl)].

Flat wart-like lesions of two patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EDV) were associated with pink, tan or depigmented pityriasis-like macules. There was no familial history nor mental retardation. Human papilloma virus (HPV) type 5 was demonstrated in the two patients and was responsible for the pityriasis-like lesions. Malignancies seem to be closely related to HPV-5 infection since bowenoid transformation occurred in the 2 patients. Immunological studies showed an increase of serum IgE in both patients and an important decrease of IgM in one of them. Most of delayed hypersensitivity skin tests were negative. T-cell percentages (E rosettes) were decreased in one patient, normal for the other one. The mitogenic response to PHA and ConA was markedly depressed in the two patients but returned to normal values in one of them after 3 months of aromatic retinoid (Ro 10-9359) treatment. Beside the viral type, the defect of cell mediated immunity could play an important role in the disease and in the malignant conversion of the lesions. A long-term preventive treatment by retinoic acid derivatives could be of interest for patients with HPV type 5 EDV.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Prostaglandin biosynthesis in psoriatic epidermis (author's transl)].

The biosynthesis of prostaglandins E2 (PGE2) and F2 alpha (PGF2) from exogenous arachidonic acid (AA) was investigated in 12 involved and uninvolved psoriatic epidermis and in 6 normal epidermis. PGE2 and PGF2 were determined by radio-immuno-assay after addition of 25 microgram of AA and 1 hour incubation. The biosynthesis of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha was higher in psoriatic epidermis than in control epidermis but lower in involved than in uninvolved epidermis. The ratio PGE2/PGF2 alpha is decreased in involved epidermis when compared with uninvolved epidermis and with controls. These quantitative and qualitative disturbances of the PG metabolism in psoriatic epidermis might play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. They could be responsible for abnormal keratinocyte differentiation and proliferation, lipid membrane abnormalities and abnormal immune response of psoriatic patients.

Epidermis↗
PubMed1980

[Acroangiodermatitis developing on paralytic limbs (author's transl)].

4 cases of acroangiodermatitis developing on paralytic feet are reported. Acroangiodermatitis might be an entity different from Mali's syndrome and Stewart-Bluefarb's syndrome. Paralysis could generate the dermatologic lesions by increasing venous stasis and enhancing arteriovenous channels.

Acrodermatitis↗
PubMed1980

[Allergic eczema to wax cloth. Attempts at identification of an allergen].

The coming out of 20 cases of eczema to American cloth, in 1978, motivated a clinical, allergologic and chemical investigation. From a clinical point of view, the lesions were located in areas in contact with American cloth. Cutaneous biopsies, which were carried out in 3 cases, established the allergic eczematous nature of these lesions. Epicutaneous tests were carried out by these patients. With American cloth, results were positive in 20 cases out of 20; six constituents provided by the manufacturer and a standard battery of allergens gave no indication. The chemical analysis of American cloths revealed among others an unknown product which was found in every formulation. This product had a molecular weight of 223; the infra-red spectra and the mass spectra showed a strong analogy with the spectra of alpha-phenyl indole. Tests carried out with alpha-phenyl-indole were positive in 11 cases out of 18; among controls every test was negative.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1979

[Immunological abnormalities in atopic dermatitis (author's transl)].

The humoral immunological abnormalities in atopic dermatitis (AD) are mainly represented by the increase of IgE. But high IgE levels are inconstant and non specific for AD. They may remain elevated during remission and their role in the pathogenesis is unclear. The origin of the stimulation of IgE-producing B lymphocytes could be a transcient deficiency of IgA in newborns or a defect of the T cell control. A defect of cell-mediated immunity has been clearly demonstrated by numerous in vitro studies indicating low percentages of E rosettes and low stimulation by mitogens. This defect could be a T suppressor cell defect. The correlations of these immunological abnormalities with the Sczentivanyi's theory as well as the role of immuno-pharmacological disturbances in the clinical picture and the possible new treatments of AD are discussed.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1979

[The venous route in total parenteral nutrition of the adult patient (author's transl)].

Total parenteral nutrition (T.P.N.) takes presently an important place in the therapeutic methods. Nevertheless multiple complications, directly related to the venous route can constitute a limiting factor in the application of such procedures. Therefore complications such as sepsis and venous thrombosis must be prevented during T.P.N. Some conditions issued from our experiences and from the results in the literature can be now well defined: 1) Surgical catheterization of the vein in cases of long term T.P.N. and transcutaneously in cases of short term T.P.N. with in all cases a long subcutaneous way of the catheter. 2) Silastic catheter must be systematically used. 3) The intravenous way of the catheter must be as short as possible. 4) Nutrients must be strictly infused in the superior vena cava. 5) The utilisation of nutritive mixtures must be prefered if possible. 6) Handling of the infusion line must be avoided. Finally the management of T.P.N. in the best conditions requires a specialized staff.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Metronidazole therapy in rosacea (author's transl)].

Metronidazole was administered (500 mg daily the first month, 250 mg daily the second month and, in some cases, 250 mg every other day the following months) to 62 patients suffering from rosacea or perioral dermatitis. 90 p. 100 of them improved within 2 months and Metronidazole was particularly effective against papulo-pustules. Relapses after interruption of treatment seemed to be less frequent than with Tetracycline therapy. Side-effects (gastro-intestinal disturbances) occurred in few patients but long-term tolerance remains uncertain. So, the length of treatment was less than 6 months and the drug was not given to pregnant women.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Xanthogranuloma in adults. Clinico-pathological study of a case].

The authors report a case of naevoxanthoendothelioma in a 58-year-old woman. 24 cases of naevoxanthoendothelioma in adults have already been reported in the literature. If the age of the patient is considered, nosologic problems may arise, especially with the strictly cutaneous reticulohistiocytosis of Senear and Caro. Biological and ultrastructural features allow the authors to develop some hypotheses about pathogenesis of the disease.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1979

[Pathogenesis of psoriasis].

Psoriasis is basically an excessive proliferation of the epiderm. This state results mainly from an imbalance in the cyclical nucleotides linked mainly to anomalies of the keratinocyte membranes. The membrane change is due to antibodies whose production may be dependent upon a deficit of a T-lymphocyte sub-population. This deficit may be considered the result of the penetration of virus agent with the help of multiple genetic factors. The various link of this pathogenic chain may be modified by numerous external factors which, by causing a worsening in a pre-existing imbalance, brings about the appearance of lesions.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1979

[Chronic urticaria. Etiologic and therapeutic evaluation of 150 cases. (author's transl)].

The study of one hundred and fifty cases of chronic urticaria observed, gave the following results: higher female frequency, usual beginning at adult age, relative absence of digestive problems. For the last of these results we nevertheless noted numerous insignificant functional features, a few examples of colitis, a number of cases of non-functioning gall-bladder. Frequency of sensitivity to foods, preservatives, colouring agents, medical substances, principally shown by provocation tests (the latter present a considerable interest, and merit frequent use); importance of bacterian, mycotic, parasitic origins; little importance of atopy; frequency of minor psychogenic disorders. A contributing role might be played by spasmophily. The therapy includes the following basic treatment; antihistaminic drugs (mainly hydroxyzine hydrochloride and cyproheptadine hydrochloride) and a diet which eliminates recognized urticaria causing foods. In addition, a supplementary treatment destined to eliminate the factors shown to be responsible for the outbreak, must be prescribed.

Adolescent↗