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Biomedical subjects

J Mendelson

Publications and source records attributed to J Mendelson.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Prophylactic antibiotics in elective colorectal surgery.

In an effort to determine whether or not the addition of parenteral antibiotics to orally administered erythromycin and neomycin would diminish postoperative septic complications in elective colorectal operations, a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial was conducted comparing three groups. All patients received vigorous preoperative mechanical bowel preparation, 3 g erythromycin and 3 g neomycin orally, the day prior to operation. Patients in Group O received three doses of saline intravenously as placebo, patients in Group C received cefazolin, 1 g, immediately preoperatively and 1 g every 6 hours postoperatively, intravenously, for two doses, and patients in Group T received a single immediate preoperative dose of 6 g of ticarcillin intravenously and two saline placebo doses intravenously, postoperatively. The patients' progress was followed in the hospital and for one month postoperatively. Septic complications occurred in 35 per cent of patients in Group O, 7 per cent of patients in Group C, and 5 per cent of patients in Group T. Wound infections comprised most of these complications, occurring in 29 per cent of Group O, 4.7 per cent of Group C, and 2.3 per cent of Group T patients. Thus, the addition of either parenteral cefazolin or ticarcillin in this study significantly reduced wound infections in elective colorectal surgery.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Parallel increases in sister-chromatid exchanges at base level and with UV treatment in human opiate users.

The SCE base level frequency and SCE levels induced by far-UV (254 nm) treatment of cells in early G1 and early S phases of the cell cycle were significantly higher in leukocytes from heroin addicts as compared to controls. The increased SCE levels in addicts was greatest at base level and smallest after UV irradiation of cells in S phase. These results corroborate and extend our previous findings of increased chromosome damage and reduced DNA-repair synthesis in heroin users. Since opiates do not directly damage DNA, the elevated cytogenetic effects associated with opiate use probably arise from secondary promotional effects related to opiate-mediated alterations in leukocyte metabolism.

Crossing Over, Genetic↗
PubMed1983

A search for congenital rubella in psychiatric day treatment, language and learning centres.

A search for previously undiagnosed congenital rubella (CR) was made on 672 children who had attended psychiatric day treatment, learning, and speech and language centres. This was done by observing the seroresponse of seronegative children to rubella vaccine, since 90% of patients with known CR who are seronegative fail to seroconvert to the vaccine. Of the 225 seronegative children 23 did not seroconvert after a single vaccination. Five of these failed to respond on revaccination. These five children had a high frequency of severe language and learning disability as well as frequent diagnoses of major CNS disorders. It is likely that a far greater number of children in the population studied had CR, since our methods identify only about 20% of those affected. Clinically, a specific diagnosis of CR is helpful in facilitating genetic counselling and in allowing the clinician to offer a more hopeful prognosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Superoxol(catalase)test for identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

The Superoxol (Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, N.J.) test (catalase test using 30% H2O2) was used to differentiate Neisseria gonorrhoeae from other Neisseria species. A positive test was defined as immediate, brisk bubbling upon dropping 30% H2O2 onto a bacterial colony. One hundred percent of the gonococci were Superoxol positive. Only 1% of Superoxol-positive isolates on Thayer-Martin agar were organisms other than gonococci (99% specificity). The test was more reliable than the coagglutination test. Individual strains of a wide variety of Neisseria and Branhamella species were Superoxol positive. They could usually be differentiated from N. gonorrhoeae by their poor growth on selective media, colonial morphology on nonselective media, and simple biochemical tests. The Superoxol test is an excellent screening test for N. gonorrhoeae. A positive result on a clinical isolate growing on Thayer-Martin agar is strongly suggestive of the presence of gonococci.

Catalase↗
PubMed1980

Alteration of T and null lymphocyte frequencies in the peripheral blood of human opiate addicts: in vivo evidence for opiate receptor sites on T lymphocytes.

Street opiate addiction produces a significant depression in the absolute number of total T lymphocytes in peripheral blood as measured by the ability of the lymphocytes to rosette sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Associated with the decrease in T cells, there is an increase in the absolute number of null lymphocytes but no significant changes in B lymphocytes or total white blood cell count. The T cell values for 2 different populations of addicts (n = 12 and 32) are 31.8% and 23.1%, whereas the null cell values are 51.1% and 57.6%, respectively. The values for comparable control populations (n = 18 and 10) are: T% = 70.7% and 67.4%, and null % = 9.2% and 14.5%. Self-reported use of marihuana does not significantly alter the distribution of cell populations. A 1- to 3-hr incubation of addicted-derived lymphocytes with 10(-6) to 10(-7) M Naloxone reverses both T cell depression and null cell increase by allowing the null cells to express SRBC receptors. Cyclic AMP and dibutyryl cyclic AMP can also convert the null cells to T cells. The conversion of null to T lymphocytes has additionally been measured by monitoring the increase in PHA-stimulated growth in 72-hr cultures as determined by tritiated thymidine incorporation into DNA. These results support the hypothesis that opiates can alter T lymphocyte number and function in vivo, and that this alteration may produce a significant degeneration in the immune competence of street opiate addicts.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1979

Effect of single and multidose cephradine prophylaxis on infectious morbidity of vaginal hysterectomy.

The administration of cephradine prophylactically to patients who were undergoing vaginal hysterectomies resulted in a marked and significant reduction in the incidence of postoperative infections when compared to a placebo group. Cephradine was the cephalosporin studied because of its unique pharmacodynamic properties, which result in high uterine tissue levels. The protective effect was similar whether 1 g was given preoperatively followed by 500 mg IV q. 6 hours for 4 doses, or a single dose of 2 g IV given approximately 1 hour before surgery. Uterine tissue and serum levels of antibiotic were high and correlated with the degree of protection noted.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Water-intake volume regulation in the rat: schedule-induced drinking compared with water-deprivation-induced drinking.

Hungry rats drink extremely large amounts of water when they are intermittently fed small amount of food (schedule-induced polydipsia). Are such animals motivated to drink for long durations, to ingest large amounts of fluid, or to do both? When drinking-tube apertures were decreased to slow the rate of water ingestion, each of eight rats spent more time drinking (M = 11.5 min) than when larger apertures were used (M = 7.8 min). The mean volumes ingested were not different. These equal volumes were generated by adjustment of each drink duration in accordance with ingestion rate even during the first few drinks of the sessioons, even when the drinking tubes were frequently switched (every 1-3 min) during the sessions. During drinking induced by water deprivation when food was concurrently available, restriction of the driking-tube apertures reduced intake volumes by 18%-19%. However, when food was not concurrently available during water-deprivation-induced driking, regulation of intake volumes was comparable with that found during schedule-induced polydipsia. These data pose difficulties for theories that ascribe a crucial role to the motor aspects of schedule-induced drinking.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Safety of the bolus administration of gentamicin.

A study was done to assess the safety of gentamicin administration by a bolus method. A total of 63 patients were randomly treated with intravenous gentamicin by bolus administration (3 to 5 min) and by slow infusion (2 h). Serum gentamicin levels were measured. Renal and audiovestibular function were monitored. Pure-tone audiometry was performed at the beginning, on day 3, and at the end of therapy. The study revealed that the bolus administration was safe and nontoxic.

Adult↗