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Biomedical subjects

J Mandelbaum

Publications and source records attributed to J Mandelbaum.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Induction of ovulation by a luteinizing hormone releasing hormone pump. Principles, indications and results].

A new treatment of hypothalamic amenorrhea is based mainly on Knobil's data demonstrating the physiological pulsatile secretion of GnRH. This hormone can be administered intravenously in a chronic intermittent (pulsatile) fashion. Nine women suffering from hypothalamic amenorrhea received 1 pulse of GnRH 5 to 20 micrograms every 90 minutes via a portable infusion pump. Nine pregnancies were induced after a mean 1.5 cycle. Three precocious miscarriages occurred. At this moment two children are born and four other pregnancies are undelivered. Venous tolerance was excellent, except in one patient who developed repeated venitis. Pulsatile administration of GnRH is very effective in inducing ovulation without risk of hyperstimulation frequently observed with HMG-hCG.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1985

Sequential use of clomiphene citrate, human menopausal gonadotropin, and human chorionic gonadotropin in human in vitro fertilization. I. Follicular growth and oocyte suitability.

Sequential treatment with clomiphene citrate, human menopausal gonadotropin, and human chorionic gonadotropin was successfully applied to 149 women in the framework of an in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer program and led to the birth of normal children. An average of 3.5 follicles was promoted at each cycle. Oocyte maturity was evaluated at recovery either histologically or with respect to cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC) and correlated to oocyte fertilizability. Three types of COC are described according to cell dissociation and mucification. The most expanded cumulus mass (type I) was highly fertilizable, compared with granular and poorly dissociated cumulus complexes (types II and III, respectively). No improvement in the type II and III oocyte fertilizability was obtained when type I follicular fluid was added to the incubation medium. Moreover, incubation of type III oocytes in medium containing type III follicular fluid seemed to decrease their fertilizability.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Characteristics of pregnancies obtained by in vitro fertilization].

193 patients had 212 cycles induced for in vitro fertilisation between May 1983 and May 1984. 20 pregnancies of which 10 are still in progress were obtained with 6 spontaneous abortions. There were 2 so-called biochemical pregnancies and 3 extra-uterine pregnancies. The figure of 17% pregnancies where embryos were replaced totals less than 10% if one considers those pregnancies that really carry on. The number of extra-uterine pregnancies is disturbing. Finally, 2 multiple pregnancies continued, one of them being a quadruple pregnancy. The authors have made a special study to see the parameters of the conditions under which the pregnancies were obtained and the prognosis for such pregnancies.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1985

[Extrauterine pregnancy following in vitro fertilization, 2 of these associated with a developing intrauterine pregnancy].

Five cases of extra-uterine pregnancy occurred after in vitro fertilisation and embryo transfer. The case histories are given. All pregnancies occurred in the ampullary portions of the tubes. In two of the cases there was an on-going intra-uterine pregnancy as well as the ectopic. After the extra-uterine pregnancy had been operated on the intra-uterine pregnancies continued normally to term. In considering the tubal physiology the authors attempt to draw conclusions about the factors causing ectopic pregnancies after in vitro fertilisation.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Sequential use of clomiphene citrate, human menopausal gonadotropin, and human chorionic gonadotropin in human in vitro fertilization. II. Study of luteal phase adequacy following aspiration of the preovulatory follicles.

The 88 patients included in the in vitro fertilization program during 113 cycles were submitted to superovulation by sequential use of clomiphene citrate, human menopausal gonadotropin, and human chorionic gonadotropin. No correlation was found between estradiol and progesterone levels during the luteal phase and estradiol on the days preceding administration of human chorionic gonadotropin. Nineteen biopsies of the endometrium were carried out. The importance of the increase of estradiol between the day before and the day of administration of human chorionic gonadotropin is positively correlated with the quality of the endometrium.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
PubMed1984

Acrosome reaction of human sperm used for in vitro fertilization.

The acrosomal reaction of human spermatozoa was assessed, according to a triple-stain technique, at the end of a 17-hour capacitation period in the search for a predictive test of sperm efficiency in an in vitro fertilization program. A 400% increase in the acrosomal reaction rate of the living spermatozoa was observed (4.2% +/- 3.2% before incubation versus 16% +/- 11% after incubation). No correlation could be evidenced between the abilities for spermatozoa to react and to fertilize mature human oocytes in vitro, whatever the initial semen quality. The acrosome reaction rate was not enhanced by the presence of the cumulus oocyte complex, by the selection of motile spermatozoa, or by the increase in albumin concentration of the culture medium.

Acrosome↗
PubMed1984

[In vitro parthenogenesis in the human species].

During the examination of some 800 oocytes prior to in vitro fertilization, twelve exhibited evidence of parthogenetic activation. Four of these twelve underwent cleavage, the cleavage of one being normal. In vitro parthenogenesis is compared with two forms of parthenogenesis observed in vivo, namely ovarian teratomas and hydatidiforms moles.

Female↗
PubMed1982

[In vitro fertilization].

The results of 36 follicular punctures for in vitro fertilization (IVF) performed at the Maternity unit of Hôpital Tenon, Paris, between January and June 1981 are reported. To collect a pre-ovulatory ovocyte by follicular puncture through laparoscopy requires extremely accurate monitoring of ovulation to make sure that the ovocyte collected has completed its nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation in vivo. The criteria for puncture time are the beginning of LH plasma peak level in spontaneous cycles and injection of HCG in stimulated cycles. In this series the ovocyte collection rate was 60% on average. Failures were mostly due to the local status of the genital tract in the women selected for attempted IVF, since all of them had permanent tubal sterility consecutive to severe pelvic inflammatory lesions. The percentage of ovocytes found to be mature was higher in spontaneous than in stimulated cycles. Out of 13 pre-ovulatory ovocytes collected, 8 were fertilized in vitro. Four could be transferred into the uterus, resulting in two pregnancies which had to be interrupted at an early stage. IVF demands full availability of the surgical and laboratory teams concerned.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Evaluation of the fertility of human sperm by interspecies (man-hamster) in vitro fertilization].

An "in vitro" fertilization test employing zona-free hamster eggs was used to analyse human spermatozoal fertilizing ability. Sperms from 28 men (group 1) whose wives were candidates for "in vitro" fertilization and embryo transfer, and from 5 men belonging to infertile couples (group 2), were evaluated for their ability to penetrate and decondense in zona-free hamster ova. All men had spermiograms in the normal range. A total of 529 eggs were inseminated with spermatozoa from group 1 and the fertilization rate was found to range from 8% to 100% with an average of 57.5%. Of the 130 ova tested with sperm from group 2 individuals, only one showed any evidence of penetration. The fertilization rate and the degree of polyspermy failed to show a significant correlation with sperm concentration in the ejaculate or motility. This cross-species system is a useful additional test to the classic spermiogram and may have a potential value as a diagnostic tool in evaluating human spermatozoal fertilizing capacity, avoiding the ethical and logistical problems associated with fertilization of human eggs "in vitro".

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Maturation and in vitro fertilisation of human oocytes recovered after spontaneous ovulation or after induction of ovulation by use of gonadotrophins (preliminary results) (author's transl)].

Maturation and/or in vitro fertilisation of human oocytes was carried out on 70 oocytes recovered from 56 young women who had normal periods and were having laparoscopy for tubal sterility. Five oocytes were recovered in the pre-ovulatory phase of spontaneous cycles by the use of ultrasound determination of follicular growth and the presence of an LH peak estimated from urine levels. 65 oocytes were obtained by puncture of follicules that had been stimulated using HMG/HCG 32-36 hours after HCG had been injected. 66 per cent of these eggs showed signs of degeneration before culture. The immature oocytes which were cultured for 42-46 hours at 36 degrees C with or without gonadotrophins underwent meoisis in 80 per cent of cases and 41 per cent expelled their first polar body. None of these oocytes could be fertilised in vitro, whereas 50 per cent of the oocytes that were recovered in metaphase II and fertilised in vitro had reached the stage of pronuclei 20 hours later. Ultrastructural and cytogenic studies will be carried out to ascertain the quality of these eggs before any attempt is made to reimplant.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Anomaly of the nuclear maturation in vitro of golden hamster oocytes].

Nuclear anomalies were observed during maturation in vitro of golden hamster oocytes, as follows: 1) In 33 p. cent of oocytes, the axis of the first meiotic division spindle was oriented incorrectly. This leads either to the formation of "large" polar bodies or to non-expulsion of the polar body if the spindle occupied a central instead of peripherical position. 2) Triploidy was observed in 0.3 p. cent of the oocytes which accomplished their maturation and fertilization in vitro. 3) Two rare anomalies--reconstitution of the nucleus after expulsion of the first polar body and formation of two second division spindles--appeared to be due to degenerescence of the oocytes in culture.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[12 cases of polycystic ovary type 1 (Stein-Leventhal syndrome): complete hormonal study (author's transl)].

Twelve patients with clinic and anatomic features of polycystic ovary syndrome type 1 were investigated for gonadotropic and androgenic functions. Basal LH level was 3 times higher than in normal women in the beginning of follicular phase (16,2 +/- 3,0 mUI/ml). After LH-RH stimulation (100 microgram), peak LH level was excessively high (70 +/- 10 mUI/ml) whereas FSH was normal. Clomiphen citrate (100 mg X 5 days) was followed in all cases by temperature ascension and biologic evidence of luteinisation. Four pregnancies were obtained. Plasma androstenedione was elevated in most cases (320 +/- 30 ng/ml) with elevated urinary androstanediol (80 +/- 20 microgram/24 h.) These elevated levels were strikingly reduced in all cases after ethinyl-estradiol, 50 microgram X 20 days. Physiopathologic hypothesis consistent with these results are discussed.

Androstane-3,17-diol↗
PubMed1977

[Infertility of the hamster oocyte having matured in vitro].

The comparative study of fertilization, with the same sperm sample, of in vitro matured oocytes and freshly ovulated ones, shows a new aspect of mammalian oocyte maturation. While 80% of freshly ovulated oocytes are fertilized, in vitro matured eggs are not fertilizable. They present the ability to be penetrated by spermatozoa 4 to 6 hrs. only after HCG injection. This is therefore not on tubal influence but depends on an oocyte specific factor which appears during the end of intrafollicular maturation.

Animals↗