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Biomedical subjects

J Mamo

Publications and source records attributed to J Mamo.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2007

The magnitude and distribution of infectious intestinal disease in Malta: a population-based study.

Routine sources of information on infectious intestinal disease (IID) capture a fraction of the actual disease burden. Population studies are required to measure the burden of illness. A retrospective age-stratified cross-sectional telephone study was carried out in Malta in order to estimate the magnitude and distribution of IID at population level. A random sample of 3504 persons was interviewed by a structured questionnaire between April 2004 and December 2005. The response rate was 99.7%. From the study, the observed standardized monthly prevalence was 3.18% (95% CI 0.7-5.74) with 0.421 (95% CI 0.092-0.771) episodes of IID per person per year. The monthly prevalence was higher in the <5 years age group and in females aged 31-44 years. The mean duration of illness was 6.8 days and a median duration of 3 days. A bimodal seasonal distribution was observed with peaks in June-July and October-November.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Challenges in identifying the methodology to estimate the prevalence of infectious intestinal disease in Malta.

Routine surveillance systems capture only a fraction of infectious intestinal disease (IID) that is actually occurring in the community. Different methodologies utilized among various international studies in the field were reviewed in order to devise an appropriate survey to obtain current estimates of prevalence of IID in Malta. An age-stratified retrospective cross-sectional telephone study was selected for the study due to its feasibility in terms of limited resources necessary (funds, time and human). The disadvantages of this type of study include the inherent biases such as selection bias (sampling, ascertainment and participation bias) and information bias (recall and observer bias). A pilot study was carried out using a random age-stratified sample of 100 persons over a 3-month period. A total of 5.0% (95% CI +/-4.27) of the population was estimated to have suffered from IID during that period. This estimate was used in order to assist in sample size calculations for a large-scale community study. It also served to test the survey instrument and methodology and to identify operational problems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Polyphenolics and fat absorption.

OBJECTIVES: To elucidate whether the acute consumption of red wine polyphenolic compounds regulates lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in dyslipidemic postmenopausal women. DESIGN: Eight dyslipidemic postmenopausal women each consumed a mixed meal accompanied by either water, dealcoholized red wine or alcoholic red wine on three separate visits, in a random order, 2 weeks apart. One fasting and six hourly postmeal blood samples were taken and analyzed for plasma apolipoprotein B48 (apoB48; specific marker of chylomicrons (CM) and their remnants (CMR)); total-, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol; triglycerides (TAG); insulin and glucose at each time point. RESULTS: There was a decrease in postprandial apoB48 levels after alcoholic and nonalcoholic red wine consumption compared to water. CONCLUSION: Red wine attenuates postprandial CM and CMR levels in plasma, possibly by delaying the absorption of dietary fat, as suggested by a decrease in plasma apoB48 levels. The reduction of postprandial lipoproteins in circulation after red wine consumption may partly explain the low cardiovascular mortality rates among the French.

Apolipoprotein B-48↗
PubMed1990

Successful control of atonic primary postpartum haemorrhage and prevention of hysterectomy, using i.v. prostaglandin E2.

Primary postpartum haemorrhage remains an important cause of maternal mortality and morbidity in England and Wales, despite the fact that avoidable causes can be identified in more than half the cases. The management of this potentially dangerous condition has been considered to be far from satisfactory. Conventional methods of management include the administration of oxytocin and ergometrine, and the use of bimanual compression. If these methods fail, surgical intervention, such as ligation of the hypogastric or internal iliac artery or even a hysterectomy, may be necessary. The full therapeutic potential of prostaglandin E2 in the management of atonic postpartum haemorrhage has not been widely recognised, even though it has been used successfully. We report one such case of atonic postpartum haemorrhage in which IV infusion of prostaglandin E2 was used with favourable results after conservative methods failed, thus avoiding a hysterectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Very-low-density lipoprotein triglyceride kinetics in acute and chronic carbohydrate-fed rats.

Very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-triglyceride (TG) kinetics were examined in rats maintained on either chow and water (control) or chow and a 10% carbohydrate drinking solution (fructose or glucose). The hexose solutions were available for an acute (16 h) or chronic (14 day) period. The acute fructose (AF), acute glucose (AG), and chronic fructose (CF) groups were hypertriglyceridemic (HTG) compared with control. Plasma TG concentration in chronic glucose (CG)-fed rats was similar to control. VLDL-TG was endogenously radiolabeled in donor rats with [2-3H]-glycerol. The fractional catabolic rate (FCR) was then determined by monitoring the clearance of plasma [3H]VLDL-TG in recipient animals. Donors and recipients were treated in an identical manner. AF and CF groups had an FCR significantly lower than rats given glucose for comparable periods. Both fructose groups and the AG group also had a lower FCR than control. In contrast, FCR in the CG group was significantly higher than controls. TG production rate (TGPR) in both AF and CF fed rats did not significantly differ from controls, suggesting that the HTG observed in these animals was solely from a catabolic defect. AG- and CG-treated glucose animals both had TGPR significantly higher than controls. Therefore, overproduction of VLDL-TG contributed to the HTG associated with this carbohydrate.

Animals↗