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Biomedical subjects

J M Thompson

Publications and source records attributed to J M Thompson.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Inadvertent contamination of anaesthetic circuits with halothane.

All halothane vaporizers tested for leakage when turned off, leaked significant amounts of halothane and this may represent a hazard to patients liable to develop halothane hepatitis or malignant hyperpyrexia. The hazard from leaking vaporizers may be reduced considerably by the use of well-designed bypass units. Circuit contamination by halothane may still result from such sources as neoprene seals around flowmeters, breathing bags and anaesthetic hose which have had previous contact with halothane vapour, whether or not an apparatus is in use. The hazard from contaminated hoses and bags may be reduced considerably by washing and then hanging in a halothane-free atmosphere for a day. The hazard from contamined rubber or plastic components of the anaesthetic machine can be eliminated only by using one apparatus without the vaporizers having been attached at any time during its working life. Similarly, hazards may arise from trichloroethylene vaporizers and from circuit components contaminated with trichloroethylene.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed1976

The relation between the excretion of sodium and water and the perfusion pressure in the isolated, blood-perfused, rabbit kidney, with special reference to changes occurring in clip-hypertension.

1. The sodium and water excretion rates of rabbit kidneys were studied when isolated and perfused at known pressure with blood from another normal anaesthetized rabbit. Studies at several different perfusion pressures confirmed that a small rise in perfusion pressure caused a large rise in sodium excretion and that the potential sodium-excreting ability of the isolated kidney was high. The curve obtained could be closely fitted by a quadratic equation which allowed an estimate to be made of the blood pressure below which no urine is formed, i.e. the 'theoretical perfusion pressure threshold'. For normal kidneys this was 55-4 mmHg. 2. A group of rabbits had a silver clip applied to the left renal artery and, 3-6 weeks later, the eight most hypertensive animals were selected to provide their kidneys for perfusion. Both kidneys were perfused simultaneously. The clip on the left renal artery was removed immediately before perfusion and the cannula placed distal to the stenosis in the post-stenotic dilatation. The function curves of these kidneys were compared with the curves obtained from normal kidneys. 3. The untouched kidney contralateral to the clip was found to require a significantly higher perfusion pressure (71-7 mmHg) for it to achieve a given sodium excretion rate and, surprisingly, the clipped kidney showed a similar functional change (76-4 mmHg). In other words the positions of both function curves were shifted though their slopes were not much changed. 4. Both kidneys in single-clip-hypertension appear to adapt or reset their sodium excretory behaviour. The resetting in the untouched kidney allows hypertension to be sustained without undue sodium loss. Aldosterone probably contributes little to the resetting. We infer, indirectly, that the normal kidney may, to a significant extent, restrain sodium excretion by virtue of its sympathetic innervation. We also opine that the kidney cannot be assigned fixed intrinsic functional properties on which a renal sodium-handling theory of long-term blood pressure regulation can be firmly based.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Pertinence and precision in pollution measurements.

A new approach for the study of the pollution of operating theatre atmospheres by volatile anaesthetic agents is described. Disadvantages of earlier work are discussed together with ways in which they may be overcome. Some pitfalls in analysis, sampling and standardization are indicated and some hazards of incorrect data interpretation are shown. The need for a cautious and critical attitude is emphasized.

Air Pollution↗
PubMed1976

Pancuronium binding by serum proteins.

Pancuronium has not been suspected of binding to serum proteins. Experimental evidence is presented of strong binding to gamma globulin, and of moderate binding to albumin. No evidence could be found of binding to alpha of beta globulin fractions. Less than 13% of a dose in the clinical range would be unbound and active.

Alpha-Globulins↗
PubMed1976

Second primary lung carcinoma.

Ffity-five patients suffering from second primary lung carcinoma, 10 synchronous and 45 after resection for lung carcinoma (metachronous), have been observed from 1400 resections. The first manifestation of a second carcinoma in this series has always been the appearance of a new shadow in the follow-up radiograph. In our experience, second primary lung carcinoma is a disease affecting only heavy cigarette smokers. Heavy cigarette smokers suffering from squamous-cell carcinoma are at special risk. The results of re-operation, the significance of the time interval between the original operation and the appearance of the second primary carcinoma, and the slow growth rate of some second primaries are briefly discussed. No clear-cut methods exist for distinguishing a second primary from a metastasis from the original carcinoma.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1975

Inhibition of experimental deoxyribonucleic acid virus-induced encephalitis by 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosylhypoxanthine 5'-monophosphate.

9-beta-d-Arabinofuranosylhypoxanthine 5'-monophosphate (ara-HxMP) significantly controlled the development of encephalitis produced by deoxyribonucleic acid viruses in mice. In most experiments the activities of ara-HxMP and 9-beta-d-arabinofuranosyladenine (ara-A) were determined simultaneously. In the intracerebral (target organ) and intravenous therapy experiments, ara-HxMP had a pronounced advantage over ara-A since the water solubility of ara-HxMP enabled it to be used in much higher concentrations. In experiments where the two drugs were administered intraperitoneally or orally they exhibited similar activity. In several intraperitoneal therapy experiments ara-HxMP was tested alone, using various treatment schedules and dosages. In these experiments, efficacy was observed in groups that had treatments initiated as late as 72 h after virus inoculation.

Animals↗