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Biomedical subjects

J M Russell

Publications and source records attributed to J M Russell.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Epidemiology of psychiatric disorders in Edmonton. Mania.

3258 randomly selected household residents of Edmonton, Alberta were interviewed by trained lay interviewers using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS). The lifetime prevalence of mania was 0.6%, for both sexes combined. Lifetime morbidity risk was 1.4% for men and 0.6% for women. The mean age of onset was 20 years of age for both men and women. Ninety-five percent of bipolar individuals had had their first onset by age 26, and less than 5% had their onset before the age of 10. The mean number of manic episodes was 23. Comorbidity with other disorders occurred in 92% of the manic subjects. Depression (62%), alcohol abuse (45%), substance abuse (35%), and phobias (54%) had an increased lifetime prevalence in individuals with a history of a manic episode(s).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Epidemiology of psychiatric disorders in Edmonton. Drug abuse and dependence.

3258 randomly selected adult household residents of Edmonton were interviewed by trained lay interviewers using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS). The lifetime prevalence of drug abuse/dependence was 6.9%, with a male:female ratio of 3:1. The most commonly used drug was cannabis followed by amphetamines, opiates, barbiturates, hallucinogens and cocaine. 80.3% of those with drug abuse/dependence also had a lifetime diagnosis of another psychiatric disorder. In those with a comorbid diagnosis, the mean age of onset for the other psychiatric disorder was generally found to be younger than for the onset of drug abuse/dependence. Different comorbid disorders were found to significantly affect patterns of drug use.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Quality control of bacterial enumeration.

Standard bacterial suspensions can be used to assess test method performance, via control charts, and inhibition of recovery when analyzing water samples. Variability in standard suspensions prepared from different strains and species and the use of frozen environmental samples for quality control for spore and bacteriophage analyses are also discussed.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1993

Management of genital herpes by genitourinary physicians: does experience or doctor's gender influence clinical management?

OBJECTIVE: To determine the variation in management of genital herpes by genitourinary physicians, and whether their duration of experience or gender influence their clinical management. METHODS: A postal questionnaire was sent to UK consultant genitourinary physicians with detailed questions about management of primary and recurrent herpes. The gender and duration of genitourinary medicine experience of the physicians were also recorded. RESULTS: One hundred and eighty two questionnaires were sent, 112 (62%) returned. Eighty-one (72%) physicians treat all patients with primary genital herpes, but physicians with more than 20 years experience were significantly (p < 0.05) more likely to treat only "severe" primary attacks. Most experienced physicians were also most likely (p < 0.05) to prescribe topical acyclovir. Prescription of suppressive acyclovir was also influenced by the experience of the physician, the least experienced physicians being more likely to prescribe to patients who were HIV antibody positive or to those entering new relationships, whereas the more experienced prescribed to those patients who were particularly anxious (p < 0.05 for each of these). Male physicians were significantly more likely to agree with the proposition that men cope better with genital herpes (54%) than female physicians (24%, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The response to the questionnaire illustrates that management of genital herpes is influenced by the duration of the physicians clinical experience. Gender of the physician may have an indirect role to play as we have shown that physicians differ in their perception of how the sexes cope with genital herpes.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1992

Initial combination chemotherapy with cisplatin, methotrexate and vinblastine in locally advanced transitional cell carcinoma--response rate and pitfalls. MRC Subgroup in Advanced Bladder Cancer (on behalf of the MRC Urological Working Party).

A total of 51 patients with locally advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder were entered into a phase II study to evaluate the effect of initial cisplatin (100 mg/m2, Day 2) combined with methotrexate (30 mg/m2, Days 1 and 8) and vinblastine (4 mg/m2, Days 1 and 8). Of 44 evaluable patients, 25 (57%) achieved an objective response of their primary bladder tumour (complete response (CR): 4 patients; partial response (PR): 21 patients); 30 of the 36 patients with micturition disturbances obtained relief. Toxicity was acceptable, but dose modifications due to haematological or renal toxicity were required in 153 of the 690 drug courses. Non-protocol dose modifications were performed 45 times. The experience gained in this trial emphasises the need for improved co-operation between urologists, radiologists and clinical oncologists in such multicentre phase II studies. Difficulties were observed in adhering to dose modification rules, assessing pre-treatment tumour size (due to variation in quality of measure and in timing relative to initial transurethral resection (TUR)) and defining response to chemotherapy (due to failure to perform mandatory investigations at the right time). This study also illustrates that the accepted criteria for assessing response in the primary bladder tumour are difficult to apply in practice and that the results of any study using this indicator lesion require caution in their interpretation.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Identification of the phosphorylation sites in elongation factor-2 from rabbit reticulocytes.

The sites in eukaryotic elongation factor eEF-2 phosphorylated by the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent eEF-2 kinase in vitro have been identified. The kinase catalysed the rapid incorporation of one mol of phosphate per mol eEF-2 and the slower incorporation of a second mol. All the phosphorylation sites in eEF-2 are contained in the CNBr fragment corresponding to residues 22-155. Tryptic digestion of phosphorylated eEF-2 yielded 3 phosphopeptides, one being unique to monophosphorylated eEF-2. The phosphorylation sites were identified as threonine residues 56 and 58, the former being more rapidly phosphorylated. Ala-Gly-Glu-Thr-Phe-Thr56-Asp-Thr58-Arg. The same sites are labelled in eEF-2 isolated from reticulocyte lysates.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Florid refractory schizophrenias that turn out to be treatable variants of HLA-associated narcolepsy.

Narcolepsy in which the hallucinatory component is unusually prominent may lead to the development of an illness indistinguishable from the schizophrenic syndrome. Psychotic symptoms dominate the symptomatology, so that the primary illness is obscured. Five patients are described for whom conventional antipsychotic drugs were ineffectual, but for whom treatment with stimulants produced substantial improvement. The diagnosis of narcolepsy was confirmed by Human Leukocyte Antigen typing and sleep laboratory testing. These results support the "REM intrusion" hypothesis of the causation of schizophrenia in as many as 7% of a series of schizophrenic patients. Implications for diagnosis and treatment are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Successful methods for arterial blood gas interpretation.

Understanding acid-base disturbances is essential in the care of the critically ill patient. Through a systematic evaluation of patient symptoms and arterial blood gas values, patient care can be improved. These formulas can be effective tools for the nurse to use in the care of patients with acid-base imbalances.

Blood Gas Analysis↗
PubMed1990

Type IV flexor digitorum profundus avulsion.

Flexor digitorum profundus avulsions, are well-documented injuries occasionally associated with a distal phalanx fragment. While the injury may involve primarily either tendon or bone, a rarely observed variant combines both tendon and bone avulsions. A type IV variant seen after two sequential injuries is described.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Osmotic stimulation of Na(+)-K(+)-Cl- cotransport in squid giant axon is [Cl-]i dependent.

The effects of increasing extracellular osmolality on unidirectional Cl- fluxes through the Na(+)-K(+)-Cl- cotransporter were studied in internally dialyzed squid giant axons. Hyperosmotic seawater stimulated bumetanide-sensitive Cl-influx at 150 mM intracellular Cl- concentration ([Cl-]i), whereas Cl- efflux was unaffected under comparable ionic conditions. Stimulation of bumetanide-sensitive Cl- influx was proportional to the increase in extracellular osmolality. Bumetanide-sensitive Cl- influx began to increase after a latency of approximately 20 min after a stepwise increase of extracellular osmolality and continued to increase for at least 70 min. The increased bumetanide-sensitive Cl- influx measured after 65 min of exposure to hyperosmotic external fluid was a function of the intracellular Cl- concentration; stimulation by hyperosmotic external fluids was observed at physiological [Cl-]i levels (greater than 100 mM) but not at lower [Cl-]i levels. Under both normo- and hyperosmotic conditions, intracellular Cl- inhibited Na(+)-K(+)-Cl- cotransport influx in a concentration-dependent manner. However, in hyperosmotic seawater, the dose dependence of inhibition by intracellular Cl- was shifted to higher [Cl-]i values. Therefore, we conclude that hyperosmotic extracellular fluids stimulate influx via the Na(+)-K(+)-Cl- cotransport by resetting the relation between [Cl-]i and transport activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Binding of bumetanide to microsomes from optic ganglia of the squid, Loligo pealei.

Saturable high-affinity binding of [3H] bumetanide [dissociation constant (KD) = 80 nM] was measured in microsomal membranes prepared from squid optic ganglia. Under control conditions, the maximal specific binding of labeled bumetanide (Bmax) was approximately 6-7 pmol/mg protein. Binding had a higher relative affinity for bumetanide than for furosemide and depended on the presence of Cl- and K+, but not Na+, in the incubation media. In the case of K+, [3H]bumetanide binding was half-saturated at [K+] = 100 mM. The Cl- effect was biphasic. At [Cl-] between 0 and 150 mM, [3H]bumetanide binding increased with increasing [Cl-]. However, when [Cl-] was increased above 150 mM, [3H]bumetanide binding was progressively reduced. ATP acted as a nonessential activator [mean affinity constant (K0.5) approximately 1 microM] of the ion-dependent [3H]bumetanide binding by increasing the apparent binding capacity. The activation by ATP did not require Mg2+. Other adenosine analogues also stimulated the binding of bumetanide.

Adenine Nucleotides↗
PubMed1990

Self-medication by women attending a genitourinary medicine clinic.

A questionnaire was completed by 103 symptomatic women attending a busy, walk-in genitourinary medicine clinic in London before seeing a doctor. This questionnaire asked about the patients' own diagnosis of symptoms, previous remedies and their source. The answers were compared to their past history and current diagnosis. Of symptomatic women 56% had used a self-administered remedy prior to attending the clinic. This was significantly associated with a history of a previous episode of genital infection which had produced similar symptoms to the current problem. Forty-three percent of those who used self-medication reported some improvement in symptoms and more than 50% tolerated longer than 10 days of symptoms before attending the clinic.

Female↗
PubMed1989

Familial aggregation of blood pressure and anthropometric variables in patrilocal households.

Fifty-three households in a small Indian fishing community were surveyed for blood pressure, pulse rate, and anthropometric measurements (height, weight, and three skinfolds). In addition to nuclear family relationships, correlations for extended family members and in-laws living within a common household were estimated by maximum likelihood. Based on likelihood ratio tests, the hypothesis that correlations among genetically unrelated pairs from the same household are zero is rejected for systolic blood pressure. Among genetically related individuals, the degree of relationship does not affect the magnitude of the blood pressure correlations. For the anthropometric measurements, family resemblance is significant only for first-degree relatives, except that the correlation for uncle-child pairs is significant for subscapular skinfold, and brother-in-law-sister-in-law pairs resemble each other for height and weight. The results suggest that common household environment is a significant determinant of blood pressure but not fatness in this population.

Blood Pressure↗