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Biomedical subjects

J M Jones

Publications and source records attributed to J M Jones.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

A case report and description of the pharmacokinetic behavior of intrapleurally instilled etoposide.

Etoposide, at a dosage of 100 mg/m2 (156 mg in 250 ml 0.154 M NaCl), was instilled through a thoracostomy tube into the left pleural cavity of a 60-year-old woman with diffuse histiocytic lymphoma and a refractory, recurrent, malignant left pleural effusion. Etoposide concentrations in plasma and pleural cavity fluid were measured by a reverse-phase HPLC system with a C18-reverse phase column, a mobile phase of methanol: H2O (55:45) pumped at 1.2 ml/min, and detection by absorbance at 254 nm. Pleurodesis was successfully accomplished by this maneuver and there were no adverse clinical consequences. Absorption of etoposide from the pleural cavity was slow (approximately 0.2 ml/min). The pleural cavity exposure to etoposide, as measured by the area under the curve, was 46 times greater than if a similar dose had been given IV. Conversely, systemic exposure to etoposide, as assessed by plasma AUC, was less than 50% that associated with IV injection of a similar dose.

Absorption↗
PubMed1985

Bile exclusion from the duodenum. Its effect on gastric and pancreatic function in the dog.

The effect of diverting bile from the duodenum in four dogs with cholecystojejunostomy was studied using a double-marker perfusion technique. After the diversion procedure, a liquid meal increased acid secretion from 0.8 mmol H+/min to 1.48 mmol H+/min (P less than 0.05, paired t test); there was an associated rise in serum levels of gastrin 120 min after feeding (P less than 0.001, paired t test). Pancreatic secretion of trypsin decreased from 3.91 IU/min to 2.66 IU/min after bile diversion (P less than 0.01, paired t test), and the level of CCK was significantly lower 60 min after feeding (P less than 0.05, paired t test). There was no significant change in the rate of gastric emptying after bile diversion, but the pH of duodenal contents was lower in the later stages of digestion. These changes may explain the reported increase of peptic ulcer after diverting bile from the duodenum, and the procedure should not be considered unless the consequences of acid hypersecretion and pancreatic inhibition have been anticipated.

Amylases↗
PubMed1985

Solitary pulmonary nodule due to Cryptococcus neoformans and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

This report describes a rare combined infection of Cryptococcus neoformans and Mycobacterium tuberculosis that manifested as a solitary pulmonary nodule in a nonimmunocompromised patient. Transthoracic needle aspiration biopsy was initially nondiagnostic, and histopathologic and culture confirmation of the diagnosis was eventually attained after wedge resection of the nodule. An extensive review of the English literature failed to reveal any reported cases of such a combined infection with a similar clinical presentation. The variable morphologic features of C. neoformans in tissue sections and the protean histologic features of pulmonary cryptococcosis can lead to diagnostic difficulties, as illustrated by this case.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1985

A 78-kilobase region of mouse chromosome 3 contains salivary and pancreatic amylase genes and a pseudogene.

Genetic studies have demonstrated that salivary and pancreatic amylase genes are closely linked in human and mouse. To analyze the arrangement of genes within the amylase cluster, a library of YBR mouse genomic DNA was cloned in the cosmid vector pJB8. Clones containing amylase genes were identified by hybridization with amylase cDNA probes. Salivary and pancreatic amylase genes were isolated on separate cosmid clones, but no overlapping clones were evident from the initial screening. A strategy for the rapid isolation of terminal noncoding fragments from the cosmid clones was developed. By using these terminal fragments for chromosome "walking," a map of 78 kilobases of the amylase gene region was constructed. The salivary and pancreatic amylase genes are present within this region in the same 5'-to-3' orientation, separated by 22 kilobases of genomic DNA. A truncated amylase pseudogene is located 10 kilobases downstream from the pancreatic amylase gene.

Amylases↗
PubMed1985

Survey of women veterinarians in New Zealand. Part I: patterns of work.

A survey was undertaken to ascertain the extent to which women veterinarians in New Zealand were employing their veterinary skills, and to identify some of the factors which affect women;s ability or choice to work full-time in their profession. Replies were received from 115 of 140 women registered by the New Zealand Veterinary Surgeons Board. Women in full-time veterinary employment at the time of the survey made up 63% of the sample, 19% were employed part-time, and 18% were not working. Women with children on average had worked as veterinary surgeons proportionately less time since qualification than either single women or women with no children. Women with children worked in their profession for a significantly greater proportion of time if they had both emotional and physical support in the home. Women who employed paid household help were in a minority in the sample. The distribution of women in different fields of veterinary employment was similar to that of a similar sized sample of men. The main reasons women gave for reducing their work level were pregnancy and lactation, difficulties in combining professional work with family commitments, a desire to spend time with children at home, and difficulty in finding a suitable position.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1985

Combined ketoconazole and amphotericin B treatment of acute disseminated histoplasmosis in a renal allograft recipient.

We have reported the first case of successful treatment of disseminated histoplasmosis in a renal allograft recipient using a short course (14 days) of amphotericin B in combination with prolonged therapy (161 days) with ketoconazole. This regimen should decrease the risk of antibiotic induced nephrotoxicity, but it requires further study. Five days of treatment with ketoconazole alone was ineffective in our patient's infection. Our protocol might not be as efficacious in patients who are more profoundly immunocompromised, eg, bone marrow allograft recipients. Because relapse of histoplasmosis may occur as long as nine years after treatment, immunocompromised patients being treated with ketoconazole must have close long-term clinical follow-up.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

Detection of a Trichosporon beigelii antigen cross-reactive with Cryptococcus neoformans capsular polysaccharide in serum from a patient with disseminated Trichosporon infection.

Latex beads coated with anti-Cryptococcus neoformans antibody were agglutinated by serum from a bone marrow transplant recipient having a disseminated infection caused by Trichosporon beigelii. The cryptococcal latex agglutination titer in the serum of the patient rose to 1:2,560 by the time of his death. Necropsy confirmed the disseminated Trichosporon infection and absence of C. neoformans. Cell wall extracts of the isolate of the patient and two additional strains of T. beigelii agglutinated anti-Cryptococcus-coated latex beads. The antigen in the serum of the patient and in the extracts responsible for the agglutination was not destroyed by proteolytic enzymes or heat. A single antigen reactive with rabbit anti-Trichosporon serum could be identified in the serum of the patient and the cell wall extracts by rocket immunoelectrophoresis and crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Rocket immunoelectrophoresis and indirect fluorescent-antibody staining demonstrated that anti-Trichosporon antibody recognized the capsular polysaccharide of C. neoformans.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Ultrastructural characterization of pulmonary neoplasms. II. The role of electron microscopy in characterization of uncommon epithelial pulmonary neoplasms, metastatic neoplasms to and from lung, and other tumors, including mesenchymal neoplasms.

Ultrastructural analysis through better resolution adds significant information to the evaluation and classification of primary pulmonary neoplasms. Light microscopy is limited in the evaluation of lung neoplasms. In some cases the light microscopic appearance may be entirely misleading, whereas in others it is inconclusive. Immunocytochemistry provides information on cytoplasmic differentiation of various tumors and hence more data on their corresponding phenotypes. The data from immunocytochemistry without corresponding objective electron microscopic evaluation may be very difficult to interpret. Correlation of historical, gross, light, electron microscopic, and immunocytochemical data is essential for a final accurate diagnosis (fig. 20). Fine needle aspiration of pulmonary neoplasms is becoming very fashionable and a diagnosis, including type of neoplasm, is expected on the basis of examination of a limited number of cells which further emphasizes the importance of ultrastructural characterization in helping to establish an accurate diagnosis [63-69]. The current classification of pulmonary neoplasms may need to be modified in the near future to incorporate the newly created data [70-72]. At the present time, there appears to be, at least, a need for a 'double standard', as Sobin [73] has suggested, which would permit the evaluation of the biologic significance of the ultrastructural and immunocytochemical findings (as applied to classification of neoplasms) in an effort to derive meaningful clinicopathologic correlations. Figure 20 emphasizes the additive role which should be played by the various diagnostic modalities to enable a morphologic assessment which would be an accurate predictor of biologic behavior. With an accurate assessment of biologic behavior, a more appropriate and rational approach for therapy is possible. There is also an important role for ultrastructural analysis in metastatic pleural and pulmonary neoplasms, primarily adenocarcinomas, as well as in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary neoplasms versus other tumors that may be similar in histological appearance. The role of ultrastructure in mesenchymal neoplasms is also crucial in defining specific neoplastic cell populations and in some cases in the differentiation from other non-mesenchymal tumors. It seems that routine electron microscopic examination of pulmonary neoplasms provides additional information that may be of great value in the management of patients and in understanding the differentiation, and perhaps histogenesis, of pulmonary neoplasms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Phenylbutazone-induced systemic vasculitis with crescentic glomerulonephritis.

Two patients had phenylbutazone-induced systemic vasculitis syndrome. Both presented with acute oliguric renal failure, and renal biopsies showed severe crescentic glomerulonephritis with marked interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration. Withdrawal of phenylbutazone and treatment with immunosuppressives and plasma exchange led to recovery of renal function in one case.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1984

Genetic amniocentesis in seventy twin pregnancies.

Genetic amniocenteses were performed in 70 twin pregnancies over an 11-year period. Both sacs were successfully sampled in 49 of 62 patients (79%). The success rate was decreased (68%) with two placentas (anterior and posterior) and was improved with gestational age greater than or equal to 17 weeks (88%) and with ultrasound visualization of the septum (86%). Of three spontaneous abortions, two were attributed to amniocentesis (chorioamnionitis). When twin pregnancy is diagnosed in a patient with an indication for genetic amniocentesis, a careful reevaluation and discussion of risk factors with the couple are recommended.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Effects of staphylococcal protein A on distribution of immune complexes in rats and uptake by phagocytic cells.

Immune complexes (IC) of 125I-P30 anti-P30 when injected iv into normal BN rats were primarily sequestered in the spleen. Protein A (PA) when mixed with IC or when injected 6 hr before or after IC inhibited significantly the deposition of IC in the spleen. PA also inhibited deposition of IC in spleens of nude rats which lack thymus-dependent cells and functions. In vitro, PA enhanced significantly the uptake and catabolism of IC by PMN, but inhibited the uptake of IC by macrophages. This differential effect of PA on PMN and macrophages may partially explain the effect of PA on the deposition of IC in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

A multivariate analysis of factors affecting survival in patients with high-grade histology non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

One hundred and eleven patients with advanced-stage, high-grade histology non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were studied over a 7-yr period and were treated with one form of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Multivariate analyses were carried out to identify factors which could predict a favourable prognosis. A complete response, low serum LDH and absence of clinical evidence of liver involvement were associated with long-term survival. The presence of 'B' symptoms, bone marrow involvement, low serum albumin and male sex predicted a reduced chance of achieving a complete remission. For those patients who achieved a complete response, the subdivision of histologies, particularly according to the Kiel classification, was the only significant factor predictive of prolonged relapse-free and overall survival. This confirms the importance of identifying different histological subgroups of lymphoma when considering treatment planning.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Effects of trimethyltin on the immune system of rats.

Treatment with trimethyltin (TMT) induced atrophy of the thymus, spleen and lymph nodes within 2 days, but no changes in the bone marrow were observed. Atrophy of thymus and spleen did not occur in adrenal-ectomized rats treated with TMT. Antibody responses to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) and proliferative responses of spleen lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (ConA) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were suppressed significantly in treated rats. Delayed hypersensitivity to oxazalone, natural killer (NK) cell activity and the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages (PEM) were not affected significantly.

Animals↗