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Biomedical subjects

J M Jackson

Publications and source records attributed to J M Jackson.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Inherited predisposition to iridocyclitis with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: selectivity among HLA-DR5 haplotypes.

HLA-DR5 is associated with a chronic iridocyclitis and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis with onset in early childhood. Previously published data provided indirect evidence for selective linkage between two HLA-B alleles and HLA-DR5. To test this observation further, 38 families, the probands of which have chronic iridocyclitis and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, were HLA typed so that haplotypes associated with disease could be established. HLA-DR5 was linked to HLA-Bw44 or to HLA-Bw35 and to HLA-Cw4 in the majority of haplotypes obtained in the probands. Both HLA-Bw44, -DR5 and HLA-Bw35, -Cw4, -DR5 occurred more commonly in the proband haplotypes than in the control haplotypes. The frequency of the haplotype HLA-Bw44, -DR5 was 0.133 compared with 0.007 (X2 = 27.04, P less than 10(-6] and for HLA-Bw35, -Cw4, -DR5, it was 0.093 compared with 0.11 (X2 = 13.83, P = 0.0002). The relative risks were 20.77 and 9.23, respectively, versus 3.52 for HLA-DR5 alone. HLA-Bw44 occurred much more commonly in proband HLA-DR5 haplotypes (0.455) compared with control HLA-DR5 haplotypes (0.067) (X2 = 8.26, P less than 0.01). Not all HLA-DR5-bearing haplotypes predisposed equally to chronic iridocyclitis and early-onset pauciarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

Arthritis, Juvenile↗
PubMed1983

Effects of subliminal stimulation of oneness fantasies on manifest pathology in male vs. female schizophrenics.

This study examined the effects of subliminally activated fantasies of oneness with each parent on the manifest pathology of schizophrenic men and women. Subjects were seen individually for three subliminal stimulation sessions on different days. In each session, measures of pathological thinking and pathological behavior were obtained for a "baseline" assessment before subliminal stimulation, and a "critical" assessment after subliminal stimulation. All subjects received, in counterbalanced order, the two subliminal oneness stimuli ("mommy and I are one" and "daddy and I are one" plus congruent pictures) and a neutral-control message ("people are walking" plus a congruent picture). At the end of the last session, each subject was given a family interview and a family picture test (a card from the CAT depicting three bears at a tug of war). The aim of these procedures was to allow for an exploration of the relationship between the schizophrenic's perception of his or her early experience with each parent and his or her response to each oneness stimulus. Results for symbiotic stimulation showed, as hypothesized: a) the "mommy" stimulus reduced pathological behavior in males but not in females; b) the "daddy" stimulus reduced pathological thinking in females but not in males. Results of the family interview and picture test indicated that the more the male subjects experienced active involvement with one parent, the more they reduced pathology after the oneness stimulus involving that parent, and the less they did so after the stimulus involving the other parent. These results were discussed and suggestions for future research were offered.

Fantasy↗
PubMed1983

Characterization of RNA synthesis in an Escherichia coli mutant with a temperature-sensitive lesion in stable RNA synthesis.

Previous experiments with Escherichia coli strain 2S142 have shown that the synthesis of stable RNA is preferentially blocked at the restrictive temperature. In this paper, we have examined the capacity of this mutant strain to synthesize RNA in vitro. Growth of the strain for as short a period as 10 min at 42 degrees C resulted in a 40 to 60% loss of RNA synthetic capacity and a fourfold decrease in percent rRNA synthesized in toluenized cell preparations. The time course for the loss and recovery of this RNA synthetic capacity correlated very well with the changes in RNA synthesis observed in vivo. We found no difference in temperature sensitivity of the purified RNA polymerase from the mutant and the parental strains. Moreover, there was no detectable alteration in the amount of enzyme, specific activity of the enzyme, or electrophoretic mobility of the subunits when the mutant strain was grown at 42 degrees C. The capacity for rRNA synthesis was also measured with the Zubay in vitro system (Reiness et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 72:2881-2885, 1975). Supernatant fractions (S-30) prepared from cells grown at 30 degrees C were capable of up to 31.2% rRNA synthesis, using phi 80d3 DNA as template. S-30 fractions from cells grown at 42 degrees C synthesized 8.6% rRNA. The bottom one-third of the S-100 fraction and the ribosomal salt wash from 30 degrees C cells contained one or more factors which partially restored preferential rRNA synthesis in S-30 fractions from cells grown at 42 degrees C. Preliminary evidence suggests that the factor(s) is protein in nature.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1983

Primary immunoglobulin deficiency and haematological disorders.

Nine patients with immunoglobulin deficiency and various haematological disorders are presented. In all patients, recurrent infections had antedated the onset of the haematological disorder but, in most, the possibility of primary immunodeficiency had not been considered until after the haematological diagnosis had been established. The recognition of immunodeficiency is important since such patients may require steroids, immunosuppressive therapy or splenectomy. Gammaglobulin would appear to be the appropriate therapy in this situation. Infections were reduced in all 6 patients so treated.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Metabolic studies with 'Nutrauxil', an enteral feed preparation.

A metabolic study was carried out in 6 patients requiring enteral feeding to investigate the effectiveness and tolerance of 'Nutrauxil', a ready-made liquid nutritional preparation, over a period of 8 days. The results of anthropometric and laboratory measurements, made initially and at the end of two 4-day periods, showed that the basic provision of 2000 kcal and 60 g protein per day with 'Nutrauxil' maintained patients in metabolic, electrolyte and nitrogen balance. No adverse effects were noted and the preparation was easy to administer. It was concluded that 'Nutrauxil' compared favourably with other enteral feed preparations with respect to its nutritional effectiveness on clinical, biochemical and economic grounds.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Cervical thymic cyst.

Thymic derivatives should be included in the differential diagnosis of cystic masses in the neck. A classification of thymic cysts is proposed: namely, true mixed or false. A thymic cyst may contain cholesterol crystals in the luminal fluid, cholesterol clefts, granulomas and lymphocytic follicles as well as Hassall corpuscles in the wall. Treatment consists of simple excision of the cyst and its tract. The thirty-fifth case of cervical thymic cyst in the English Literature is reported.

Child↗
PubMed1982

The role of propranolol therapy and proteinuria in the etiology of post renal transplantation hyperlipidemia.

The effects of propranolol and proteinuria on the fasting lipoprotein profiles of 33 male renal allograft recipients have been studied. By isolating the two variables by division of the patients into four groups according to propranolol dose and proteinuria, i.e. 1. propranolol = 0 mg/24 hr, proteinuria; less than 0.5 g/24 hr; 2. propranolol less than 0 mg/24 hr, proteinuria; less than 0.5 g/24 hr; 3. propranolol = 0 mg/24 hr, proteinuria; less than 0.5 g/24 hr; and 4. propranolol greater than 0 mg/24 hr, proteinuria; greater than 0.5 g/24 hr, it has been shown that propranolol treatment elevates the very low density lipoprotein triglyceride and decreases the high density lipoprotein cholesterol and that proteinuria (greater than 0.5 g/24 hr) increases low density lipoprotein cholesterol. The possible significance of these results in terms of transplantee management is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

The Oxfordshire mental handicap register.

A total of 2027 moderately or severely mentally handicapped people in Oxfordshire considered likely to require special services at some time have been identified for the Oxfordshire Mental Handicap Register. Prevalence rates for those aged 5 to 14 years are estimated to be 3.9 per 1000 home population and 4.14 per 1000 total population when hospital residents are included. Entry criteria are less strict than in other registers, however, and people are identified by general practitioners, health visitors, and hospital staff as well as through the more usual sources. The register is already proving useful when planning and providing services to those in need.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Passovoy factor deficiency in five Western Australian kindreds.

Passovoy factor deficiency, a coagulation abnormality affecting the intrinsic coagulation system, was discovered in 5 Western Australian kindreds. The defect is inherited as an autosomal dominant and is associated with a clinical bleeding tendency characterized by easy bruising and undue blood loss following trauma such as dental extraction and tonsillectomy. Fresh frozen plasma appears to provide effective prophylaxis during surgery. The activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) shows a prolongation which, in most patients, is of relatively slight degree, and this may be the reason for the paucity of reports in the literature. The discovery of 5 kindreds carrying the defect suggests that it may be relatively common in the Australian community and that care should be taken to identify and follow up minor grades of abnormality of the APTT where individuals suspected of having an inherited bleeding tendency are screened. A sample from one case was distributed, with a clinical history, to participants in the Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia 1980 Quality Assurance Programme in Haematology. Approximately one-third of 175 participants failed to detect the definite abnormality present.

Australia↗
PubMed1979

Ethylene oxide sterilisation--is it safe?

Tests show that ethylene oxide penetrates and can sterilise long narrow tubes in a hospital ethylene oxide steriliser. Residual ethylene oxide levels in plastic tubing after sterilisation have been estimated. Although initially the levels were very high, storage for four days at room temperature reduced them to a safe level. If adequate controls of the sterilising process and storage are carried out, sterilisation by ethylene oxide is considered to be safe for new plastics and clean equipment.

Ethylene Oxide↗
PubMed1979

Macrocytic anaemia.

Macrocytosis of red cells is now more easily and precisely detected in the laboratory by the adoption of electronic methods of cell volume measurement. This means the practitioner will be more frequently faced with the problem of what an elevated mean corpuscular volume (MCV) means. Macrocytic anaemia is not synonymous with folate or cobalamin deficiency, there being many causes of non-megaloblastic macrocytosis including excess alcohol, hypothyroidism, and liver disease. The commonest cause is blood regeneration as after a bleed, or in response to a haematinic or in haemolysis, as reticulocytes are large red cells and will raise the MCV. Megaloblastic anaemia, as in folate or cobalamin deficiency, has a normal or low reticulocyte count and a multiplicity of causes which must be identified as the cause may require treatment in its own right as well as the prescription of the required vitamin.

Anemia, Macrocytic↗
PubMed1978

The effects of monitoring the use of gentamicin in a community hospital.

This report describes the effect of a combined education and monitoring program on the use of gentamicin in a community hospital. The use of gentamicin was evaluated in 82 patients prior to an education program and in 80 patients after the education program. The results indicate that the attention focused on gentamicin by the study significantly improved the valid indications for treatment from 75% to 87% (p less than .05), increased the pretreatment use of bacteriologic cultures from 85% to 97% (p less than .05), increased the use of alternative less toxic antibiotics from 36% to 75% (p less than .05), and increased the frequency with which serum gentamicin concentrations were requested during therapy from 28% to 56% (p less than .001). Thus, the data support the tenet that the ways antibiotics are employed in community hospitals can be altered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Acquired haemoglobin H disease, complicating a myeloproliferative syndrome: a case report.

A case of acquired haemoglobin H disease in association with a myeloproliferative disorder is described. Severe haemolysis with hypochromic microcytic anaemia was present. Haemoglobin H formed 18% of the circulating haemoglobin and 60% of the red cells showed multiple inclusions on incubation with brilliant cresyl blue. Blood film and absolute red cell values from a previous unrelated illness were normal, proving the acquired nature of the haemoglobin abnormality. Alpha/beta chain synthesis was measured in vitro and the degree of imbalance (alpha/beta ratio 0.39) was similar to that seen in the inborn thalassaemic disorder. A small proportion of red cells showed i-antigen reactivity but their haemoglobin H content was no different from the majority of cells which were l-antigen positive.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Feasibility of outpatient self-administration of parenteral antibiotics.

It is customary to treat patients with infective endocarditis or osteomyelitis for a prolonged period in hospital with parenteral antibiotics. It was felt that it might be feasible to allow parenteral administration of antibiotics by the patients themselves at home. Results in 13 patients who administered antibiotics parenterally themselves (experimental group) were compared with those in 7 patients (control group) treated entirely within the hospital. Antibiotic-related complications were similar in both groups. There was no instance of infection of the intravenous cannula in either group. The average daily cost of antibiotic therapy decreased from $243.22 for inpatients to $69.35 for outpatients. The average cost of illness was $6,357.22 in the experimental group and $10,022.23 in the control group. If patients are carefully selected and well educated, the outpatient self-administration of antibiotics parenterally is both economical and safe.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Lactulose in vincristine-induced constipation.

Constipation which is resistant to the usual range of laxatives is a troublesome undesirable effect of vincristine. Lactulose in doses up to 25 ml thrice daily proved to be a simple and effective treatment in six patients with refractory vincristine-induced constipation, and a successful prophylactic in two other patients. Palatable, and without any serious undesirable effects, lactulose can improve the quality of life for patients with a malignant tumour which is responsive to vincristine.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

A new mutation affecting ribosomal RNA synthesis in Escherichia coli.

A temperature-sensitive mutant of Escherichia coli is described. At the nonpermissive temperature there is a 12-fold reduction in the rate of rRNA synthesis, while tRNA and mRNA syntheses are affected to only a slight extent. Both protein and DNA syntheses also continue at nearly the normal rate. The mutation appears to affect the synthesis of 16S and 23S rRNA equally and has no detectable affect on rRNA maturation. The temperature-sensitive lesion appears to be caused by a single point mutation lying between minutes 21 and 27. It is suggested that this mutation seems to define a new genetic locus involved in the regulation of rRNA synthesis.

Edetic Acid↗