Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J M Hunter

Publications and source records attributed to J M Hunter.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Man-made lakes and man-made diseases. Towards a policy resolution.

Throughout the tropical world, in Africa. Asia and Latin America, the construction of water impoundments, for irrigation and other purposes. in areas of endemic water-related diseases, has inexorably intensified community levels of infection, and also created new areas of transmission. The clearest 'indicator' disease is a schistosomiasis, but other are involved such as malaria and the filariases. An assessment for the future suggests a worsening situation because of population growth, the demand for food production, and the increased technological capacity of the "bulldozer revolution' to effect earth impoundments. The typical sectoral dichotomy in which a department of agriculture creates a disease outbreak through its development activity, leaving its counterpart department of public health to cope on he curative basis, where possible, is strongly deplored. A policy position is offered whereby disease prevention measures are integrated with development projects from the beginning, and infrastructural investment and operational costs for health maintenance are identified and incorporated in the total benefit-cost analysis. The need for the communications network on ecological and health effects is pointed out; and a typology for registration of dams is offered in support of policy implementation.

Ecology↗
PubMed1982

Subungual melanoma--case report and literature review.

Subungual melanoma is an infrequent malignant tumor which, despite its visibility and easy accessibility, is often misdiagnosed and thus inappropriately treated. This delay in recognition often results in a worsened prognosis. All persistent nail lesions which do not respond to conservative treatment, whether pigmented or not, should undergo excisional biopsy and pathologic examination. A case of subungual melanoma is presented to illustrate the typical presentation and clinical characteristics.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Use of atracurium during general surgery monitored by the train-of-four stimuli.

The use of atracurium in 25 patients undergoing general surgical procedures is described, neuromuscular function being monitored by the "train-of-four" stimuli. An initial dose of atracurium 0.5 mg kg-1 proved to be clinically acceptable, giving good conditions for endotracheal intubation and adequate muscle relaxation for about 40 min. Comparison of the results with those from 15 patients given suxamethonium 50 mg showed that atracurium in this dosage took longer to produce complete ablation of the twitch responses but that it lasted longer (about 40 min). Incremental doses of atracurium (of 0.2 mg kg-1) gave relaxation for about 30 min and there was no evidence of a cumulative effect. Reversal of the neuromuscular block with neostigmine was prompt and adequate. Using simple clinical means no evidence of an important change in heart rate or arterial pressure was found. There were no adverse reactions to the drug.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Use of atracurium in patients with no renal function.

Atracurium was given to 26 patients who had no renal function; in 21 of these neuromuscular block was monitored using the train-of-four stimuli. The results are compared with those obtained from normal patients presented for surgery. Unlike the non-depolarizing muscle relaxants currently in common use, it was possible to continue giving incremental doses of atracurium to the anephric patients without there being evidence of cumulation. Even when the total dose used (over a period of up to 2.5 h) was in the order of seven to eight times that previously described as the minimum required for endotracheal intubation (2.3 mg kg-1 as opposed to 0.3 mg kg-1), there was no evidence of residual curarization. This finding would seem to be compatible with that is known of the pharmacology of the drug. No adverse cardiovascular effects were demonstrated. It is concluded that atracurium may be especially valuable in patients with no renal function.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Ethylene glycol poisoning. A case report.

A case of self-poisoning with ethylene glycol is presented. The metabolic upset induced by ingestion of this substance is discussed and the principles underlying treatment with ethyl alcohol, sodium bicarbonate and renal dialysis are outlined. The practical problems experienced with this therapy are detailed. The need for immediate instigation of treatment and for intensive care are emphasised.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Scissor excision of anogenital warts.

Anogenital warts were treated by scissor excision in 34 patients while under general anaesthesia; most patients were referred by the department of genitourinary medicine. In 28 patients who were adequately followed up the primary success rate was 71.4% and the rate of recurrence of warts was 9.3%. The technique gave good cosmetic results with few complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Chlamydia trachomatis infection of the cervix: the need for a diagnostic service.

Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated from the cervix in 20.4 per cent (104/511) of women attending a department of genito-urinary medicine. Isolation rates ranged from 43.3 per cent in women with gonorrhoea to 4.2 per cent in women with no STD and who required no treatment. There was no association between the presence of chlamydia in the cervix and any symptom complex. Although high isolation rates were also noted in women with signs of cervicitis and in women whose partners had non-gonococcal urethritis, the accuracy of such clinical and epidemiological criteria in predicting cervical infection was low. In the absence of a screening service the chlamydial infection of 81 women (those who were not NGU contacts) would have been undiagnosed and untreated. The need for a screening service is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Use of the muscle relaxant atracurium in anephric patients: preliminary communication.

Atracurium is a new, non-depolarizing muscle relaxant which rapidly breaks down in vivo and appears to require neither renal nor hepatic function for its elimination. As the commonly used non-depolarizing muscle relaxants carry the risk of prolonged effect when used in anephric patients, atracurium appears to have special promise in this situation. A preliminary account of the successful use of the relaxant in 20 anephric patients is recorded and evidence presented that atracurium is, indeed, a suitable agent for use in patients with renal failure.

Adjuvants, Anesthesia↗
PubMed1981

Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum in men attending a sexually transmitted diseases clinic.

Urethral specimens from 480 heterosexual patients were examined for Chlamydia trachomatis. Chlamydia were isolated from 32.7% of men with non-specific urethritis (NSU), from 16.1% of men with gonorrhoea, and from 4.1% of men without urethritis. Chlamydial isolation was not related to duration of symptoms, presence of discharge, or past history of attendance at the clinic. Urine from 176 heterosexual patients was examined for Ureaplasma urealyticum. Ureaplasmas were present in 53.8% of men with NSU, in 28% of men with gonorrhoea, and in 32.9% of men with no urethritis. Detection rates for ureaplasmas in patients with chlamydia-negative and chlamydia-positive NSU were similar, but ureaplasmas were present in significantly greater numbers in patients with chlamydia-negative NSU than in those with chlamydia-positive NSU.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Genitourinary infection with Ureaplasma urealyticum in women attending a sexually transmitted diseases clinic.

Ureaplasma urealyticum was detected in the cervix of 49·9% and in the urine of 47·7% of women attending a department of genitourinary medicine. Isolation of U urealyticum was not related to diagnosis, nor was there any association between the presence of the organism and any symptoms or signs of genital tract disease. Fewer organisms were detected in the cervix of women who had a concurrent infection with Chlamydia trachomatis than in women who had not. A pathological role for U urealyticum has not been established.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Cardiovascular and renal effects of enflurane and halothane in the dog.

A comparison between the effects of increasing concentrations of enflurane and halothane on cardiovascular and renal function in the artificially ventilated dog showed that both agents produced myocardial depression which was directly related to the concentration administered. Depression was more marked, and occurred at a lower minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) value with enflurane. No significant difference was found between the effects of the two agents on renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, renal vascular resistance or urine production at anaesthetic concentrations of 1 MAC. However, there was evidence of sudden depression of renal function as concentrations of enflurane were raised above 1 MAC, but with halothane a similar deterioration did not appear until the concentration of the inhalational agent reached 2 MAC.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed1980

Effect of acute hypocapnia on renal function in the dog artificially ventilated with nitrous oxide, oxygen and halothane.

Changes from normocapnia to hypocapnia (and vice versa) were induced in dogs lightly anesthetized with nitrous oxide and halothane and subjected to passive pulmonary ventilation. During hypocapnia estimated renal plasma flow and urine production were greater than in normocapnia, and renal vascular resistance was decreased greatly compared with normocapnia. There was little change in glomerular filtration rate.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗