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J M Broadbent

Publications and source records attributed to J M Broadbent.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Progression of dental caries and tooth loss between the third and fourth decades of life: a birth cohort study.

The majority of what is known of the experience of dental caries among adults is from cross-sectional studies, and there are surprisingly few population-level longitudinal studies of dental caries among adults. Dental examinations were conducted at age 26 and again at age 32 among participants in a longstanding prospective study of a birth cohort born in Dunedin (New Zealand) in 1972/1973. Some 901 individuals (88.8%) were dentally examined at both ages. The mean number of remaining teeth and tooth surfaces fell between 26 and 32, reflecting ongoing tooth loss. The overall prevalence of caries rose from 94.9 to 96.8%, while there were greater increases in the proportion with caries-associated tooth loss (from 10.8 to 22.8%). Caries experience was greatest in the molar teeth and upper premolars, and was lowest in the lower anterior teeth. The mean crude caries increment (CCI) was 5.0 surfaces (SD 6.6); 681 (75.5%) experienced 1+ CCI, and the mean CCI among those individuals was 6.6 surfaces (SD 6.9). Substantial dental caries and tooth loss experience occur as people move from the third into the fourth decade of life.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Oral health beliefs in adolescence and oral health in young adulthood.

According to theory, health beliefs are related to health behaviors. We investigated whether individuals who hold favorable oral-health-related beliefs over time have better adult oral health than those who do not. Beliefs about the efficacy of water fluoridation, keeping the mouth clean, avoiding sweet foods, visiting the dentist, using dental floss, and using fluoridated toothpaste were assessed in a birth cohort at ages 15, 18, and 26 years. At each age, the majority of participants endorsed the importance of each practice. However, there was also evidence of instability across time. Individuals who held stable favorable dental beliefs from adolescence through adulthood had fewer teeth missing due to caries, less periodontal disease, better oral hygiene, better self-rated oral health, and more restorations. Dental beliefs can change between adolescence and young adulthood, and these changes are related to oral health. In particular, unfavorable dental health beliefs are related to poorer oral health.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

For debate: problems with the DMF index pertinent to dental caries data analysis.

The Decayed, Missing, Filled (DMF) index has been used for over 50 years and is well established as the key measure of caries experience in dental epidemiology. Despite its long history of use, there is debate about the most appropriate number of surfaces to include for a missing tooth. Assigning the maximum possible value for the 'M' component of DMFS (Surfaces) leads to overestimation of an individual's caries experience, and in any associated comparisons of in-caries experience, whereas assigning the minimum possible value for the 'M' component has the opposite effect. Alternative methods of assigning the number of caries-affected surfaces for an extracted tooth are considered. The net caries increment and adjusted caries increment (common methods of correction of the crude increment measure for reversals) are discussed, along with incidence density, a measure of caries extent. Problems exist with the adjusted caries increment, particularly among cohorts with low mean baseline caries experience. Development of an alternative method of estimating the relationship of 'true' and 'examiner' reversals is advocated, as well as greater utilization of incidence density in dental epidemiology.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Does caries in primary teeth predict enamel defects in permanent teeth? A longitudinal study.

The notion that caries in primary teeth causes developmental defects of enamel in permanent teeth has been recently revived. The research objective was to test this hypothesis through analysis of data from the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study, a longstanding prospective cohort study. The maxillary incisors of 663 children were assessed for existing restorations and dental caries at age five and for developmental defects of enamel at age nine. Where a primary tooth had been carious, the permanent successor was more likely to have a demarcated opacity after adjustment for gender, family socio-economic status, years of exposure to water fluoridation, trauma to primary teeth, and early loss of primary teeth (unadjusted OR = 2.3, 95% CI 1.3, 4.1; adjusted OR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.1, 4.3). These findings support a time-ordered association between dental caries in primary maxillary incisors and demarcated opacities in their permanent successors.

Child↗
PubMed2001

The readiness of New Zealand general dental practitioners for medical emergencies.

A risk of medical emergency accompanies every dental procedure, but little is known of general dental practitioners' readiness for such events. The few previous studies have shown that nearly all dentists have received training in medical emergencies at some time, most of this training being postgraduate. Up to 20 percent of dentists have reported feeling inadequately prepared for medical emergencies, and most are receptive to the idea of receiving further medical emergency-related training. We conducted a postal survey of 314 dentists concerning their readiness for, and experience of, medical emergencies within general dental practice; 199 dentists (63.4 percent) responded. Medical emergencies had occurred in 129 practices (65.2 percent) within the previous 10 years, at a mean rate of 2.0 events per 10,000 patients treated under local analgesia, other forms of pain control, or sedation. Vaso-vagal events had occurred in 121 (61.1 percent) practices within the previous year, the mean rate being 6.9 events per 10,000 patients treated using the same modes. More than half the respondents were dissatisfied with the training they had received for medical emergencies as undergraduate students, and 28 (14.1 percent) currently felt inadequately prepared for an emergency in practice. When asked how their preparedness could be improved, 165 (83.3 percent) opted for hands-on courses, 15 (7.5 percent) opted for lectures alone, and 5 (2.5 percent) opted for other courses alone. One in 20 felt no need for further training. Further training in the management of medical emergencies should be made available to New Zealand's dentists.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation↗
PubMed1987

An American Board of Orthodontics case report.

The patient's opinion of himself greatly improved following correction of a disfiguring malocclusion. He experienced a marked personality change and increased self-esteem following correction of his malocclusion. Oral hygiene was much improved when the teeth became a source of pride rather than embarrassment. The chief concern of this patient was the appearance and alignment of crooked teeth. Facial balance and esthetics were improved following placement of anterior teeth over supporting bone and reduction of the bimaxillary dental protrusion. The temporomandibular joint is asymptomatic. All retention devices have been removed and the case has remained stable. The prognosis is excellent. Literature references are normally not included in the American Board presentation. The author added the references to present readers access to the philosophic background related to clinical management of this interesting case.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Is attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder a risk factor for dental caries? A case-control study.

Experience in practice has suggested that children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) tend to have higher numbers of diseased, missing and filled teeth (DMFT score) than children without the condition. To date, however, this impression has not been systematically investigated. A case-control study of children in Otago, New Zealand (case DMFT > or = 5; control DMFT <5; case status determined from School Dental Service dental records) was conducted by postal survey and reference to the School Dental Service records. Cases and controls were matched on age, sex, ethnicity, and school socio-economic status. The purpose of the study was to assess whether having ADHD was associated with higher odds of having high caries experience. Questionnaires were returned for a total of 128 case-control pairs. Conditional logistical regression analysis showed that, after controlling for fluoride history, medical problems, diet, and self-reported oral hygiene, children with ADHD had nearly 12 times the odds of having a high DMFT score than children who did not have ADHD (OR = 11.98; 95% CI 1.13, 91.81). No other factors were significant predictors. Dental practitioners and parents should consider ADHD to be a condition that may affect children's dental caries experience.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chewing and occlusal function.

Full diagnostic records are a medical-legal necessity to diagnose, treatment plan, monitor clinical progress, and evaluate outcome. "We (orthodontists) have been concerned with the anatomical relations of the teeth, the relation of the mandible to the maxilla, the relation of the teeth in the entire facial component, but this is not enough. We must enlarge our scope of knowledge and responsibilities to be equally concerned and competent as physiological orthodontists." (Thompson) Treatment outcome distinction is made between static evaluation of records and "plaster models on the table", and functional evaluation of the finished case. Most occlusal "chewing" function occurs with the first molar and premolar teeth. It is reported that 90% of chewing function is first molar and bicuspid region. Physiologically oriented orthodontists must consider: soft tissue profile and facial esthetics, incisal misguidance (interference), narrow or constricted maxilla, underdeveloped or retruded maxilla, overdeveloped or prognathic mandible (Class III actual of effective condition relative to maxilla), crowding or displacement of teeth, and (TMJ) temporomandibular joints must be considered. Second molars are the common cause of working balancing, and protrusive occlusal disturbances. The mesial distal width of second molar teeth and premolar teeth is not significantly different. Second molar replacement is a viable option for many patients (not all) undergoing orthopedic and orthodontic treatment who require removal of teeth for treatment purposes. The most important teeth for chewing are first molar to first molar teeth.

Dental Enamel↗