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Biomedical subjects

J M Best

Publications and source records attributed to J M Best.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Rubella immunity by four different techniques: results of challenge studies.

When 42 sera with low or inconsistent levels of haemagglutination-inhibiting (HAI) antibodies were tested by single radial haemolysis (SRH) radioimmunoassay (RIA), and enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA), RIA was shown to be the most reliable test for detecting low levels of antibody. SRH, however, was found to be an acceptable alternative screening test for rubella antibodies and was more reliable than HAI. Although SRH plates prepared in our own laboratory failed to detect antibodies in six sera, in five of the six, antibodies were only at a low level (RIA titre 1:20-1:80). OriVir plates (Orion Diagnostica, Finland) failed to detect low levels of antibody in only three sera. There were six (14.3%) sera which were false positives in the HAI test. These women were shown to be seronegative by radioimmunoassay and, when three of these six volunteers were vaccinated, they developed a typical primary immune response which resembled that developed by 43 seronegative women following vaccination. Fifteen of the young women with consistently low HAI titres and one woman who was seronegative by HAI but seropositive by RIA and ELISA were subsequently vaccinated. Six (37.5%) of these women showed no significant rise in titre by any of the tests employed, while ten had a significant rise in titre, detected by at least one test, with a low level of rubella-specific IgM detectable in one.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1980

Rubella-specific serum and nasopharyngeal antibodies in volunteers with naturally acquired and vaccine-induced immunity after intranasal challenge.

Thirty-nine volunteers, who were either naturally immune to rubella virus or immune as a result of vaccination with RA 27/3, Cendehill, or To-336 vaccines, were challenged intranasally with high-titered RA 27/3 virus. Before and after challenge, rubella-specific IgG and IgA in serum and nasopharyngeal washings were measured by hemagglutination inhibition, neutralization, and radioimmunoassay. The reinfection rate (at least a fourfold rise in titer of serum antibody by one or more tests) was highest among recipients of Cendehill vaccine. Significant rises in titer were most frequently detected by radioimmunoassay for rubella-specific IgG. After challenge of immune volunteers, rubella-specific IgM was detected in six of the 29 with vaccine-induced immunity. Although high levels of rubella-specific serum and nasopharyngeal IgA before challenge appeared to be associated with protection in recipients of RA 27/3 vaccine, no level of any antibody tested was invariably associated with protection. For comparison, volunteers with vaccine-induced immunity challenged intranasally with the same dose of vaccine after inactivation did not show evidence of reinfection.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1979

Rubella vaccines.

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Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1979

HLA antigens and responses to rubella vaccination.

Attempts were made to correlate virus excretion, joint symptoms and antibody response with human leukocyte antigens (HLA) in seronegative adult women given attenuated rubella vaccine. No association was shown between HLA antigens of the A and B loci and excretion of either high or low titres of RA27/3 vaccine among 26 volunteers. However, virus excretion was influenced by such factors as the time of day at which specimens were collected and the method of virus isolation. Our study therefore failed to confirm the hypothesis that certain persons are good 'spreaders' of rubella virus and that this capacity is associated with HLA-A1 and B8. The study of joint symptoms following vaccination with Cendehill, HPV77.DE-5, RA27/3 or To-336 vaccines showed no association between such symptoms and HLA antigens. However, joint symptoms occurred within 7 days of the onset of menstruation in 33 of 47 (70%) vaccinees (P less than 0.01) and it is therefore suggested that hormonal factors must play a role. No association between HLA antigens and haemagglutination inhibition (HAI) antibody titres, 8 weeks after vaccination with RA27/3, was found amongst 34 volunteers.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Studies on the faecal egg output of horses after treatment with fenbendazole.

Examination of faecal egg counts in horses and ponies has shown that after treatment with fenbendazole at dose levels of 7.5, 45 and 60 mg/kg, faeces remained free from strongyle eggs for periods of 6 to 18 weeks. The significance of these results is discussed in relation to routine anthelmintic treatment of horses. In particular, the activity of fenbendazole against mucosal stages of strongyle parasites allows for treatment to be recommended at less frequent intervals than when using other anthelmintics.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Rubella serology by solid-phase radioimmunoassay: its potential for screening programmes.

Sera from 269 adult females who had experienced naturally acquired or vaccine-induced infection by rubella virus, including immune persons challenged intranasally with rubella vaccine (RA27/3) as well as sera from 100 patients attending antenatal clinics, were tested for rubella antibodies by the conventional haemagglutination inhibition tests (HAI), as well as a newly developed solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) for rubella immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. Following both naturally acquired and vaccine-induced infection, titres by RIA were approximately ten-fold higher than by HAI. The RIA test was particularly useful in assessing the true immune status of those with apparently low levels of HAI antibody and has the added advantage that pre-treatment of sera to remove inhibitors of haemagglutination and red cell agglutinins is unnecessary. The RIA test has potential for the large-scale screening programmes which need to be carried out if the Department of Health and Social Security recommendation, that women attending antenatal and family planning clinics be screened for rubella antibodies, is to be effectively met.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

The efficacy of fenbendazole in the control of immature strongyle infections in ponies.

The efficacy of fenbendazole against immature stages of Trichonema spp., Strongylus vulgaris and Strongylus edentatus was evaluated. Naturally infected 6 to 12 month old ponies were given single, oral doses of 0, 15, 30 and 60 mg/kg of body weight. A dose response relationship was noted between increasing dose levels and efficiency against larval trichonemes and migrating stages of S. vulgaris and S. edentatus. Dose levels of 30 mg/kg and higher removed 93 per cent of mucosal stages of Trichonema spp., while doses of 60 mg/kg removed 83 per cent and 89 per cent of the migrating larvae of S. vulgaris and S. edentatus respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Rubella-specific serum and nasopharygeal immunoglobulin responses following naturally acquired and vaccine-induced infection. Prolonged persistence of virus-specific IgM.

Rubella-specific immunoglobulin responses in sera and nasopharyngeal secretions were compared in groups of adult females who had experienced naturally acquired rubella or infection induced by Cendehill, HPV77.DE-5, RA27/3 (subcutaneously and intranasally), and To-336 vaccines. Serum IgG and IgA and nasopharyngeal IgA responses after vaccination by RA27/3 intranasally most closely resembled those induced by naturally acquired infection. However, the other vaccines failed to induce a persistent local IgA response. Levels of local antibody induced by HPV77.DE-5 were especially poor. Virus-specific IgM was detected for prolonged periods. The highest levels and the most persistent response followed vaccination by HPV77.DE-5, four of five volunteers still having rubella-specific IgM at 1 year. Virus-specific IgM persisted for 6 months in seventeen of twenty-five (68%) and for a year in nine of twenty-four (38%) vaccinees. It was still present in four of nine (44%) naturally infected patients at a year.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1975

Detection of rubella-specific serum IgG and IgA and nasopharyngeal IgA responses using a radioactive single radial immunodiffusion technique.

A radioactive, single radial immunodiffusion technique (RSRID) employing 125I-labelled antiglobulins, was developed to determine rubella-specific serum IgG and IgA and nasopharyngeal IgA antibody responses following both naturally acquired rubella and vaccination with four attenuated vaccines. Rubella-specific IgG antibodies developed in parallel with haemagglutination inhibiting (HAI) antibodies and both persisted for at least a year in all cases of naturally acquired and vaccine induced infection. However, the RSRID test detected rises in titre in all of five volunteers challenged intranasally with RA27/3, whereas only one volunteer showed a rise by HAI. Serum IgA antibodies generally persisted for at least a year following naturally acquired infection but rubella vaccines induced variable responses. Thus, following administration of RA27/3 and To-336 vaccines, rubella-specific IgA usually persisted for a year, whereas Cendehill vaccine failed to induce a detectable response. Rubella-specific nasopharyngeal IgA was detected in all five patients following naturally acquired infection and was still present in the only two patients tested a year after infection. These antibodies were detected in fourteen of twenty-three vaccinees at 3 weeks, but persisted for a year in only two vaccinees, both of whom were given RA27/3 intranasally.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1974

New Japanese rubella vaccine: comparative trials.

A total of 142 seronegative volunteers were given one of the following rubella vaccines: Cendehill, HPV77. DE-5, RA27/3, or a new Japanese vaccine, To-336. To-336 vaccine produced a slightly higher geometric mean antibody titre (G.M.T.) (65.7) than did the HPV77. DE-5 (63.1) or RA27/3 vaccine (61.9) but the G.M.T. induced by Cendehill vaccine was much lower (39.3).Reactions, particularly joint symptoms, occurred least commonly after vaccination with To-336 vaccine. Joint symptoms occurred within seven days of menstruation in 30 out of 37 (81%) vaccines (P <0.01); their incidence was not related to oral contraception.Though there is evidence to suggest that Japanese virus strains may be non-teratogenic further data on the incidence of congenitally acquired infection in Japan must be collected before this conclusion can be supported on epidemiological grounds.

Antibodies, Viral↗