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Biomedical subjects

J M Bernstein

Publications and source records attributed to J M Bernstein.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Heterophile antibodies in middle ear effusions.

By means of hemolysis in agar gel, heterophile antibodies were demonstrated in middle ear effusions (MEEs) and corresponding sera of patients with otitis media with effusion. These antibodies were shown to belong to the IgM class. Absorption and inhibition studies revealed that these antibodies were of Forssman or Hanganutziu-Deicher specificity or a mixture of both. In some patients, titers of these heterophile antibodies were substantially higher in MEE than in corresponding sera, suggesting that a local immune system similar to gut-associated lymphoid tissue or bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue may operate in the middle ear.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Characterization of RNA polymerase products of Nebraska calf diarrhea virus and SA11 rotavirus.

The endogenous RNA polymerase of the calf rotavirus was shown to synthesize single-stranded RNA transcripts of one polarity which were identical in size to the denatured parental double-stranded RNA segments. The transcripts were notable in their absence of polyadenylate sequences. The polymerase activity associated with the cores of calf rotavirus was minimally altered by the reaction, since calf rotavirus cores could be reused after purification, whereas the RNA polymerase products appeared to be released from the virion.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1981

Respiratory syncytial virus proteins: identification by immunoprecipitation.

The proteins of respiratory syncytial virus have not been clearly identified due to the lability of the virus and difficulties in its purification. We have pulse-labeled respiratory syncytial virus with [35S]methionine and [35S]cysteine and analyzed cell lysates by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Five 35S-labeled viral proteins ranging in molecular weight from 21,000 to 73,000 (VP73, VP44, VP35, VP28, and VP21) were easily discernable above background cellular proteins. Treatment of the infected cells with 0.15 M NaCl before labeling suppressed host cell protein synthesis and allowed clearer visualization of the five viral proteins by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Three glycoproteins (VGP 92, VGP 50, and VGP 17) were also identified after labeling with [3H]glucosamine. Five of these polypeptides (VP51, VP44, VP35, VP28, and VGP92) were shown to be antigenically active because they could be immunoprecipitated with anti-respiratory syncytial virus antibody produced in New Zealand white rabbits, cotton rats, and humans before analysis by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1980

Hepatic trauma. A review of 56 consecutively treated patients.

The records of 56 consecutively treated patients with hepatic trauma were reviewed for clinical features, treatment, and results. Nonpenetrating trauma was the cause of 60% of the injuries, 40% of which were considered major. Peritoneal irritability, hypotension, and a positive abdominal paracentesis were common findings leading to abdominal exploration. Prompt fluid resuscitation followed by operation was successful in most patients. Various suture techniques were effectively used to control hemorrhage, and extensive debridement short of lobectomy was used if possible. Drainage was effective in reducing postoperative complications. Death was associated with extensive injuries that required right hepatic lobectomy in two patients, and in three patients deaths were unrelated to the hepatic injury. Complications were predominantly pulmonary problems, sepsis, and hemorrhage. These results support the prompt operative management of hepatic injuries with accepted procedures of debridement, precise vascular and biliary control, and drainage, conserving hepatic tissues.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Effects of ribavirin on respiratory syncytial virus in vitro.

Ribavirin was demonstrated to have an antiviral effect on respiratory syncytial virus in vitro. A 50% reduction in plaque number was observed at concentrations of 3 or 10 micrograms of ribavirin per ml. This effect was observed when the drug was added as late as 12 h postinfection. At concentrations of greater than 10 micrograms of ribavirin per ml, the size of the syncytial plaque also noticeably decreased. Ribavirin similarly decreased the number of infectious units released into the culture supernatant. The antiviral effect was observed to be inversely related to the size of the viral inoculum, although all concentrations above 3.2 micrograms of ribavirin per ml visibly lessened the cytopathic effect regardless of the inoculum. Cloning of respiratory synctial virus in inhibitory concentrations of ribavirin failed to show increased resistance to the drug.

Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral↗
PubMed1980

Detection of endotoxin in ear specimens from patients with chronic otitis media by means of the limulus amebocyte lysate test.

The limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test is the most sensitive procedure for the detection of endotoxic lipopolysaccharides. The test was applied to middle ear fluids, cholesteatomas, and granulation tissue specimens from 31 patients in parallel with bacteriologic examination. The LAL test and bacteriologic examination yielded concordant results with 26 out of 28 specimens. A positive LAL test was obtained with 11 specimens containing endotoxin-producing organisms. The test became positive within 60 min of incubation in 10 out of 11 specimens and in 1 specimen between 1 and 24 h, suggesting that, in the majority of specimens, endotoxin was present in the specimen itself and that the result was not due to the in vitro multiplication of the microorganisms. All negative tests remained negative for 24 h. It is conceivable that endotoxin present in ear fluids may contribute to the pathologic changes in chronic otitis media.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Colon interposition versus esophagogastrostomy for esophageal carcinoma.

Thirty-eight patients underwent either a colon interposition (18 patients) or an esophagogastrostomy (20 patients) for cancer of the distal two-thirds of the esophagus. Both procedures had essentially the same 30-day mortality (22% versus 20%), a similar major complication rate (78% versus 75%), and recurrent dysphagia rate (17% versus 15%). The lowest complication rate was seen in the colon interposition for cure (33%), as compared to esophagogastrostomy for cure (70%). The longest average survival time (14.6 months) was seen after a colon interposition for cure, with 33 per cent of patients alive at two years, compared to 12.4 months average survival and 30 per cent alive at two year seen in the esophagogastrostomy for cure group. There were no five-year survivals. Preoperative radiation appeared to have a beneficial effect regardless of tumor cell type or operative procedure. Surgical management of esophageal cancer appears to be palliative in most instances, regardless of operation performed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

Management of lymph fistula in the groin after arterial reconstruction.

Leakage of lymph from the inguinal incision is a rare but disturbing complication of arterial surgery. This article describes our experience in the management of 12 patients in whom lymphorrhea developed following arterial reconstruction. Seven patients were treated with pressure dressings, antibiotics, and immobilization. In this group, fistula healing was delayed up to four weeks, and wound infection occurred in three of seven patients. One patient eventually required removal of the prosthetic graft and below-knee amputation. Early groin reexploration and direct ligature of ruptured lymphatics was performed in the remaining five patients. Hospitalization was shortened and wound infection prevented in all patients in this group. We recommend prompt operative closure as the preferred approach in the management of lymph fistula following vascular reconstruction, especially when synthetic graft material is present.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The fibrinolysin system in otitis media with effusion.

Middle ear effusions can cause the fibrinolytic dissolution of human fibrin clots. The data presented herein indicate that the highest level of fibrinolytic activity and general proteolytic activity is found in the serous effusions. The mucoid effusions show the lowest levels of fibrinolytic activity. The significance of the fibrinolytic activity in middle ear fluids is not fully understood. Plasmin, the active protease of the fibrinolysin system, is capable of activating a number of proteolytic systems, including the intrinsic coagulation system, the vasoactive peptide system, and the complement system. All the inflammatory mediator systems can promote increased vascular permeability, tissue edema, and leukocytic migration. The relation of these systems to inflammation in the middle ear may have a profound influence on the possible conversion of a simple middle ear effusion into chronic otitis media.

Aprotinin↗
PubMed1978

Complement activity in middle ear effusions.

Evidence for complement utilization in middle ear fluids (MEF) from patients with otitis media with effusion was sought. It was found that cleavage products of C3, C4 and Factor B could be demonstrated immunochemically in MEF, and that native C3 was present in much lower concentrations than other proteins, relative to their serum concentrations. Haemolytic assays for C1-C5 showed that early complement components are inactivated in MEF. Potential mechanisms for complement utilization in MEF are discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1976

Prostaglandins in middle ear effusions.

Although otitis media with effusion is usually a self-limiting disease, there are certain cases in which there appears to be chronic progression of the disease with serious sequelae. It has been demonstrated that there are biological mediators of inflammation in the middle ear that are capable of producing mucous membrane pathologic features. Some of these mediators of inflammation may be the prostaglandins. These cyclic fatty acids have been found in ten consecutive middle ear fluids in concentrations that are usually higher than the corresponding serum or plasma. It is suggested that prostaglandins may play an active role in maintaining the inflammatory response in the middle ear in otitis media with effusion.

Chromatography↗
PubMed1975

In vitro correlates of cell-mediated immunity in human tonsils after natural or induced Rubella virus infection.

The techniques of hemagglutination inhibition and in vitro lymphocyte transformation and the assay of migration inhibitory factor were used for study of the development of rubella antibody activity in serum and tonsillar tissue washings and of the appearance of rubella-specific, cell-mediated immunity in circulating and tonsillar lymphocytes in groups of children who underwent tonsillectomy at various intervals after natural rubella infection, subcutaneous immunization with HPV-77 DE/5 vaccine, or intranasal inoculation with RA27/3 live, attenuated rubella virus vaccine. Antibody response in serum and tonsillar tissue washings was detected regularly after natural infection or immunization. Development of specific cell-mediated immunity in circulating lymphocytes was regularly observed after natural infection and frequently after immunization. Natural infection or intranasal immunization with rubella vaccine resulted in the appearance of cell-mediated immunity in the tonsillar lymphoid tissue, and the response was detectable up to several years after natural infection in several cases. It is significant, however, that the level of cell-mediated immunity in tonsils was conspicuously low after subcutaneous immunization. These data suggest the induction of local cell-mediated immunity in tonsillar lymphoid tissue after local mucosal application of rubella virus.

Adolescent↗