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Biomedical subjects

J Lilja

Publications and source records attributed to J Lilja.

86 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Surgical correction of mandibular prognathism by the oblique sliding osteotomy. A clinical and radiological follow-up study of 112 consecutive cases.

The oblique sliding osteotomy has been used for surgical correction of mandibular prognathism, sometimes in combination with open bite, in 112 patients treated from 1969 to 1978. The method has proved to be connected with few surgical complications and minimal relapse tendency. No correlation was found between the degree of posterior positioning or closure of open bite at the operation and relapse tendency. Consequently no limitations in the field of application concerning the degree of mandibular protrusion or open bite have been found in this study.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Introduction: the need for a multidimensional and multidisciplinary approach.

This special issue combines contributions from several disciplines within the social sciences on how to understand long-term use or dependency on various kinds of psychotropics. It emphasizes the need for a multidisciplinary approach in order to understand the complexity of such long-term use. The papers in this issue will base their arguments on psychological, sociological, anthropological, clinical, and social pharmacy perspectives. Different disciplines focus specially on certain topics. For example, psychology can help us to understand what kind of mental processes that are involved in the development of long-term tranquillizer use. Sociology, anthropology and social pharmacy have a particular contribution to make in helping us, in different ways, to understand the social meanings of psychotropic drug use.

Anti-Anxiety Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Identity, cognitive structure, and long-term tranquillizer use: a multidimensional approach.

The article discusses different theoretical perspectives that are relevant in analysing long-term tranquillizer use. The theories mentioned are, e.g., behavioral theory models, cognitive models, humanistic and existential models, transpersonal identity models, psychodynamic reasoning, sociological and anthropological perspectives. A multidimensional model focusing on the connection between identity structure and long-term tranquillizer use is presented. The article argues for the use of mixed methodological strategies, e.g., quantitative and qualitative methods. The implications of the 'actor-spectator paradox" for the analysis of data are also discussed in some detail.

Anti-Anxiety Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of programs for the treatment of benzodiazepine dependency.

Programs for the treatment of benzodiazepine dependency differ in a number of ways. Their outcome goals, for example, vary. In some of the programs the reduction or the elimination of benzodiazepine use is the main objective. In others a reduction in anxiety and depression among patients is regarded as much more important than decreasing benzodiazepine use. These differences in goals make comparative evaluations difficult. Further, the type of clients recruited to the programs are often dissimilar. However, it is still possible and valuable to make comparative evaluations of the numerous programs. The aims of published evaluations differ. Most evaluations are directed towards outcome data. Only in a few studies has the aim been to analyze the dynamic treatment process. To achieve more reliable and valid evaluations it is necessary to get data which describe the process and the results from both the clients' and the therapists' perspectives and combining different research strategies.

Anti-Anxiety Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Toward an integrative approach in the analysis of dependency problems.

This article takes some preliminary steps towards an integrated analysis of dependency problems e.g., long-term tranquillizer use, alcohol dependence, problematic use of narcotics. It argues for the need to outline important theoretical, epistemological, and methodological prerequisites in the analysis of the complex dynamic developmental processes involved in dependency problems. The dynamic process leading to dependence can be studied by the aid of an artificial science neural network approach in combination with a mixed method strategy including a clarification of a combination of different epistemological positions. It is intended that the empirical output of this complex strategy will provide a starting point for a new theoretical analysis which, in turn, will lead to new and more relevant input variables in the neural network approach that will help us to extend our knowledge of the dynamic processes leading to dependency.

Comorbidity↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of babbling and speech at pre-speech level, 3, and 5 years of age in children with cleft lip and palate treated with delayed hard palate closure.

Babbling and speech in 21 children with cleft palate were compared at pre-speech level, 3, and 5 years of age. The aims were to study if misarticulations in pre-school speech appear to be articulatorily related to the sound productions in pre-speech, whether the feeding technique influenced the prevalence of anterior articulation, and if there was a relationship between speech and the size of the residual cleft at 3 and 5 years of age. All the children had the soft palate closed, whereas the cleft in the hard palate was left open to be closed later on. Perceptual judgement of speech revealed a high prevalence of hypernasality, nasal escape and retracted oral articulation of dental or alveolar plosives. The latter was correlated with the size of the residual cleft area. There was a tendency towards a relationship between absence of anterior sound productions in babbling and retracted oral articulation in speech. The feeding technique, however, appeared not to have had any influence on articulatory place.

Articulation Disorders↗