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Biomedical subjects

J Levine

Publications and source records attributed to J Levine.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Antihemostatic, antiinflammatory, and immunosuppressive properties of the saliva of a tick, Ixodes dammini.

Pilocarpine-induced saliva of the tick, Ixodes dammini, inhibited platelet aggregation triggered by ADP and collagen, as well as platelet-aggregation factor. In addition, we found apyrase activity (which degrades ATP and ADP to AMP and orthophosphate) and an anticoagulant. We showed the presence of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by bioassay and radioimmunoassay. This saliva inhibited interleukin 2 production by T cell hybridomas, an activity consistent with that of PGE2. A kininase was demonstrated, and this may counteract the algesia- and edema-promoting properties of PGE2. Together, these salivary components produce antihemostatic, antiinflammatory, and immunosuppressive effects that may facilitate feeding, as well as transmission of tick-borne pathogens.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

DNA sequence of a 3.8 kilobase pair region controlling Drosophila chorion gene amplification.

During Drosophila oogenesis, two clusters of chorion genes and their flanking DNA sequences undergo amplification in the ovarian follicle cells. Amplification results from repeated rounds of initiation and bidirectional replication within the chorion gene regions, possibly from a single origin, producing nested replication forks. Previously we have shown that following reintroduction into the Drosophila genome, a specific 3.8 kilobase pair DNA segment from the amplified third chromosome domain could induce developmentally regulated amplification at its site of insertion. Here we present the complete nucleotide sequence of this "amplification control element" and of genes encoding the chorion structural proteins s18-1 and s15-1, which are contained within it. Sequences that may be involved in the regulation of chorion gene amplification and expression are identified.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy of the periarticular inflammatory soft-tissue changes in experimental arthritis of the rat.

Arthritis was induced in rats by intradermal injection of Freund's complete adjuvant. MRI was performed with a resistive imager operating at 0.35 T. A spin echo (SE) technique with TR = 0.5 and 2.0 seconds, TE = 28 and 56 msec was used. Transaxial images of hindpaws and knees were obtained at different times after injection of adjuvant. In vitro proton spectroscopy of normal and arthritic hindpaws was also performed. Histologic confirmation was obtained in each case. Inflammatory soft-tissue lesions were seen as focal areas of high intensity on spin echo images obtained with TR = 2.0 seconds and TE = 56 msec and were characterized by long T1 and T2 relaxation times and high spin density. In comparison with both conventional radiography and physical examination, early soft-tissue changes were detected more frequently by MRI. This study suggests that MRI is likely to be of value for the early diagnosis of arthritis.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Antidepressant drug therapy: the role of the new antidepressants.

Three new antidepressants have been marketed in the United States since 1980, and about two dozen more are being evaluated. In a 1983 workshop convened by the National Institute of Mental Health, participants examined the claims made for the newer antidepressants in relation to clinical efficacy, speed of onset, cardiovascular effects, and other adverse reactions. In this summary report of the workshop, primarily covering amoxapine, maprotiline, trazodone, and the investigational drug bupropion, the authors note that none of the new antidepressants demonstrate greater effectiveness than standard tricyclics, although some produce a different profile of side effects. The main benefit of the newer drugs is that they offer new options for the treatment of patients who cannot tolerate side effects of the traditional drugs or have responded unsatisfactorily to them.

Amoxapine↗
PubMed1985

Refining personality assessments by combining MCMI high point profiles and MMPI codes, Part I: MMPI code 28/82.

In this study it has been shown that the addition of MCMI high-point code types to the MMPI 28/82 code type clarifies contradictory MMPI descriptors and locates three distinct clinical clusters. These MMPI/MCMI clusters were defined as an interpersonally acting-in group, an emotionally acting-out group and an emotionally acting-in group to describe the levels on which they characteristically operate. The results of this study lend support to the utility of combining two objective assessment instruments for the purposes of identifying and discriminating subtleties among relevant personality disorders (DSM-III: Axis II) and clinical syndromes (DSM-III: Axis I).

Acting Out↗
PubMed1985

Refining personality assessments by combining MCMI high point profiles and MMPI codes. Part II. MMPI code 27/72.

The relationship between the MMPI 27/72 code type and MCMI high point codes is examined for 228 psychiatric patients. MCMI high point codes that correspond highly with MMPI 27/72 code enable the clinician to identify three discrete personality subgroups entitled: Fearfully Dependent, Conforming-Dependent, and Ambivalently Dependent. The central features of each of these groups are described, and their clinical characteristics used as a basis for differentiating ambiguities and contradictory interpretations commonly given the MMPI 27/72 code type.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Refining personality assessments by combining MCMI high point profiles and MCMI codes. Part III. MMPI code 24/42.

In this study it has been shown that the addition of MCMI high point code data to the MMPI 24/42 code type serves to clarify contradictory MMPI descriptors and produces three distinct clusters. These MMPI/MCMI clusters comprise an interpersonally acting-out group, an interpersonally acting-in group, and an emotionally acting-out group. These groups were useful in determining different roles for the MMPI 2 and 4 scales insofar as they relate to both personality (Axis II) and its clinical consequences (Axis I). The results of this study also lend support to the utility of combining objective assessment instruments both for identifying and for discriminating among relevant personality disorders and clinical syndromes.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

A monoclonal antibody recognizes an O-acylated sialic acid in a human melanoma-associated ganglioside.

Monoclonal antibody D1.1 originally prepared against the B49 cell line derived from a rat brain tumor was shown to react with a ganglioside present in fetal rat brain. We have found that this antigen is also present in human malignant melanoma tumors as well as many melanoma cell lines. The ganglioside from human melanoma cell lines migrates between GM1 and GM2 on one-dimensional thin layer chromatography. Analysis by two-dimensional thin layer chromatography with intermediate ammonia treatment suggests that the ganglioside contains one or more base-labile O-acyl esters. Mild base hydrolysis under conditions known to remove O-acyl esters results in complete loss of antigenic reactivity. Thus, the alkali-labile moiety is a critical component of the epitope recognized by the antibody. Analysis of the sialic acids of total gangliosides from [6-3H]glucosamine-labeled melanoma cells showed that approximately 10% of these molecules are O-acylated. Similar analysis of the purified ganglioside showed that greater than 30% of the sialic acids comigrated with authentic 9-O-acetyl-N-acetylneuraminic acid. The antibody did not cross-react with normal human skin melanocytes nor with any of a large number of normal human adult and fetal tissues. The antibody also did not react with numerous other malignant cell lines studied. These findings suggest that the antigenic epitope defined by antibody D1.1 contains an O-acylated sialic acid and may arise from aberrant O-acetylation occurring in human malignant melanoma cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Pain and analgesia: the outlook for more rational treatment.

Recent advances have been made in research on the physiology of pain, especially that focusing on the primary afferent nociceptor and endogenous analgesia systems. These advances have shed new light on the mechanisms of action of some long-used methods of managing pain, have led to the development of several methods, and have suggested new lines of investigation that may lead to more rational treatment of pain. The earlier that we can intervene in the pain-transmission pathways, the more likely we are to produce adequate and lasting control of pain. The peripheral nervous system is an important target for this therapeutic approach. The elucidation of the central neural pathways, which contain endogenous opioids and mediate the analgesia elicited by opiates, has raised the possibility of more rational use of this class of analgesics. The rationale for the use of current therapies needs to be reexamined in light of these new findings, and both current and new methods need to be tested in controlled trials.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1984

Central effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone and arginine vasopressin on intraocular pressure in rabbits.

Administration of either thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) or arginine vasopressin (a-VP) into the rabbit third ventricle elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). IOP was increased 3.6 mmHg 45 min after TRH (10 ng/0.1 ml) administration and increased 6.4 mmHg 45 min following delivery of a-VP (5 micrograms/0.1 ml). Outflow facility and episcleral venous pressure were not altered by either agent. Estimated aqueous humor flow 45 min after third ventricle administration was increased 66% after TRH and 91% after a-VP delivery. Posterior chamber aqueous humor ascorbate was reduced 60 min after TRH administration. Pretreatment with either systemic or topical atropine prevented the TRH or a-VP induced increase in IOP. Body temperature (BT), which was unaltered after TRH administration, was elevated by third ventricle delivery of a-VP. The a-VP induced increase in BT was blocked by systemic pretreatment with either indomethacin or atropine.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Atrial infarction complicating an acute inferior myocardial infarction.

Atrial fibrillation, coronary sinus rhythm, and slow atrial flutter developed in a patient with ECG findings of an acute inferior myocardial infarction. Hemodynamic measurements were suggestive of predominantly right ventricular involvement. A gated cardiac blood pool study demonstrated normal right and left ventricular wall motion with an enlarged, non-contracting right atrium. This led to the antemortem diagnosis of atrial fibrillation.

Aged↗