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Biomedical subjects

J Lehtola

Publications and source records attributed to J Lehtola.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Ultrasonographic diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma supplemented with CT or ERCP.

The practicability of ultrasonography as the primary imaging method for pancreatic carcinoma was studied in a series of 64 patients with pancreatic carcinoma examined and operated on more than 2 years previously, and CT and ERCP were compared for their expedience in the further examination of uncertain sonographic findings. Ultrasound revealed 42 carcinomas definitely and 8 carcinomas uncertainly (78%) and further indicated dilatation of bile and/or pancreatic ducts in 10 patients. Three sonographic examinations failed, and one resulted in a false negative finding (error of interpretation). ERCP proved to be a little more informative than CT in the further examinations.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Liver damage in nurses handling cytostatic agents.

Three consecutive head nurses developed liver injury after years of handling cytostatic drugs. They had neurological symptoms associated with elevated serum alanine amino-transferase (ALAT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels. Liver histology showed portal hepatitis with piecemeal necrosis in one of them, the others had hepatic fibrosis and fat accumulation. The subjects' livers were metabolically active as reflected by adaptive and toxic changes in cellular ultrastructure. After withdrawal of the drugs, serum ALAT and ALP values fluctuated between normal and 2-3 times elevated. Follow-up biopsies demonstrated an increase in collagen fibres and a decrease in microsomal enzyme activity, as reflected by arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in vitro. The findings suggest that handling of cytostatic drugs may insidiously damage the liver, which, with time, seems to lead to irreversible fibrosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Gastric mucosal erosions. An endoscopic, histological, and functional study.

Gastric erosions were detected in 404 patients in an elective gastroscopic series of 3837 patients. One hundred and seventeen patients with predominant erosion findings were examined in detail, and the results compared with those of age- and sex-matched controls. No difference was observed between patients and controls with regard to antral and body gastritis. The complete (type I) erosions were different from the other erosion types. They were more often located in the body mucosa (p less than 0.001), and foveolar hyperplasia (p less than 0.025) and hyperplastic polyps (p less than 0.01) and characteristics of A gastritis in the surrounding mucosa were common. The erosion patients had a higher acid secretion capacity than the corresponding controls (p less than 0.005), but with regard to the type of erosion, only the patients with incomplete (type IIb) erosions differed statistically significantly from the corresponding controls (p less than 0.005).

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Gastric mucosal erosions; a clinical history and findings and the possible role of herpes simplex infection in aetiology.

To reveal the aetiology and pathogenesis of chronic gastric erosions, selected clinical and laboratory variables in 117 patients with different types of gastric mucosal erosion as a predominant finding at elective gastroscopy were studied and the results compared with age- and sex-matched controls. Recurrent symptoms were the only characteristics in the symptomatology of the erosion patients compared with the controls (p less than 0.001). Recent ingestion of analgesics was associated with incomplete (type IIa) erosions (p less than 0.001) and was common especially among female patients. Irregular working hours were also reported by patients with this type of erosion (p less than 0.025). Smoking was more common among erosion patients than controls (p less than 0.05). Herpes labialis lesions (cold sores, fever blisters) occurred in 10 of the erosion patients, but in only one of the corresponding controls (p less than 0.01). Herpes simplex/virus antibody titres of 1:32 or more were associated with the erosions (p less than 0.05), particularly the complete (type I) ones (p less than 0.01). Thus, the various factors probably of importance in the aetiology and pathogenesis of gastric mucosal erosions are the same as those discussed in peptic ulcer disease, which points to a common aetiology and pathogenesis. The possibility of herpes simplex/virus aetiology in some, perhaps complete type, erosions is suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Duodenogastric bile reflux as measured by an isotope technique and its correlation with endoscopic findings.

76 patients were examined for duodenogastric reflux by gastroscopy and by a non-invasive isotope method using Tc-99m diethyliminodiacetic acid. The bile acid concentration of endoscopically aspirated gastric juice was measured. The patients with endoscopically diagnosed bile in the stomach (51 patients) had duodenogastric reflux significantly (p less than 0.05) more often in the isotope examination than the patients without bile observed in the stomach (25 patients). The amount of bile as estimated endoscopically correlated well with the bile and acid concentration of gastric juice. However, 18 patients with endoscopic bile reflux had no reflux in the isotope examination and 9 patients without endoscopic bile reflux had a mild reflux isotopically. The reflux estimations made endoscopically tend to give comparable results in general, but in many patients the results entirely differ from those obtained with the isotope method. We suggest that this difference is mainly due to the invasive nature of the endoscopic examination.

Bile Acids and Salts↗
PubMed1982

Colonoscopic appearance of the remnant of the appendix after total inversion.

In a series of 395 total colonoscopies, an oblong smooth tumor was seen in the cecum of six patients corresponding to the remnant of the totally inverted appendix. All the patients had undergone a laparotomy during which the appendix was inverted. The histological examination demonstrated a uniform finding without any signs of polyp or malignancy. Our findings stress that the appendix fails to undergo necrosis after total inversion in some cases, in which the changes in the cecum can be readily identified by total colonoscopy.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Family behaviour of gastric carcinoma.

The etiology of gastric carcinoma was investigated by the family study method. Familial factors had no great significance when gastric carcinoma was treated as a single disease. The role of familial factors could be demonstrated much better when gastric carcinomas were divided into histological subgroups. They appeared to be significant in the aetiology only of diffuse gastric carcinoma. The analysis based on the age and sex of the patient indicated that familial factors were associated with gastric carcinoma only in females, particularly young females.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

Correlation of double-contrast radiography and endoscopy in reflux esophagitis.

Esophageal double-contrast radiography was performed on 19 patients with endoscopically verified reflux esophagitis and on 12 patients with endoscopically normal esophagus. Using the findings at endoscopy as a reference, double-contrast radiography showed four false-negatives and one false-positive finding, its overall accuracy being 84%. In both double-contrast radiography and endoscopy, hiatal incompetence correlated poorly with the presence of any esophagitis. It was concluded that double-contrast radiography is the radiological method of choice in suspected reflux esophagitis, and that screening of the lower esophagus should be included in examinations of the upper gastrointestinal tract.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The diagnostic accuracy of gray-scale ultrasonography compared with ERP and arteriography in the detection of pancreatic carcinoma.

Forty patients who underwent ultrasound, endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP), and selective arteriography examinations and who had a finding of or were suspected of having pancreatic carcinoma in one or several of these examinations form the basis of the study. Nineteen pancreatic carcinomas were verified at operation. Eighteen of these could be detected with ERP, 18 with arteriography, and 15 with sonography. ERP had no, arteriography one and sonography one false-negative finding. All methods had difficulties in distinguishing carcinoma from other pancreatic diseases, and therefore there were many false-positive findings.

Angiography↗
PubMed1978

Double-blind study of carbenoxolone in gastric ulcer and erosions.

The effect of carbenoxolone on the healing of gastric ulcer and erosions was compared with that of placebo. The series consisted of 20 patients with chronic gastric ulcers and 20 patients with superficial erosions of the stomach. The diagnosis as well as the follow-up of the lesions were based on gastroscopic examinations. The ulcers were measured gastroscopically. A double-blind method was used. Besides carbenoxolone 50 mg or placebo three times daily, all the patients received antacids in fixed dosage for six weeks. Subjective symptoms and cardiovascular side-effects were recorded. Maximal acid output and serum gastrin levels were measured before and after the treatment. No difference was seen between carbenoxolone and placebo groups with regard to the healing rate of the ulcers of disappearance of the erosions. The subjective symptoms subsided significantly faster in the treatment groups than in the control groups. No cardiovascular side-effects were evident during the treatment with carbenoxolone. One patient needed potassium supplements. Carbenoxolone had no effect on the pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion nor on the serum gastrin values.

Carbenoxolone↗
PubMed1978

Gastric lesion and pernicious anemia: a family study.

34 subjects including 5 probands with pernicious anemia, 3 probands with severe atriphic body gastritis and 26 of their first-degree relatives were studied gastroscopically, bioptically, functionally and immunologically. In general, members of the same family revealed a trend to behave similarly with respect to the parameters studied. Signs of A-gastritis (severe atrophy of gastric body glands with a normal or almost normal antrum, achlorhydria, hypergastrinemia and parietal cell antibodies), with intrinsic factor antibodies in the gastric juice and diminished intrinsic factor secretion without anemia were found both in families of probands with atrophic gastritis and pernicious anemia. This suggests a close etiopathogenetic relation of this type of mucosal lesion to overt pernicious anemia. Determination of HCl output and serum gastrin level enabled us to distinguish two differently behaving subgroups in the series, one of them with characteristics of overt adult pernicious anemia. Very low intrinsic factor secretion was found almost exclusively in connection with the presence of intrinsic factor antibodies in the gastric juice and always with severe atrophy of gastric body glands.

Anemia, Pernicious↗
PubMed1977

A gastroscopic and histological double-blind study of the effects of diclofenac sodium and naproxen on the human gastric mucosa.

The effects of diclofenac sodium and naproxen on the gastric mucosa were studied in a double-blind trial by gastroscopy, gastrophotography and histological examination of the mucosa in six healthy volunteers. Detectable lesions were evident in the mucosa of four subjects after administration of both drugs, and the lesions were more extensive after the ingestion of naproxen than after diclofenac sodium in all of these cases. The most serious lesions verified by both gastroscopy and histology always occurred after exposure to naproxen. The histology of the gastric mucosa of two subjects with severe lesions showed spotty to moderate chronic superficial gastritis, whereas the overall histological appearance of the mucosa was normal in subjects with slight or moderate lesions after drug administration. The maximal acid output was positively correlated with the severity of the lesions. Subjective symptoms occurred in one person during diclofenac sodium and in three during naproxen administration.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Absorption, and effect on gastric mucosa, of buffered and non-buffered tablets of acetylsalicylic acid.

The effect of buffered and non-buffered acetylsalicylic acid tablets on gastric mucosa and gastric distress was investigated in healthy volunteers and in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The absorption of acetylsalicylic and salicylic acids was also measured. The absorption of salicylic acid was not affected in clinically significant amounts by buffering the tablets. Buffered tablets containing aluminum subacetate showed a slightly delayed absorption of salicylic acid. Damage to the gastric mucosa tended to be less after the preparation buffered by magnesium hydroxide. Subjective feelings to gastric distress were not affected by buffering.

Aspirin↗