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Biomedical subjects

J Lantos

Publications and source records attributed to J Lantos.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Phage types, antibiograms and R-plasmids of Klebsiella and Enterobacter isolated from hospital environment and food.

Four-hundred and twenty-two Klebsiella strains and 294 Enterobacter strains were isolated from direct or indirect environment of hospitalized patients, from foodstuffs, foods, culinary utensils and staff in hospital and in catering establishments. Of Klebsiella, the species K. aerogenes (76.5%) of Enterobacter, the species E. cloacae (77.6%) occurred the most frequently in all specimens. Klebsiella strains were typable in 68.5%; 53.1% of the Enterobacter strains were sensitive to phage. Most of the untypable Klebsiella and Enterobacter strains and the multiresistant strains originated from screening in hospitals. Sensitive bacteria as well as those resistant to one or two antibiotics may be potentially dangerous for the patient consuming them, since they may become multiresistant due to R-plasmid transfer.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1986

Changes during ischaemia in extracellular potassium ion concentration of the brain under nitrous oxide or hexobarbital-sodium anaesthesia and moderate hypothermia.

Changes in the time lag until a steep increase in cerebral extracellular potassium ion concentration occurring during total ischaemia caused by clamping of the aorta were investigated in dogs. The results indicate that during two subsequent clamping of the aorta in the same animal the time lag between the start of ischaemia and the steep increase in potassium ion concentration (1) hardly changed during nitrous oxide anaesthesia, i.e. from 2.09 +/- 0.31 to 2.22 +/- 0.51 min; (2) as a response to the administration of hexobarbital-sodium the steep increase took place 0.50 +/- 0.37 min later, i.e. 2.89 +/- 0.74 min after the administration of the drug and then, at the second clamping, 2.39 +/- 0.71 min; (3) during a 1 degree C decrease in body temperature the steep increase took place 0.29 +/- 0.05 min later. From the values of cerebral extracellular potassium ion concentration during ischaemia the conclusion might be drawn that hypothermia serves as the principal factor in the protection of the ischaemic brain tissue; meanwhile, also hexobarbital-sodium has a significant though somewhat smaller protective effect.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1985

Correlations between the quantity of cerebral flow, brain surface pO2, and EEG in the dog.

Complete cerebral ischemia was carried out in 19 dogs by repeated occlusion of the large neck arteries. The interruption of cerebral blood flow (CBF) was controlled with the electric silence recorded on EEG and the rapid fall of brain surface oxygen tension (bspO2). A critical flow was determined in each experiment by release of clamping of one artery (left carotid artery), which seemed effective not only to stop the decrease of bspO2 but also to ensure the reappearance of EEG waves. This crucial value of carotid artery flow (CAF) was 49 ml/min and 38 ml/min after the first and second occlusions, respectively. The EEG changes during different phases of experiments were stored on magnetic tape and analyzed by computer. The distribution of the analyzed power spectrum of EEG provides a special characterization of brain function. Strict correlations are found between the actual blood flow and the changes of EEG and bspO2. Either alteration of the recorded two parameters can accurately reflect the possibility of brain recovery during and after short-lasting ischemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from drinking water by serogrouping, phage sensitivity and pyocin pattern.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated in the years 1977-1981 from drinking water samples fell into a large number of epidemiological units determined on the basis of serogroups, phage sensitivity and pyocin pattern. Strains isolated from water were, as a rule, sensitive to more phages than strains cultured from clinical material. The 427 water isolates fell into 8 serogroups and 31 pyocin patterns; 25.1% were untypable by the pyocin method. The frequency of isolation of different phage patterns varied annually. The most frequent epidemiological unit, comprising 9.1% of the isolates, was (serogroup: phage pattern: pyocin pattern) O1: 2/7/16/21/44/68/73/F7/F8/109/119x/352/1214/M4/C11/C18/C21:12 3567; 73.8% of the strains belonged to epidemiological units each represented by less than 4 strains. The large number of epidemiological units indicated that the distribution system had frequently been polluted with P. aeruginosa at different sites, but the organism was unable to invade the whole water supply system.

Bacteriolysis↗
PubMed1984

Circulatory and EEG changes during resuscitation in experiments.

In anaesthetized dogs blood pressure (BP), carotid artery flow (CAF), oxygen tension of arterial blood (paO2) and brain surface (bs-pO2), ECG, frequency analyzed EEG were measured and/or recorded. The changes in these parameters were detected before and during ventricular fibrillation with external and direct heart massage as well as after defibrillation. Comparisons were made between the effect of oxygen and room air ventilation. The ratio of successful resuscitation was 88% with direct heart massage and O2 respiration, 76% with external thoracic massage and O2 ventilation, and 68% with external massage combined with room air respiration. The highest BP and CAF could be achieved with direct heart massage. The results suggest that the minimal requirement for success is to achieve a BP of 5 kPa (40 mmHg) and 13 ml/min CAF. In dogs with large and stiff thorax this minimal pressure and flow could not be attained. During effective massage with room air ventilation brain surface pO2 increases moderately, but with O2-respiration it returns to normal. Small or no changes in bs-pO2 indicates unfavourable prognosis. The start bs-pO2 elevation coincides with the reappearance of the first EEG waves, while pO2 increase on the brain surface precedes the normalization of EEG.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Primordial conditions of successful resuscitation: experimental study.

In anesthetized dogs blood pressure (BP), carotid artery flow (CAF), oxygen tension of arterial blood (PaO2) and brain surface (bs-PO2), ECG, and frequency-analyzed EEG were measured and recorded. The changes in these parameters were detected in the control state and during ventricular fibrillation with external and direct heart massage as well as after defibrillation. Comparisons were made between the effect of oxygen and room air ventilation. The degree of successful resuscitation was 88% with direct heart massage and O2 respiration, 76% with external thoracic massage and O2 ventilation, and 68% with external massage combined with room air respiration. The highest BP and CAF could be achieved with direct heart massage. The results suggest the following: the minimal requirement for success is to achieve a BP of 5 kPa 40 mmHg and 13 ml/min CAF. In cases of dogs with a large and stiff thorax, this minimal pressure and flow cannot be ensured. During effective massage with room air ventilation, the brain surface PO2 increases moderately, but with O2-respiration it returns to normal. Small or no change in brain surface PO2 indicates an unfavorable prognosis. The start of brain surface PO2 elevation coincides with the reappearance of the first EEG waves, but the bs-PO2 increase precedes the normalization of EEG.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Tubulointerstitial inflammation, cast formation, and renal parenchymal damage in experimental pyelonephritis.

Some basic changes in experimental pyelonephritis were studied by transmission and scanning electron microscope. Initially, bacteria settled and multiplied in capillaries and venules. Leukocytes first marginated and then escaped from the capillaries, particularly to the wide peritubular interstitium. After opening the tubular basement membrane, the infiltrating leukocytes were immediately localized in the tubular wall between epithelial cells but were never seen between the epithelial cells and the underlying basement membrane. The inflammatory cells seemed not to be able to pass through the tight junctions of the nonnecrotic tubular epithelium. As a consequence of severe inflammatory injury, the tight junctions exhibited alterations of intermediate junction type. Where circumscribed necrosis of the tubular walls occurred, leukocytes appeared in the lumen. Thus, pus casts originated from these sites, apparently as drainage of interstitial abscesses. The secondary/regressive and regenerative/tubular changes were similar to those occurring after various tubular lesions.

Abscess↗
PubMed1982

Escherichia coli strains isolated from surface waters. Distribution by resistance to antibiotics and R-plasmid transfer.

Samples were taken from surface waters in Csongrád county in the months March through December, 1980. Escherichia coli isolates selected at random were tested for resistance to 5 antibiotics and for R-plasmid carriership. Of the strains isolated from Tisza river at each of 8 sampling sites, 50-60% were sensitive to all the 5 antibiotics. The percentage of sensitivity was much lower if only the strains isolated during the summer months, when the water level was high, or those isolated from affluents and backwaters were taken into account. The frequency of resistance was the highest for tetracycline, followed in order by ampicillin, streptomycin, kanamycin and chloramphenicol. R-plasmid was carried by 43% of the resistant isolates tested, mainly by multiresistant ones.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1982

[Electrometric measurements (pH, pK) on the surface of the liver during experimental changes of hepatic circulation].

In 26 dogs, pH and K+-concentration measured continuously on the surface of the liver. The same decrease of pH and increase of the K+-concentration was found after ligation of the hepatic artery as when arterial and portal circulations were suspended. Reperfusion restored normal conditions even after 45 minutes of circulatory arrest. Arterialization of the portal vein abolished the effect of the ligation of the hepatic artery.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Orchidopexy and fertility].

The authors report on experiences which they could prove during the last ten years (1970-1979) in disturbances of a descent of the testis. Particular consideration is given to the orchidopexy in later childhood or adolescence and to fertility. The importance of the right time of operation and the technique of the intervention protecting the tissue are emphasized.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

R-plasmid study of an outbreak caused by multiresistant strains of Salmonella panama.

A salmonella panama outbreak was observed in the months May through July, 1979, in the newborn and intensive wards of a paediatric hospital. The isolates proved to be multiresistant to antibiotics. To clarify the presumed R-plasmid nature of the multiresistance, the transfer of the resistance to five antibiotics, viz. ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, kanamycin and tetracycline, was studied. Escherichia cole K12 Nalr, the strain used as recipient, acquired resistance simultaneously to four antibiotics, viz. ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin and kanamycin. The minimum inhibitory concentration for the transconjugants agreed well with that of the original S. panama strain. Resistant and multiresistant E. coli. strains not belonging to serogroups associated with infantile enteritis were isolated from the intestinal flora of several patients and symptomless carriers. Elimination of the transmissible multiresistance was observed in 0.15-1.1% of the strains.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1980

Pancreatic tissue pH in experimental acidosis and alkalosis.

The pH was studied in pancreatic tissue and arterial blood in 22 dogs. Respiratory acidosis was induced by CO2 inhalations in 5 dogs, respiratory alkalosis by hyperventilation in 5 dogs, metabolic acidosis by intravenous(i.v.) infusion of 0.1 N HCl in 5 dogs, metabolic alkalosis by i.v. infusion of 4.2% Na bicarbonate in 5 dogs. The differences between the shifts of blood pH and tissue pH were not significant statistically. Infusion of Ringer's solution failed to affect the pH in blood and pancreatic tissue in two control animals. It is concluded, that with an adequate tissue blood flow the pancreatic tissue pH is uninformative unless the blood pH is known.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1980

Changes of electrical activity and surface potassium concentration of the brain during ischaemia and reperfusion.

Electrical activity and surface potassium ion concentration of the dog brain showed characteristic changes during acute ischaemia caused by 1-to 5-min occlusion of the aorta and during subsequent reperfusion. The present results show that (1) brain surface potassium concentration increases slowly during ischaemia, however, a sudden elevation ensues 3.07 +/- 1.03 min after the start of occlusion; (2) the higher the arterial glucose level is, the later this steep elevation of potassium concentration develops; (3) restitution of electrical activity of the brain during reperfusion, after an ischaemic period when potassium concentration was significantly elevated, occurred significantly later than during reperfusion after an ischaemic episode when the increase of surface potassium concentration was only moderate.

Animals↗