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Biomedical subjects

J Lambert

Publications and source records attributed to J Lambert.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Occupational hearing loss: an aural rehabilitation program for workers and their spouses, characteristics of the program and target group (participants and nonparticipants).

Until very recently, aural rehabilitation programs designed specifically for workers with occupational hearing loss were nonexistent in the Province of Quebec. A pilot study has been conducted to test and develop suitable services for these workers and their spouses, and to explore the factors causing them to seek (or on the other hand, avoid) professional assistance. A trial rehabilitation program was set up for this purpose. Results of a questionnaire conducted among program participants showed that the main factors leading to enrollment in the program were the acknowledgement of moderate or severe hearing handicap and the recognition of the need for help (particularly with problems such as tinnitus and stress, and in using strategies to facilitate communication). These results lend support to the idea of adopting a new approach to rehabilitation services for occupational hearing loss workers. According to the findings of the study, only a very small percentage of workers and spouses participated in the rehabilitation program, despite measures taken to adapt it to their needs. Low enrollment in the rehabilitation program suggests the need for: (1) a more well-defined target population, (2) strategies to promote greater understanding, awareness, and acceptance of hearing handicap on the part of occupational hearing loss workers and peoples surrounding them, (3) education at the work place and in society in general to increase motivation and awareness of the benefits of aural rehabilitation services, (4) integration of the program within the general health program in the work place, (5) measures to enhance the credibility of professionals in the rehabilitation services, (6) general and specific programs and follow-up services, and (7) more accessible services.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1988

An evaluation of the hemiplegic subject based on the Bobath approach. Part III. A validation study.

Sixty-two hemiplegic subjects were treated with the Bobath approach for a period of three months. During this time they were evaluated on three occasions. The testing battery consisted of a Bobath evaluation, the Brunnstrom scale, the Fugl-Meyer test, the Upper Extremity Functional Test (UEFT) and the Present Pain Intensity (PPI) of the McGill pain questionnaire. A Friedman analysis of variance showed that, except for pain, all the protocols used disclosed significant progress (p less than 0.001) over time in terms of motor recovery. Except for pain, the results of the Bobath evaluation were significantly correlated (Spearman's Rho, p less than 0.001) with the results of the other testing procedures. It is concluded that the new Bobath evaluation proposed in a previous paper is as sensitive in depicting progress in motor recovery over time as are the other testing procedures used. Furthermore, this new evaluation seems to be measuring similar properties to the other tests. However, pain (PPI) appears not to be an important dependent variable.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Deletion of a DNA sequence in eight of nine families with X-linked ichthyosis (steroid sulphatase deficiency).

Deficiency of steroid sulphatase (STS) is associated with ichthyosis, with failure of the placental production of oestriol in late pregnancy and with difficulties in childbirth. The STS gene has been localised by deletion mapping to the distal tip of the snort arm of the X chromosome, and is of interest in that it appears to escape X-inactivation. We have constructed an X-specific DNA library and screened it for single copy DNA sequences which lie at the distal end of Xp. The sequence GMGX9 was found to map in the interval Xp22.3-pter and to detect a frequent HindIII polymorphism. We have used GMGX9 in linkage studies in families with classical X-linked ichthyosis and this has not only shown tight linkage with STS deficiency but has also revealed that the sequence is deleted in affected males in eight of nine families. GMGX9 is present in all of 26 normal male individuals so far examined. Our findings suggest that a high proportion of the mutations at the STS locus leading to enzyme deficiency are deletions, presumably generated by unequal cross-over events in female meiosis or by illegitimate X-Y interchange in male meiosis.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1987

A division of HLA-DQw1 associated with DR1, DR1x-DQw1, DR2 short, DRw10, and DRw14. I. Definition by alloantiserum LY 1327.

We have identified an alloantiserum, LY 1327, directed against part of DQw1-positive cells. This split of DQw1 includes DR1, DR1x, DR2sh, DRw10, and DRw14; the other DQ-associated specificities, -DR2 long and DRw13, are unreactive. Segregation was ascertained in 11 informative Caucasoid families and in 33 genotyped individuals. DR1x refers to a specificity typing as DR blank DQw1, detected by certain anti-DR1 sera and recognized cellularly by HTC DwBON DR blank DQw1 (A. Cambon, Toulouse). Biochemical analysis by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and DNA analysis by restriction fragment length polymorphism will be discussed since they support the existence of this division of DQw1.

Epitopes↗
PubMed1987

Cellular and serological subtypes of HLA-DR2.

HLA-DR2 and its subtypes were investigated in informative families and unrelated Caucasoid individuals. Serological and cellular typing indicate that DR2 can be divided into DR2 long and DR2 short (sh), each of which can be further subdivided either by HLA-D typing or primed lymphocyte reagents. DR2 long includes Dw2, Dw12 and a new subtype temporarily called D-GEN. The cellular equivalent of DR2sh was recognized by mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) practised in a family (family FJO); the typing cell individualized was termed FJO. The reactivity of this cell is compared with similar DR2sh varieties described in other laboratories: MN2 (Bach, Minneapolis), AZH (Brautbar, Jerusalem), DB9 (Layrisse, Caracas). The distinction between FJO, MN2 and AZH is not clear, suggesting the existence of shared epitopes; DB9 cells gave typing responses only in family FJO but typed no one else in our panel. Primed cellular reagents FJO anti Dw2 and Dw2 anti FJO when tested against DR2 subtypes support the distinction between DR2 long and DR2sh. The use of these subgroups of DR2 in functional studies, the biochemical analysis of their class II molecules, the pattern of their DNA recombinant fragments and the correlation established with some diseases will be discussed, since they further contribute to the cleavage between DR2 subtypes.

HLA-D Antigens↗
PubMed1987

A comparison of a sustained release preparation of tiaprofenic acid with the conventional tablet formulation and a placebo in rheumatoid arthritis.

In a randomized double-blind, multicentre crossover study, the short-term efficacy and tolerance of tiaprofenic acid (TA) conventional tablet 300 mg twice daily was compared with a sustained release preparation of tiaprofenic acid 600 mg once daily and with a placebo in 146 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. After a minimum washout period of three days, patients were randomly allocated to receive each treatment for a period of two weeks each in a crossover fashion. Pain levels, duration of morning stiffness, onset of inactivity stiffness, articular index, and grip strength, were measured at the end of the washout period and at the end of each treatment period. Escape analgesic consumption, patient compliance, patient preference and overall assessment were measured at the end of each treatment period. Side-effects were noted and standard laboratory tests performed. Sustained release TA was shown to be as effective as the conventional tablet TA in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, producing significant improvements in efficacy parameters measured. Both preparations were as well tolerated as the placebo.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Functional surgery in cancer of the laryngeal vestibule. Apropos of 149 cases treated at the Institut Gustave-Roussy].

Functional surgery for treatment of 149 cases of cancer of vestibule of larynx admitted to the Institut Gustave-Roussy, Paris, included 92 supraglottic horizontal laryngectomies and 57 reconstructive subtotal laryngectomies with crico-hyoidopexy. General selection criteria for performing subtotal laryngectomy were very strict: local criteria included tumor of vestibule with possible extension to ventricle, to an arytenoid cartilage or to the HTE space, and regional criteria, more particularly, required absence of any palpable gland or mobile gland of less than 2.5 cm. This rigorous selection explains excellent carcinologic results: 90.8% survival after 5 years following subtotal laryngectomy as against 37.9% after supraglottic horizontal laryngectomy, equivalent to a survival rate for all cases of cancer of vestibule of larynx treated by functional surgery of 65% at 3 years and 58% at 5 years.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Cancer of the valleculal and laryngeal vestibule treated by supraglottic horizontal laryngectomy. Apropos of 173 surgically treated cases at the Institut Gustave-Roussy].

The authors make a report on a series of 173 supraglottal horizontal laryngectomies carried out from 1970 to 1984 at the Gustave-Roussy Institute of Villejuif. After recalling of operability conditions and tackling characteristics of this series are quoted variants required from tumours localisations diversity and importance of extension. Then are treated clinical and anatomo-pathological classification as briefly surgeries results. This work is specially concerning in survival by analysing different topographical clinical and histological criteria. Survival of 173 patients, having gone through an supra-glottal laryngectomy is 45.5% at 3 years and 31.3% at 5 years. At least, reasons of failure are analysed. This kind of partial surgery caring of voice, should be proposed to patients affected by vallecula or epiglottis carcinomas as regards of good functional and improved carcinological results.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Oophoropexy and the management of Hodgkin's disease. A reevaluation of the risks and benefits.

Female patients with Hodgkin's disease who undergo staging laparotomy frequently have oophoropexy performed to preserve both fertility and hormone production. Because of recent changes in therapy favoring systemic chemotherapy rather than total nodal irradiation for patients with stage III Hodgkin's disease, the need for oophoropexy may be less than previously described. Thirty-nine women of childbearing age underwent laparotomy at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, from 1970 to 1984. Twenty-seven patients underwent oophoropexy. Only three of these patients would have needed this procedure based on their subsequent therapy. Two patients required additional gynecologic surgery because of complications related to the oophoropexy. The success rate in preservation of menstrual function and fertility is also discussed. We review the previous experience with oophoropexy and suggest an alternative approach to the routine use of this procedure.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1986

Is occupational noise exposure during pregnancy a risk factor of damage to the auditory system of the fetus?

In the Province of Quebec, the regulated daily noise exposure limit is 90 dBA-8h. This limit value also applies to pregnant women. Experimental studies suggest however, that this standard is not sufficiently stringent to protect the auditory system of the fetus, particularly in cases of low-frequency noise exposure. An exploratory study was undertaken to assess this possibility. A total of 131 children were examined. Their mothers had worked, while pregnant with that child, in noise conditions ranging from 65 to 95 dBA-8h. Results show a three-fold increase in the risk of having a high-frequency hearing loss in the children whose mothers were exposed to noise in the range between a LAeq,9 m of 85 to 95 dB, and a significant increase in the risk of hearing loss at a frequency of 4000 Hz when these exposures involved a strong component of low-frequency noise.

Female↗
PubMed1986

Sucrose in the diet of diabetic patients--just another carbohydrate?

The effects of regularly eating sucrose were studied in 23 diabetic patients, 12 Type 1 (insulin-dependent) and 11 Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent), with differing degrees of glycaemic control. Two diets, each lasting 6 weeks, were compared in a randomised cross-over study. Both diets were high in fibre and low in fat. In one diet 45 g of complex carbohydrate was replaced by 45 g of sucrose taken at mealtimes. There were no significant biochemical differences between the two diets in either Type 1 or Type 2 patients. In Type 1 patients the mean (+/- SEM) fasting plasma glucose was 10.5 (1.8)mmol/l on the control diet and 10.3 (1.5) mmol/l on sucrose. In Type 2 patients the levels were 9.1 (0.8) mmol/l and 8.9 (0.8) mmol/l respectively. Glycosylated haemoglobin for the Type 1 patients was 9.9% on control and 10.3% on sucrose; for Type 2 patients the figures were 9.3% and 9.0% respectively. There were no differences in mean daily plasma glucose levels or diurnal glucose profiles. Cholesterol (total and in lipoprotein fractions) was unchanged, as were diurnal triglyceride profiles and plasma insulin profiles in the Type 2 patients. There were no changes in medication or body weight. We conclude that a moderate amount of sucrose taken daily at mealtimes does not cause deterioration in metabolic control in diabetic patients following a high fibre/low fat diet.

Adult↗