Oestrus and pregnancy diagnosis by milk progesterone assay in the mare.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
J Laitinen
Publications and source records attributed to J Laitinen.
Effects of low-frequency magnetic fields on implantation in rats.
Effects of 50-Hz sinusoidal magnetic fields (MFs) on embryo implantation, serum 17beta-estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, and melatonin levels, and on estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) densities in the uterus were studied during the preimplantation and implantation periods in rats. Pregnant Wistar rats were exposed to magnetic r.m.s. field strengths of 10 or 100 A/m (13 or 130 microT) or sham-exposed (controls) from day 0 of pregnancy for 24 h/day and killed during light and dark periods between 70 h and 176 h after ovulation. MFs did not influence the mean total number of implantations. The nocturnal mean serum melatonin concentration decreased by 34 and 38% at 10 and 100 A/m, respectively. At the same time, the first embryos, at an early developmental stage, arrived in the uterus in the MF-exposed groups. Serum estradiol and progesterone levels did not significantly change. Nuclear PgR and ER densities in the uterus decreased before implantation and there was an increased incidence of early stage embryos and fewer hatched embryos were found in the uterus at 100 A/m. During the early implantation period, the uterine cytosolic ER/PgR-ratio was increased at 100 A/m and no implants were concomitantly found in uterus. The nuclear ER/PgR-ratio decreased during implantation in both MF-groups due to decreased nuclear ER density. At the same time, 19% and 15% of the embryos (calculated from the corpora luteae) at 10 and 100 A/m, respectively, were yet morulae and not implanted. In summary, the results show that MFs do not impair implantation in rats although there may be some borderline changes in the transport and development of embryos and associated endocrinologic parameters.
Animals↗
Effect of metabolic control on autonomic function in obese patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.
To evaluate the effect of diet therapy and physical exercise on autonomic nervous function in newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes, we followed 83 middle-aged obese patients (48 men, 35 women) for a 15-month period. After a 3-month basic education programme the patients were randomized to one of two groups for comparison of standard treatment given by community health centres (conventionally treated group) and intensive dietary and exercise education (intervention group). Autonomic function was assessed by heart rate variability during deep breathing (expiration/inspiration ratio, E/I), and by systolic blood pressure response to standing up. The intensively treated women (n = 18) had the best blood glucose throughout the study, and this was the only group to show an improvement in E/I ratio (1.19 +/- 0.03 vs 1.30 +/- 0.05, mean +/- SEM, p < 0.05). None of the groups showed any significant change in systolic blood pressure response to standing up. For further analyses, the original groups were combined and thereafter divided into those with declining fasting blood glucose during the intervention phase (n = 39) and into those with no change or increase in blood glucose level (n = 44). The group with improving blood glucose level showed an increase in E/I ratio (1.22 +/- 0.02 vs 1.28 +/- 0.03, p < 0.01) while in the other group E/I ratio remained unchanged (1.21 +/- 0.02 vs 1.20 +/- 0.02). The difference in E/I ratio between these two groups was significant at 15 months (p < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Autonomic Nervous System↗
Changes in Finnish dental consonant articulation in cleft lip/palate children between 6 and 8 years of age.
The aim of this study was to clarify changes in the occurrence of misarticulations of dental consonants /r/, /s/ and /l/ between 6 and 8 years of age in cleft-affected Finnish children and to compare the effects of gender and to estimate if spacing due to changing of maxillary incisors could explain changes in articulation of these sounds. The subjects were 133 (47 girls, 86 boys) Finnish-speaking non-syndromic children with isolated cleft palate (n = 34), cleft lip/alveolus (n = 49), unilateral (n = 33), and bilateral (n = 17) cleft lip and palate. The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences between genders according to changes in articulation abilities by the age of 8 years. Eighty-one percent of the subjects with misarticulations at the age of 6 years still misarticulated at 8 years of age, and 16% of the subjects without misarticulations at the age of 6 years misarticulated at the age of 8 years; /s/ and /l/ misarticulations were eliminated more often than /r/ errors. New misarticulations were diagnosed at the age of 8 years in the same way in the groups with (14%) and without (16%) misarticulations at the age of 6 years. Dental arch spacing due to changing of maxillary incisors does not seem to explain new misarticulations of /r/, /s/ and /l/ sounds estimated at the age of 8 years.
Articulation Disorders↗
Comparisons of speech aerodynamics and lateral craniofacial cephalometrics in cleft lip and palate patients with and without Finnish /r/-sound distortion.
To study the associations between the articulation of the Finnish /r/ sound and dentofacial and pharyngeal lateral cephalometric morphology and speech physiology, 18 (12 females, 6 males) young adult cleft patients' /r/ sound was analysed auditorily by 3 speech experts. Laryngeal resistance (LARE), the smallest nasal cross-sectional area (NASA), nasal resistance (NASAR) and velopharyngeal orifice area (VEPA) were measured with pressure flow technique, and 31 points were identified from the lateral cephalograms to landmark the skeletal structure, pharyngeal airway diameters, and position of the hyoid bone. The present results showed no significant differences in lateral cephalometric skeletal, nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal or hypopharyngeal morphology between subjects with and without /r/-sound distortion. There were no significant correlations either between /r/ distortions and NASA, NASAR or VEPA. An anteriorly positioned hyoid bone was significantly associated with decreased LARE and /r/ distortion. LARE was significantly lower in subjects with /r/ distortion.
Adolescent↗
Velopharyngeal function from the age of three to eight years in cleft palate patients.
The purpose of this investigation was to study changes of velopharyngeal function between the ages of 3 and 8 years. The subjects were 65 (30 girls and 35 boys) Finnish-speaking non-syndromic children with isolated cleft palate (CP, n = 35) and with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP, n = 30) operated primarily at the age of 1.0-2.0 years. Before the age of 8 years, 16 children required velopharyngoplasty (VPP, ad modum Hoenig). The children were followed up for speech at the age of 3, 6 and 8 years. The perceptual speech characteristics nasal air emission, hypernasality, weakness of pressure consonants and compensatory articulations were registered. Indications for a velopharyngeal flap (by VPP) were identified on the basis of perceptual speech characteristics and confirmed by instrumental examinations. The results indicated that the method and timing of primary palatoplasty and sex did not correlate with the quality of velopharyngeal function. It was good both in children treated conservatively or with VPP at the age of 8 years. The children with a flap required speech therapy significantly more often than other children. No child with VPP and only 12% of the children without VPP had simultaneous nasal air emissions and hypernasality. Compensatory articulation was completely eliminated and weakness of pressure consonants was diagnosed only in 1 child without VPP. The CP children required significantly more often a velopharyngeal flap than the UCLP children. In conclusion, the CP and UCLP children develop a similar velopharyngeal function but in a different way.
Articulation Disorders↗
Associations between lateral cephalometric dimensions and misarticulations of Finnish dental consonants in cleft lip/palate children.
The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between lateral cephalometric variables and the misarticulation of /r/, /s/ and /l/ sound in cleft lip/palate children. The subjects were 134 Finnish-speaking 6-year-old boys with isolated cleft palate (CP, n = 33), unilateral (n = 44), bilateral (BCLP, n = 19) cleft lip and cleft lip/alveolus (n = 38); /r/, /s/ and /l/ distortions were obtained from original hospital records which were based on perceptual speech follow-ups performed by experienced speech pathologists. Cephalometric measurement points were determined from standardized lateral roentgen cephalograms and traced twice by a computer-connected digitizer. The data were entered into a microcomputer and analysed by NCSS 6.0 for Windows using appropriate tests. The results revealed new significant associations between cephalometric measurements and misarticulations, especially that of the /r/ sound in CP and BCLP groups. Children with /r/ distortion had upward rotation of the mandible, maxillary protrusion and a higher position of the hyoid bone in the CP group. In the BLCP group, on the contrary, the mandible had downward rotation, mandibular retrusion and narrower nasopharyngeal port. The /s/ and /l/ sounds were less clearly associated with craniofacial morphology. The anteroposterior relationship of the maxilla and the mandible did not have any association with dentoalveolar misarticulations, instead, the systematic vertical, particularly posterior relationship of the jaws seems to be associated with /r/ sound production in CP and BCLP boys.
Articulation Disorders↗
Enhancement of neurite outgrowth by laminin and by heparin-binding proteins of brain.
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Animals↗