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Biomedical subjects

J L Emery

Publications and source records attributed to J L Emery.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Parietal bone markers of intrauterine growth disturbance.

Old and new data on the size of the human parietal bone are presented. Attention is drawn to zonal changes in the configuration of the bones, particularly in fetuses and newborn babies, that almost certainly indicate phasic variations in the growth rate of the baby, and it is suggested that the estimation of the size of the bone where these abnormal zones occur may be a guide as to the intrauterine age of the child when the alteration in growth occurred. Parietal bone size could also be a help in describing local and general skeletal dysplasias.

Embryonic and Fetal Development↗
PubMed1986

Cot deaths in Australia, 1985.

A survey has been carried out of the pathology of cot deaths in Australia. Infection seems to play a bigger role in deaths in Melbourne than in some other areas such as Western Australia, but a smaller role than in the United Kingdom. The number of subclinical lesions that are found in infants who have suffered a cot death seems to be similar to that in the United Kingdom. The high cot death rate in Tasmania appears to be a truly elevated rate and not due to diagnostic variables. The "possibly preventable" postperinatal death rate in several areas is high. Many individuals are carrying out excellent research related to cot deaths in different parts of the Commonwealth. However, many appear to be working almost in isolation, and a need exists for one or more centres in Australia to carry out and coordinate studies of the background factors and of the pathology of all postperinatal deaths.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

Families in which two or more cot deaths have occurred.

A survey of twelve families with 2 or more cot deaths showed that in two families the deaths were completely unexplained; in three the babies had a probably familial developmental disorder; in two the care of the infants was seriously at fault and could have contributed to death; and in five filicide was probable. 3 of the mothers in the last group were psychologically ill. Detailed pathological and psychosocial investigations are needed in dealing with these deaths and in planning the care of future children.

England↗
PubMed1986

Early intimal lesions in the common carotid artery.

Histological sections of the common carotid arteries from 259 children who were stillborn or died under 16 years of age were examined for intimal thickening, lamellar irregularities and ruptures, foam cells, and fat. Lesions were present at birth in approximately half the children examined, and the incidence increased rapidly in the first two months after birth. All the children had the early features of the prodroma of atheroma by 8 months of age. Compared with the findings of previous studies of the coronary arteries and aorta the histological findings appeared in the carotid arteries at an earlier age. The prevalence of intimal lesions in infant cot deaths, chronic diseases, and congenital heart disease was compared with that in all other children in the study. There was no difference in the cot death group, but in children under 2 years in both the chronic disease and heart deformity group there was a lower incidence of intimal thickening and visible fat.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

The pathology of cot death.

Based on personal investigation of more than 2000 unexpected infant deaths it appears that 'cot deaths' do not form a pathological entity. This concept is supported by detailed pathological studies undertaken in a multicentre study of postperinatal mortality in the United Kingdom. Comprehensive necropsies were performed by paediatric pathologists on 519 infants including 293 whose death certificates indicated cot death. These 519 infants were examined for abnormalities of growth and development, metabolism and immunological status. Together with any evidence of atopy, and of old or recent tissue damage, a summation of disease present was obtained. Examined in this way the author believes that an explanation can be given for almost as many unexpected deaths as for deaths that occur in hospital, that is, are expected.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

Apnoea monitors compared with weighing scales for siblings after cot death.

A randomised control trial was carried out on support measures given to parents with a subsequent child after previously suffering a cot death. Apnoea monitors were used in one group and weighing scales in the other. General support measures given to both groups included the keeping of symptom charts and weekly visits by health visitors. Many alarms occurred which were presumed to be false. Eleven per cent fewer symptoms were reported by parents of children on monitors than parents of children being weighed daily. Both systems were acceptable and gave parents confidence. Sixty per cent of parents were reluctant to give up using the monitor compared with 26% of parents using scales. Virtually all parents commented on the great value of the weekly home visit of the health visitor and the symptom diary.

Apnea↗
PubMed1984

Tracheomalacia--lethal factor in a 17-month-old child.

A case is reported of a child who died at age 17 months after having repeated respiratory incidents, probably related to mild infections. After a fatal respiratory episode, tracheomalacia was detected at necropsy. No other abnormalities were found. This condition, unless suspected clinically, could easily be overlooked at necropsy.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1983

Family and community factors associated with infant deaths that might be preventable.

A detailed psychosocial study was made of all deaths in babies aged between 8 days and 2 years in Sheffield over two years. An identical assessment was made of a group of control children matched for age. Sixty five children who died and 102 controls were studied. Each index and control child was assessed for 13 potentially adverse social and family factors. The deaths were classified into causal groups. The families of children who died during the course of potentially treatable diseases (those with infections and those who presented as cot deaths but had treatable infection) had a significantly greater number of adverse social factors than the families of children who died from conditions with a poor prognosis, children who presented as completely unexplained cot deaths, and controls. The adverse factors studied, although often related to economic state, appeared to be independent of social class.

Communication↗
PubMed1983

Prevention of unexpected infant death. Evaluation of the first seven years of the Sheffield Intervention Programme.

In the years 1973-79, 39452 infants born to parents resident in Sheffield were scored at birth for risk of unexpected infant death. Before 1973 post-perinatal mortality in Sheffield was on average 11.5% above the rate for England and Wales. Since 1973 it has only once exceeded the rate for England and Wales. "Possibly preventable" deaths have fallen from 5.2 to 1.9 per 1000. 12% of this decline is associated with a rise in the average age of the mother and a fall in the number of pregnancies, 9% with a reduction in precipitate deliveries, 24% with an increase in breastfeeding, 18% with extra care given by health visitors to high-risk infants, and 36% with other factors. The reduction in mortality attributed directly to the effect of increased visiting of high-risk infants is numerically similar to the number of lives saved by treating cancers of children. This suggests that home visiting by health visitors is highly cost-effective.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗