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Biomedical subjects

J Kumpulainen

Publications and source records attributed to J Kumpulainen.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Formula feeding results in lower selenium status than breast-feeding or selenium supplemented formula feeding: a longitudinal study.

Thirty-two infants completely weaned by age 3.2 mo were randomized into two groups. Unsupplemented group was fed cow's milk-based liquid formula containing 3-5 micrograms Se/L. Se-supplemented group received the same formula supplemented with 20 micrograms Se/L. A third group consisted of exclusively breast-fed infants (51 at age 4 mo, 41 at 6 mo, 12 at 9 mo). Mean serum Se concentration in unsupplemented group decreased from 41 to 31 micrograms/L during the first 2 mo and remained constant until age 6 mo increasing gradually thereafter. In Se-supplemented group it increased steadily from 41 to 68 micrograms/L at age 6 mo and remained constant while supplemented formula was used. In breast-fed group it increased steadily until age 9 mo, between the levels of the two formula-fed groups, when it reached the concentration of Se-supplemented group. At age 12 mo no significant differences were present among the three groups.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Average total dietary intakes of organochlorine compounds from the Finnish diet.

As a contribution to the FAO/WHO organochlorine monitoring programme, samples of milk, eggs, beef pork, chops, game, animal livers as well as fish-liver oils were analysed for PCB-, DDT- and toxaphene compounds, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), heptachlor and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCH). From the annual consumption of the foodstuffs investigated average intakes of organochlorines were estimated and compared with the acceptable daily intakes (ADI) as set by FAO/WHO. Intakes from the sources studied were then compared with those from fish, butter and margarine. Total average dietary intakes were determined to be 14.4 micrograms/day for PCB, 2.9 for DDT, 2,3 for gamma-HCH, 1.7 for HCB, and 0.5 micrograms/day for heptachlor representing 0.08% of the ADI for DDT, 0.3% for HCH, 4.2% for HCB and 1.4% of the ADI for heptachlor.

Dairy Products↗
PubMed1985

Decreased serum selenium in alcoholics as related to liver structure and function.

Serum selenium was evaluated in relation to hepatic structure and function in 46 alcoholics with diagnostic liver biopsy classified into 4 groups by hepatic histology. Their serum selenium concentration varied from 12 to 88 micrograms/l and was lower (p less than 0.001) in all groups of alcoholics, ie patients with normal liver (53.0 +/- 20.7 micrograms/l, mean +/- SD), fatty liver (55.8 +/- 21.2 micrograms/l), alcoholic hepatitis (46.0 +/- 14.1 micrograms/l), and cirrhosis (41.1 +/- 12.8 micrograms/l), than in 25 healthy controls (88.7 +/- 11.0 micrograms/l). Serum selenium level was related to the severity of liver disease, and most reduced in subjects with decompensated alcoholic cirrhosis. Their serum selenium level (29.2 +/- 13.7 micrograms/l) was below (p less than 0.05) that obtained in alcoholics with normal liver and fatty liver respectively. Both inadequate dietary selenium intake and alcohol-induced changes in hepatic structure and function may have contributed to the decrease of serum selenium in the subjects studied.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Selenium status of exclusively breast-fed infants as influenced by maternal organic or inorganic selenium supplementation.

A longitudinal dietary Se supplementation study on lactating mothers was performed to determine the possibilities of improving the Se status of exclusively breast-fed infants. A total of 200 mothers randomized into three groups received either no Se supplements, 100 micrograms of selenite, or 100 micrograms of yeast-Se daily. Maternal and infant serum Se concentrations showed a linear correlation during exclusive breast-feeding. Yeast-Se in the dose administered was safe and more effective than selenite in increasing the Se concentrations of maternal serum and milk, and infant serum. The mean estimated daily Se intakes of the infants were 7.7 +/- 2.2, 8.9 +/- 2.2, and 11.5 +/- 4 micrograms, in the control, selenite, and yeast-Se groups respectively. Though the infant Se intakes of the unsupplemented and selenite-supplemented mothers were below the lower limit of the safe and adequate range as set by the US National Research Council, their serum Se concentrations increased steadily over the 6-mo study period. As maternal serum Se also increased by over 50% during the same period the results suggest that a maternal daily intake of 50-75 micrograms is adequate during lactation.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1984

Effect of maternal dietary selenium intake on selenium levels in breast milk.

The average dietary selenium intake in Finland is naturally low, approximately 30 micrograms/d, when domestic grain is exclusively consumed. Selenium concentrations were determined in 46 individual breast milk samples collected after 1, 2, and 3 months of lactation in 1980, when the average Finnish dietary selenium intake was approximately 50 micrograms/d due to consumption of high selenium US grain. Selenium concentrations were characterized by a pattern of slight decline with advancing stages of lactation: 11.8 +/- 1.7 micrograms/l (n = 13), 10.9 +/- 1.9 micrograms/l (n = 18) and 10.0 +/- 1.9 micrograms/l (n = 15) at 1, 2 and 3 months post partum, respectively. This pattern, however, contrasts strongly to that found in a 1976 set of breast milk samples: 10.7 +/- 1.6 micrograms/l (n = 13) and 5.8 +/- 1.2 micrograms/l (n = 13) at 1 and 3 months post partum, respectively. The dietary selenium intake of the subjects was determined to be 33 +/- 13 micrograms/d during the course of lactation. Analytically, the results of these studies are analogous, as the same investigator determined both sets of samples by exactly the same analytical procedure.

Diet↗
PubMed1984

Serum selenium, glutathione peroxidase activity and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol--effect of selenium supplementation.

In a prospective study a low serum selenium level was associated with an increased risk of coronary death and myocardial infarction (1). This study examined the relationship of serum selenium concentration with serum glutathione peroxidase activity (GSH-Px) and lipids connected with coronary atherogenesis. Serum selenium levels in 26 healthy subjects were positively correlated with GSH-Px activities and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. Selenium supplementation increased serum selenium level and the GSH-Px activity in a double-blind evaluation. The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol/cholesterol ratio increased during selenium supplementation in a group excluding subjects with a low cholesterol. The results suggest a link running from low serum selenium to reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and further to high coronary risk. Selenium supplementation may in subjects with low selenium reduce the the risk of coronary heart disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Determination of chromium in human milk, serum and urine by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry without preliminary ashing.

In the present study a Perkin-Elmer 5000 atomic absorption spectrometer equipped with a tungsten--iodide lamp for improved background correction at the 357.9 nm chromium absorption line and an HGA 500 graphite furnace were employed for the direct determination of chromium in human serum, milk and urine. The method of standard additions was used: 0.25-0.75 ng Cr was added to 1 ml samples. Except for urine samples, a dilution of 1 + 1 to 1 + 2 with H2O was necessary in order to obtain correct calibration curves. The average concentration of chromium in all the samples of normal subjects was less than 0.5 ng Cr ml-1. The day-to-day variation for all of the pooled samples was around 10% (relative standard deviation). For urine, the accuracy of the method was tested by comparing the results of another laboratory for the same two round robin samples. Excellent agreement was found between the present method and those of the other laboratory that had used isotope dilution--mass spectrometry and continuum source wavelength modulated echelle--atomic absorption spectrometry to define the chromium concentration in the samples. The detection limit of the method, 0.05 ng Cr ml-1 for urine and serum and 0.1 ng Cr ml-1 for human milk, was sufficient for the biological fluids analyzed. The method was employed for the determination of chromium in 24-h urine samples of maturity onset diabetics supplemented with 20 or 200 micrograms Cr3+ d-1 for six weeks. It was shown that the 24-h urinary chromium excretion accurately indicates the daily dietary chromium intake of these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometric determination of selenium in foods and diets.

The validity of 2 electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometric methods for determination of selenium in foods and diets was tested. By using 0.5% Ni(II) as a matrix modifier to prevent selenium losses during the ashing step, it was shown that selenium can be determined in samples containing greater than or equal to 1 microgram Se/g dry wt without organic extraction. The mean recovery tested, using NBS Bovine Liver, was 98%; recovery of added inorganic selenium in Bovine Liver matrix was 100%. In addition, this method gave values closest to the median value of all participating laboratories using hydride generation AAS or the spectrofluorometric method in a collaborative study on high selenium wheat, flour, and toast samples. For samples with concentrations less than 1 microgram Se/g dry wt, separation of selenium from interfering Fe and P ions by organic extraction was necessary. Using inorganic 75Se in meat and human milk matrixes, an ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate-methyl isobutyl ketone-extraction system with added Cu(II) as a matrix modifier yielded the best extraction recoveries, 97 and 98%, respectively. Accuracy and precision of the method were tested using several official and unofficial biological standard materials. The mean accuracy was within 4% of the certified or best values of the standard materials and the day-to-day variation was 9%. The Se/Fe or Se/P interference limits proved to be low enough not to affect selenium determinations in practically all foods or diets. The practical detection limit of the method was 3 ng Se/g dry wt for 1.0 g dry wt samples.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Longitudinal study on the dietary selenium intake of exclusively breast-fed infants and their mothers in Finland.

The dietary selenium intakes of a group of 13 lactating women living in the Helsinki metropolitan area and those of their 10 exclusively breast-fed infants were studied twice during the course of lactation. The first survey period of the women ranged from 6 to 8 weeks post-partum and the second from 17 to 22 weeks post-partum. The selenium intakes of the infants were determined at 1 and 3 months post-partum. In addition, the concentrations of selenium in the breast milk of four of the mothers were determined 6 months post-partum. Milk samples were collected by a method eliminating errors due to diurnal variations and variations during a single feeding. The validity of the analytical method employed was confirmed by means of an interlaboratory collaboration. The level of selenium concentration in the breast milk fell significantly (P less than 0.0005) from 10.7 +/- 1.6 micrograms/l at 1 month of lactation to 5.8 +/- 1.2 micrograms/l at 3 months of lactation, but remained at that level for up to 6 months of lactation (5.6 +/- 0.4 micrograms/l). The total dietary selenium intake of the infants fell significantly (P less than 0.0005) from 8.0 +/- 1.8 micrograms/d to 4.7 +/- 1.1 micrograms/d at 1 and 3 months post-partum, respectively. The mean maternal dietary selenium intake was 36 +/- 13 micrograms/d during the first survey period and 30 +/- 12 micrograms/d during the second survey period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1980

Dietary chromium intake of lactating Finnish mothers: effect on the Cr content of their breast milk.

1. The chromium in the diets of lactating Finnish mothers and of their breast milk was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption. 2. The average maternal diet was estimated to provide approximately 30 micrograms Cr/d. Breast milk samples has a mean Cr content of 0.4 ng/ml, with a range of 0.19-0.69 ng/ml. 3. Cr intake of the lactating mothers did not correlate with the corresponding breast milk Cr concentration. 4. The diets and the breast milk of these Finnish mothers were lower in Cr than those of any other population studied in the world.

Chromium↗
PubMed1980

Longitudinal study of chromium in human milk.

Using low temperature ashing and graphite furnace atomic absorption, the concentration of chromium in breast milk samples of 10 breast-feeding mothers was measured and the chromium intake of their totally breast-fed infants was evaluated. Ten samples were collected during 8 to 18 days and five samples during 47 to 54 days and 128 to 159 days of lactation. The milk samples represented every feed during a period of 24 hr and contained foremilk and hindmilk in equal proportions. The mean chromium concentration in the breast milk was 0.39 (SD 0.15) ng/ml and the intake 0.27 (SD 0.11) microgram/day. The mean chromium concentration, or intake in the breast milk did not significantly change with advancing stages of lactation.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1978

Isolation, purification, and partial chemical characterization of chromium(III) fractions existing in brewer's yeast and Sabouraud's liquid medium.

An ethanol extract of brewer's yeast which had been cultivated in a medium containing trivalent 51Cr was analyzed for 51Cr compounds by using petroleum ether extraction, gel filtration, cation and anion exchange chromatography and thin layer chromatography. Similar analytical procedures as for the above analysis were used for studying 51Cr compounds formed in the spent culture medium and in a sterile medium. Several 51Cr fractions were isolated from the three chromium sources, but one anionic 51Cr fraction present in the yeast and in the spent culture medium was not found in the sterile medium. Molecular weight estimations of the 51Cr fractions by gel filtration chromatography showed that the 51Cr ion exchange fractions contained several 51Cr compounds. The molecular weights of these compounds ranged from 150 to 1000 daltons and the molecular weights of 51Cr compounds separated from the yeast were markedly lower than those of the corresponding ion exchange fractions isolated from the culture medium. By using thin layer chromatography it was possible to isolate 51Cr compounds from the main bulk of ninhydrin active impurities. The polarity of all 51Cr compounds was found to be greater than that of most amino acids. The 51Cr compounds isolated from the yeast were mixed with 125I-insulin and incubated, after which the solution was eluted through Sephadex G-50 gel to test if binding had occurred. Elution peaks of 51Cr and 125I-insulin showed that 51Cr compounds were not bound to the insulin.

Chromium↗
PubMed1978

Effects of glucose and chromium(III) concentrations in the medium on the uptake of 51Cr by brewer's yeast.

The incorporation of trivalent chromium into S. carlsbergensis as function of time, the effects of chromium and glucose concentrations in the medium on the uptake of 51Cr by the yeast cells, and the effect of chromium on growth of the yeast were studied. 51Cr was taken up by yeast cells most rapidly during the logarithmic growth period in Sabouraud's liquid medium containing 5% glucose. Cells grown in a medium containing only 0.5% glucose at the beginning of cultivation incorporated very little 51Cr, and incorporation ceased when the glucose concentration was reduced to less than 0.1%. Addition of 5% glucose into this culture resulted in a very rapid increase in the 51Cr uptake. The second glucose addition did not notably increase the rate of 51Cr uptake by the yeast. Chromium, reduced yeast growth slightly, however, was not clearly toxic.

Biological Transport↗