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Biomedical subjects

J Kugler

Publications and source records attributed to J Kugler.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Abnormal EEG activities induced by psychotropic drugs.

In a retrospective study involving 680 EEG investigations in 593 patients the effects of various psychopharmaceutical agents were examined by visual interpretation of the EEG. The drugs were given singly in the majority of cases and were combined in others, and special attention was paid to the occurrence of paroxysmal EEG activity. The proportions of abnormal EEGs in the various groups were (in descending order): clozapine 59%, lithium salts 50%, butyrophenone 44%, maprotiline 37%, dibenzepine 32%, laevomepromazine and amitriptyline 31%, imipramine 9% and diazepam 4%. The proportions of paroxysmal discharges (13%) and generalized transient disturbances with groups of slow waves (16%) were also greatest in the clozapine group. During 3.5 years (1973-1974, May 1979-November 1980) we observed drug-induced generalized seizures in 16 inpatients = 0.28% of all inpatients (N = 5785) in that time. The psychotropic drugs given to these patients were either laevomepromazine (Neurocil 4x), perazine (Taxilan 3x), maprotiline (Ludiomil 3x), clozapine (Leponex 2x), lithium carbonate (Quilonum retard 2x) and amitriptyline (Saroten 2x) alone or partly in combination with butyrophenone (3x), fluphenazine (2x) and biperiden (3x). The appearance of paroxysmal EEG activity seems dose dependent and occurs more often during treatment with a combination of psychoactive compounds, than in patients receiving a single drug.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Electroencephalographically determined sedative effects (vigilosomnography) of the new Thienodiazepin-derivate clotiazepam (author's transl)].

In a double blind, randomized clinical study eighteen volunteers received either placebo or 5 mg diazepam or 5 mg clotiazepam at three different times at an interval of one week. Beside other parameters which have been measured a 60-minute polygraphic EEG recording was made thirty minutes after administration of the drugs. The vigilosomnograms revealed clear and reliable differences between placebo and the two active substances and suggest a sedative effect of both substances at the dose level used. There was only a slight difference between the two active substances. 5 mg clotiazepam produced a slightly stronger sedation than 5 mg diazepam. However, the records of autonomic side effects and subjective statements regarding the patients' condition showed that clotiazepam is associated with less side effects than diazepam.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[The antagonistic effect of physostigmine on sedation by lormetazepam (author's transl)].

The purpose of this study was to determine the arousal effect of physostigmine after lormetazepam sedation on the human EEG. 12 male volunteers received 2 mg/kg bm lormetazepam and 30 minutes later physostigmine 2 mg preceded by atropine 1 mg. Generally an arousal effect of physostigmine could be clinically observed and more objectively demonstrated by reduced sleep stages in the vigilosomnogram (p less than 0.05). 2 volunteers did not fall asleep. 9 volunteers were awake 5-12 minutes after termination of physostigmine injection. 1 volunteer did not show any effect. Resedation and parasympathetic side effects did not occur. In earlier studies deep sleep stages after lormetazepam 1 or 2 mg/70 kg bm lasted 70 to 120 minutes. Physostigmine is recommended to counteract undesirable benzodiazepine induced sedation.

Anti-Anxiety Agents↗
PubMed1981

[Intramuscular application of midazolam. Its effect upon CNS and respiration (author's transl)].

8-Chloro-6-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-methyl-4H-imidazo[1,5-a] [1,4]benzodiazepine (midazolam, Ro 21-3981, Dormicum) is a benzodiazepine with a pronounced sleep-inducing effect. Deep-sleep stages and respiratory depressions were observed after 5 mg i.v. Whether and in what dosage midazolam can be safely, i.e., without continuous monitoring administered i.m. must be shown by the analysis of larger study populations. After i.m. injection, there is rapid onset of action leading to sleep stages which are comparable only with those hitherto observed after i.v. injection.

Anti-Anxiety Agents↗
PubMed1980

[Cranial computer tomography in children. Correlation of echoencephalography and EEG to cranial computer tomography].

The results of cranial ultrasound (A-scan) and computerized tomography (CT) in 81 children were corresponding in 90%, when ventricular diameter was determined, in 85% of intracerebral dysplasias, and in 12,5% of neonatal intracranial hemorrhagia. Comparison of EEG and CT findings in 70 of these children were corresponding in 54% of the cases with respect to "normal" and "abnormal". On the basis of these results routine one-dimensional ultrasound scanning still seems to be a useful procedure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Differences in psychic performance with guanfacine and clonidine in normotensive subjects.

1. Doses of clonidine 0.15 mg or guanfacine 1.0 mg, respectively, and 2 h later additional doses of clonidine 0.3 mg or guanfacine 2.0 mg, respectively, were given to 24 healthy students. 2. Blood pressure was reduced by the same amount by both drugs. 3. Plasma noradrenaline concentrations decreased with both drugs, but the reduction was significantly greater following the administration of clonidine. 4. Mental activity in the EEG was less suppressed in the guanfacine group than in the clonidine group. The differences were statistically significant. 5. Self-estimations for well-being and mood showed only small changes due to guanfacine but significant changes due to clonidine. 6. The decrease of information processing and the increase in reaction time, measured by performance in different psychometric tests, were significantly more pronounced after clonidine treatment than guanfacine. 7. A dose-response relationship could only be observed in vigilosomnograms, in the tests of self-estimation related to well-being and mood and in the decrease in plasma noradrenaline in the clonidine group. 8. It was concluded that guanfacine had a lesser CNS depressant action than clonidine, when administered in equipotent hypotensive doses.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[The international classification of epilepsies (author's transl)].

the international classification of epilepsies is presented. This classification is based on pathophysiological, clinical, electroencephalographic, prognostic and therapeutic considerations. The application according to 3 principal types of epilepsies is simple and effective.

Epilepsy↗
PubMed1980

Capabilities of nonlinear gradient and a thresholding algorithm for the segmentation of Papanicolaou-stained cervical cells.

The first and most important task of automatic high-resolution cell image analysis is the segmentation of the scanned cells. Different methods of cell segmentation have been developed, but a comparison of the capabilities of such algorithms has not been done. This study evaluated two different segmentation methods for cell images, namely, a nonlinear gradient algorithm with a subsequent tracing method and a thresholding algorithm based on the information from three histograms with a subsequent nonlinear cleaning of the binary thresholded images. The same Papanicolaou-stained cell data base was used in both methods. Automatic segmentation of nucleus and cytoplasm was performed, and a comparison with visually segmented areas of the nucleus and cytoplasm was carried out. The difference between the visual method and the automatic segmentation method by thresholding is discussed in terms of classification results.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed1979

[The hypnotic effect of the new benzodiazepine derivative lormetazepam when given intravenously (author's transl)].

1. 7 groups of 3 healthy male volunteers each, at the age of 21--27 years received various doses of Lormetazepam (0.0635 to 4.0 mg/70 kg). -- 2. The drug was injected intravenously during 60 s. Before, during and up to 4 hours after the injections the EEG, eye-movements, ECG and respiration was recorded and blood pressures measured at given time intervals. -- 3. The vigilo-somnograms showed after the injections a change in the EEG-stages, indicating a reduction of alertness, transitions into reduced wakefulness or beginning stages of sleep. Corresponding to clinical signs one can speak with i.v. applied doses of 0.0635 to 0.5 mg/70 kg of tranquilizing, with 1 mg/70 kg of sedative and with 2--4 kg of hypnotic effects. There has been a good dosage-efficiency relation. -- 4. Side-effects or unwarranted symptoms have not been seen during the clinical observations.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Power spectrum].

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Electroencephalography↗
PubMed1978

["Firing rate"].

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Animals↗