Dietary carbohydrates affect caecal fermentation and modify nitrogen excretion patterns in rats. II. Studies with diets differing in protein quality.
In 2 two-factorial experiments, each conducted on 80 growing male rats, the effects of substituting 10% raw potato starch (PS), pectins (PEC), or cellulose (CEL) for wheat starch (WS) and the addition of tannic acid to WS (WSTA) were studied using diets differing in protein quality. Casein unsupplemented or supplemented with DL-methionine and gluten unsupplemented or supplemented with lysine, methionine and tryptophan were used as protein sources in Experiment 1 and 2, respectively. Parameters indicative of caecal fermentation intensity (pH, acetic, propionic and butyric acid contents, digesta and tissue weight) and of protein metabolism (urea blood concentration, faecal and urinary nitrogen excretion) were determined. Ten-day balance experiments were preceded by a 10-day adaption period to respective carbohydrates given in a diet containing balanced protein. In both experiments the type of carbohydrates affected the caecal concentration of individual and total SCFA and other parameters of fermentation intensity. Pectins and potato starch were fermented more intensively than cellulose. Faecal N excretion was increased by all carbohydrates substituted for cereal starch, and by tannic acid. Urinary excretion was greater on CEL than on PEC and WSTA containing casein and on other diets containing gluten. In both experiments urinary N excretion was the lowest on PEC diets. Protein quality had the greatest effect on apparent biological value and net protein utilization but all indices of protein utilization were also affected by carbohydrates. It is concluded that not only the amount of N excreted in faeces but also in urine is affected by the type and fermentability of carbohydrates.