Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to J Kowalczyk.
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Eriksson's method was analysed and an attempt was made to determine the probability of the occurrence of phenotypes predisposing to emphysema and obstructive catarrhs, when low alpha-1-AT values were found using gelatinous film or immunochemical methods. The authoresses propose a three-stage system for the detection of all those susceptible to emphysema.
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1. In an experiment in which a high-fat supplement was given in the dry form to lambs offered dried grass ad lib., both the voluntary intake and digestibility of the dried grass were reduced. When the high-fat supplement was given in a liquid suspension so that the rumen was by-passed, the voluntary intake and digestibility of the dried grass were not significantly altered. 2. The effect of injecting an emulsion of tallow into the rumen of sheep on rumen metabolism was studied in another experiment. Increasing the fat supplementation lowered the rate of digestion of both dried grass and cotton thread, lowered markedly the concentration of rumen ammonia, and raised the proportion of propionic acid in the rumen.
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For a period of 9 days growing fattening pigs (with liveweights ranging from 40 to 50 kgs were fed a ration of autumn barley, dried skim mild and wheat gluten supplemented with 0.5% of 15N labelled urea (12.5% of the total N). The N balance and the rate of 15N protein retention as well as the rates of protein and amino acid synthesis in the different organs and tissues of the carcasses were estimated by emission spectrometry after amino acid fractionation. On an average, 19.3% of the ingested urea were retained, while only 4% N were retained in the essential amino acids found in the carcasses. This proportion will, to a large extent, result from transamination processes and, to a lesser extent, from microbia synthesis. From this it may be concluded that urea N does not induce any appreciable synthesis of amino acids in pigs so that urea cannot be regarded as a suitable substitute for protein feeds in the feeding of monogastric animals.
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The serum concentrations of monocarboxylic short-chain fatty acids (acetic to n-caproic) were estimated in 12 children with simple obesity aged 4-16 years and in a control group of 35 normal subjects. In the obese patients, significantly decreased values for acetic and n-caproic acid and an increased total free fatty acid level were found. The presumable causes of the phenomenon are discussed.
The experiments performed on two wethers provided with simple rumen cannulas and reentrant cannulas, inserted into the proximal duodenum and ileum, showed a passage of 15N from labelled urea, injected intravenously, from the blood to the digestive tract. The amount of the 15N in the digesta was the highest in duodenum, slightly lower in the rumen and slightly lower in ileum. Approximately 50% of the injected 15N was excreted in urine. The amount of the 15N eliminated with feces was very small; 0.6 to 2.8% of the dose injected per day. About 73--84% of the 15N which passed the duodenum was absorbed in further parts of the digestive tract. It can be concluded that all parts of the digestive tract take part in utilization of the endogenous urea.
The experiment carried out on two wethers demonstrated that nitrogen of intravenously injected urea, labelled with 15N was incorporated into total and bacterial nitrogen fraction of the digesta flowing through the rumen and duodenum. The amount of 15N in the bacterial fraction flowing throught the rumen and duodenum was relatively low in comparison with the amount of 15N in the total nitrogen (14,8% and 8,1% in the rumen and 6,6% and 7,9% in the duodenum. The ratio of the amount of bacterial-N to total-N in the rumen content (12,7 and 7,5%) was only slightly lower than the ratio of bacterial 15N to total 15N. In the duodenum this ratio was a little higher (8,7 and 10,0%). Blood urea nitrogen was utilized only partly in biosynthesis of bacterial protein. The results showed that only a small amount of blood urea nitrogen retained in the organism was utilized for microbial protein synthesis and the majority in some different way.
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