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Biomedical subjects

J Kjaergaard

Publications and source records attributed to J Kjaergaard.

105 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Ultrastructural visualization of concanavalin A binding receptor sites in neoplastic and non-neoplastic transitional cell epithelium of the human urinary bladder.

Concanavalin A binding receptor sites in non-neoplastic and neoplastic transitional cell epithelium from tumour-bearing human urinary bladders were mapped ultrastructurally following successive incubation of vibratome slices with concanavalin A, peroxidase and diaminobenzidine. In the normal epithelium the reaction product was found in the plasma membranes of the basal cells. Some areas of the endoplasmatic reticulum and the discoid vesicles were reacting in all cell layers. In the neoplastic epithelium, reaction product was localized to the plasma membranes throughout the epithelium, irrespective of the grade of malignancy. The intracellular distribution was similar to that in normal epithelial cells. The topographical distribution suggests that concanavalin A binding glycoproteins are found in the transitional cell epithelium in immature membranes.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1980

Cimetidine treatment of recurrent ulcer after vagotomy.

A retrospective evaluation of 16 patients with recurrent ulcer following vagotomy demonstrated that 75% were free from symptoms, and 40% had a healed ulcer after one month of cimetidine treatment (one gram per day). The ulcer recurrence, respectively persistance rate was high. After a median observation time of nine months, four patients were continuously free from symptoms, ten had been subjected to reoperation (of these two after an attempt at long-term treatment with cimetidine) and two were under long-term treatment with cimetidine. With the present state of knowledge an attempt can be made to treat the patients with recurrent ulcers after vagotomy with a cure of two to three months. Acid tests and control gastroscopy has some predictive value.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Surface topography of the healthy and diseased transitional cell epithelium of the human urinary bladder.

51 biopsies from healthy and diseased epithelium from human urinary bladders were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The luminal surface of the cover cells was marked by microvilli and microplicae. The replacement of the cover cells takes place by simple desquamination. This exposes cover cells having numerous microvilli, and these later develop characteristic microplicae. The ability to form cover cells is lost by the transitional epithelium following tumour formation. No tumour-specific surface morphology was observed.

Carcinoma, Transitional Cell↗
PubMed1977

Use of scanning electron microscopy for the study of human epidermal melanocytes.

A method is presented which makes it possible to study melanocytes in situ in the human epidermis by means of scanning electron microscopy. Melanocytes are located both under and wedged between the basal epidermocytes. The dendrites describe a short course in the dermo-epidermal (d-e) junction and then ascend and disappear into the spaces between the epidermocytes. As a rule, the surface of the cells is smooth. However, proliferations such as blebs and microvilli can sometimes be observed on the surface, particularly on that of the round, adendritic cells. Contact between the melanocytes in the d-e junction is only occasionally seen.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1976

Comparison of Dexon and Mersilene sutures in the closure of primary laparotomy incisions.

The study is a comparison of Dexon (polyglycolic acid) and Mersilene (polyester) sutures when employed for the primary closure of the peritoneum and aponeurotic layer in primary laparotomy incisions. The material comprises 308 closures of abdominal wounds with interrupted 2-0 sutures (United States Pharmacopeia) in the aponeurosis and continuous 2-0 suture of the peritoneum. One half of the wound was closed with Dexon and the other half with Mersilene, so that the patient acted as his own control. No significant difference was found between the two materials as evaluated from the occurrence of wound rupture within 10 days and incisional hernia within 90 days of the operation. Suture granulomas occurred in 9% of the half wounds sutured with Mersilene. The present clinical investigation demonstrates that Dexon sutures are as reliable as unabsorbable material. Dexon is superior to unabsorbable material as suture granulomas were not seen when Dexon was employed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The prognostic value of post-treatment retinopathy after panretinal photocoagulation for proliferative diabetic retinopathy in type 1 diabetes.

PURPOSE: To study the prognostic value of post-treatment retinopathy after panretinal laser photocoagulation for proliferative diabetic retinopathy in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy is treated with panretinal photocoagulation, which significantly reduces the risk of visual loss from this complication. However, no parameters are presently known that can be used to define an optimal control interval after the initial panretinal photocoagulation treatment that ensures enhancement of the treatment in cases where this is needed. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, 85 eyes from 56 type 1 diabetic patients were identified who had been subjected to panretinal photocoagulation for proliferative diabetic retinopathy before 1990. The patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 had four or fewer microaneurysms only at the first post-treatment examination whereas Group 2 had more retinopathy. RESULTS: At the first photographic examination after treatment the eyes in Group 1 had a significantly lower visual acuity (VA) (mean =0.23, range: 0.01-1.00) than the patients in Group 2 (mean=0.48, range: 0.01-1.6). During the follow-up period the VA was further reduced in Group 2 but not in Group 1. Three eyes out of six in Group 1 had improvement of VA from below to above 0.1, whereas 6 eyes out of 12 in Group 2 experienced progression of retinopathy with a consequent worsening of VA to below 0.1 after a mean of 10.8 years (range: 6.8-15.9) after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The severity of post-treatment retinopathy can be used to assess the need for enhancing photocoagulation of proliferative diabetic retinopathy in type 1 diabetes. The interval between post-treatment examinations can be increased to several years when the initial treatment has reduced retinopathy to a minimal level.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Endogenous and adoptively transferred A-NK and T-LAK cells continuously accumulate within murine metastases up to 48 h after inoculation.

In murine models, therapeutic efficacy of adoptive immunotherapy (AIT) of cancer with lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells is seen only when applied together with substantial doses of interleukin-2 (IL-2), probably because this cytokine is imperative for both motility and viability of the LAK cells. We wanted to investigate whether IL-2 in addition mediates an immunostimulatory activation and expansion of endogenous effector cells contributing to tumor regression. Using an immunoperoxidase technique, we have been able to longitudinally analyze the accumulation of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes expressing the pan-T cell/activated lymphocyte phenotype (Thy1.2), the natural killer (NK) cell phenotype (AsGM,) as well as the cytotoxic T (CD8) cell phenotype within experimental established B16 pulmonary melanoma metastases in C57BL/6 mice during the first 48 h after high dose IL-2 monotherapy. Whereas a substantial and selective infiltration of AsGM1+ lymphocytes in tumor tissue was seen (262 and 937 cells per sq.mm malignant tissue at 0 and 48 h, respectively), only a minor increase in accumulation of CD8+ cells was seen (106 and 171 cells per sq.mm tumor tissue at 0 and 48 h, respectively). The addition of adoptive transfer with lymphokine-activated adherent NK (A-NK) cells to the high-dose IL-2 treatment resulted in more than a 1.5 fold increase in infiltrating AsGM1+ cells compared to IL-2 therapy alone (1520 compared to 937 AsGM1+ cells per sq.mm malignant tissue). No substantial accumulation of CD8+ cells was observed in this setting either. In contrast, the treatment with high dose IL-2 together with adoptive transfer of mitogen-stimulated, lymphokine-activated T killer (T-LAK) cells increased the infiltration of CD8+ cells 10-fold compared to IL-2 monotherapy (2078 compared to 171 CD8+ cells per sq.mm malignant tissue, respectively). Interestingly, infiltration of both endogenous and exogenous cells continued over time, since the effector-to-tumor cell ratio in metastatic tissue dramatically increased from 1:8 and 1:6 at 16 h to 1:3 and 1:2 at 48 h after adoptive transfer of A-NK and T-LAK cells, respectively. These data underline the longevity of LAK cells in vivo and highlight the importance of IL-2 treatment in recruiting endogenous immune cells to tumor areas.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tumor blood supply and tumor localization by adoptively transferred IL-2 activated natural killer cells.

The circulatory pattern of IL-2 activated natural killer (A-NK) cells was studied in C57BL/6 mice bearing 10 day-old pulmonary and subcutaneous (s.c.) metastases of the B16 melanoma in order to evaluate the roles of the concentration of A-NK cells in the blood and of tumor blood flow on accumulation of A-NK cells in tumors. Kinetic studies of the presence of A-NK cells in peripheral blood after adoptive transfer revealed that these cells rapidly disappear from the blood. Via intravital microscopy of animals with exposed lung tissue, we have shown that the vast majority of transferred A-NK cells become efficiently arrested within the lung microcirculation at their first encounter with this organ, thereby explaining the fast disappearance of the cells from the bloodstream. Despite the low number of A-NK cells circulating in the blood, systemically injected A-NK cells (20 million per mouse) localized significantly (70-80 million cells/g) into most pulmonary metastases within 8-16 hours. In contrast, very few A-NK cells (< 0.2 million cells/g) were found in the s.c. metastases. Based on measurements of tumor blood flow (showing a classic inverse relationship between tumor size and tumor blood flow) and the blood concentration of A-NK cells, we estimated the highest intratumoral density of A-NK cells that theoretically can be generated by A-NK cells transported to the tumor by way of the blood. In s.c. tumors, the observed density of A-NK cells was at all times lower (10-50 fold) than the estimated density, indicating that only a few percent of the A-NK cells arriving at these tumors become retained in them. In contrast, the observed density of A-NK cells in pulmonary metastases was at all times higher (2-3 fold) than the estimated density. This finding indicates that A-NK cells might not reach the pulmonary metastases solely by way of the blood stream. In conclusion, i.v. injected A-NK cells become immediately entrapped in the lungs and, consequently, circulate poorly. While lung metastases become significantly infiltrated by i.v. injected A-NK cells, metastases in organs down-stream from the lungs become poorly infiltrated. We hypothesize that only a part of the A-NK cells found in lung metastases 8-16 hours following injection reach these metastases by way of the blood-vascular system. They might also migrate into the metastases from the surrounding normal lung tissue.

Animals↗