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Biomedical subjects

J Kiss

Publications and source records attributed to J Kiss.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Antiretroviral immune response and plasma interferon in different phases of chronic granulocytic leukemia.

Forty patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL) were tested for antibodies and lymphocytes reacting with gibbon ape leukemia virus (GaLV) and baboon endogenous virus (BaEV) antigens as well as for plasma interferon levels. Antibodies reacting with envelope antigens of GaLV and BaEV were found frequently and in high titers in patients with the quiescent phase of CGL but rarely and in low titers in the accelerated and blastic phase of the disease. Results of radioimmunoprecipitation studies were in concordance with those obtained in virus neutralization experiments. Cellular and humoral cytotoxic activity of blood plasma and lymphocyte samples against autologous tumor cells showed a similar phase-specific distribution. Most of these activities could be blocked by GaLV and BaEV gp70 antigens. Elevated plasma interferon (IFN)-alpha levels were found in the quiescent and accelerated phase of CGL, whereas no significant differences could be detected between IFN levels of patients with the blastic crisis of CGL and those of the control persons. Follow up studies of four patients confirmed this stage-specific distribution of antiretroviral immune and interferon response.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

A low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor antibody is internalized and retrogradely transported selectively into cholinergic neurons of the rat basal forebrain.

The mechanism by which nerve growth factor transduces its signal in responsive cells is yet to be clearly defined. However, it has been suggested that the internalization of nerve growth factor, the first step in the retrograde flow of nerve growth factor, is a property of the high-affinity receptors, p140trkA. Here we show that when a monoclonal antibody (MC 192), which immunoprecipitates p75NGFR (the low-affinity 75,000 mol. wt nerve growth factor receptor protein) and not p140trkA, was administered into the dorsal hippocampal formation of the rats, it was internalized and retrogradely transported to the cell bodies residing in the medial septum-diagonal band complex. The topographic organization and the localization of these neurons containing retrogradely transported p75NGFR antibody were strikingly similar to those nerve cells immunostained for choline acetyltransferase in the immediately-adjacent section, indicating that the neurons which contained p75NGFR antibody were cholinergic neurons. A double-label immunocytochemistry confirmed this conclusion. On the other hand, none of the parvalbumin-positive GABAergic neurons contained retrogradely transported p75NGFR antibody. Moreover, in contrast to specific transport of p75NGFR antibody into cholinergic neurons, when wheat germ agglutinin-colloidal gold was injected into the hippocampus at the same levels, it was taken up and retrogradely transported into both choline acetyltransferase-positive cholinergic and parvalbumin-immunoreactive GABAergic neurons in the medial septum-diagonal band complex.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Differential replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in CD8- and CD8+ subsets of natural killer cells: relationship to cytokine production pattern.

CD8+ and CD8- subsets of peripheral blood natural killer (NK) cells were examined for susceptibility to infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and for the ability to produce various types of interferon (IFN) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). HIV-1 was preferentially grown in CD8+ NK cells. The ability of CD8- NK cells to suppress HIV-1 replication was related to their ability to produce alpha IFN (IFN-alpha) upon viral induction. Induction with interleukin-2 resulted in IFN-gamma production in both subsets of NK cells. In the CD8+ subset, IFN-gamma and HIV-1 mutually enhanced the production of TNF alpha, leading to hyperactivation of viral replication, whereas in CD8- NK cells IFN-gamma primed HIV-induced IFN-alpha production. The dichotomous effects of IFN-gamma on HIV-1 replication were dependent on the IFN-alpha-producing ability of the cellular targets. These findings can explain the selective depletion of the CD16+ CD8+ subset that begins early in the in vivo HIV-1 infection.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1993

[Rehabilitation of knee joint instability caused by pseudarthrosis of the lateral femoral condyle].

Authors report on the successful operative treatment, 15 years after the development of a pseudarthrosis, following the fracture of the lateral femoral condyle and causing knee instability. In this case the refreshing of the avascular pseudarthrosis gap reduction and screw osteosynthesis were performed. The basic principles of the distribution and treatment of pseudarthrosis are reviewed. Attention is called to the importance of exact reduction and stable fixation and to the fact that reconstruction can be carried out even long after the injury.

Bone Nails↗
PubMed1993

HTLV-I-related retroviral markers in Hungarian patients with mycosis fungoides.

Cell and serum samples from 7 Hungarian patients with mycosis fungoides were examined for the presence of HTLV-I-related DNA sequences and antibodies recognizing HTLV-I antigens. DNA sequences distantly related to the proviral DNA of HTLV-I were shown by Southern blot hybridization in 3 patients. Serum samples from these patients contained antibodies reactive with the internal core polypeptides of HTLV-I and HTLV-II, but not with the env gene encoded type-specific HTLV antigens. Restriction enzyme analysis with EcoRI, PstI, BamHI and SacI revealed structural similarity of the provirus(es) integrated in the DNA of mycosis fungoides cells to HTLV-I but not to HTLV-II. Data suggest that these proviruses and HTLV-I are similar to each other along gag and pol regions.

DNA, Viral↗
PubMed1992

[Spontaneous esophageal perforation related to fungal esophagitis].

The authors give account of spontaneous esophageal perforation developed on the basis of fungal oesophagitis. The lesion of the lower third of the esophagus classified as grade 4. on Kodsi classification displayed the same picture as an advanced esophageal cancer. They review signs, symptoms and varieties in macroscopic appearance of esophageal candidiasis. They warn that in case of a spontaneous perforation of "malignant" esophageal tumor with no preceding signs the rare condition of fungal esophagitis must certainly be considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Structural and redox relationships between Paracoccus denitrificans, porcine and human electron-transferring flavoproteins.

Electron-transferring flavoprotein (ETF) was purified from the bacterium Paracoccus denitrificans and the structural and redox relationships to the porcine and human ETFs were investigated. The three proteins have essentially identical subunit masses and the alpha-helix content of the bacterial and porcine ETFs are very similar, indicating global structural similarity. An anti-(porcine ETF) polyclonal antibody that crossreacts with the human large and small subunits also crossreacts strongly with the large subunit of Paracoccus ETF. However, crossreactivity with the small subunit is very weak. Nonetheless, an amino-terminal peptide and four internal peptides of the small bacterial subunit show extensive sequence identity with the human small subunit. Local similarities in environment are also indicated by the intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence emission spectra of porcine and Paracoccus ETFs. Although the visible spectra of porcine and Paracoccus ETFs are virtually identical, flavin fluorescence in the bacterial protein is only 15% that of the mammalian protein. Further, the circular dichroic spectrum of the flavin in the bacterial protein is significantly more intense, suggesting that the microenvironment of the isoalloxazine ring is different in the two proteins. Enzymatic or photochemical reduction of Paracoccus ETF rapidly yields an anionic semiquinone; formation of the fully reduced flavin in the bacterial ETF is very slow. The spacing of the oxidation-reduction potentials of the flavin couples in the bacterial ETF is essentially identical to that in procine ETF as judged from the disproportionation equilibrium of the bacterial ETF flavin semiquinone. Together, the enzymatic reduction and disproportionation equilibria suggest that the flavin potentials of the two ETFs must be very close. The data indicate that the structural properties of the bacterial and mammalian proteins and the thermodynamic properties of the flavin prosthetic group of the proteins are very similar.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

HTLV-related markers in a Hungarian patient with adult T-cell leukemia.

Monoclonal integration of DNA sequences related to, but not identical to HTLV-I provirus was detected in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of a Hungarian male suffering from ATL. The patient and his parents showed serological cross-reactivity with both HTLV-I and HTLV-II group-specific antigens. Restriction enzyme analysis with EcoRI, PstI, BamHI, HindIII and SacI revealed structural similarity of the provirus integrated in the DNA of ATL cells to HTLV-I but not to HTLV-II. Data suggest that this provirus and HTLV-I are similar to each other along gag and pol regions, but they are different in the env region.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Development of the cholinergic fibres innervating the cerebral cortex of the rat.

The ontogeny of innervation of the cholinergic fibres from the basal forebrain into the cingulate, frontal, parietal and piriform cortices of the rat has been examined using a modified histochemical method of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The method produced crisp fibre staining with enhanced visibility and a clear back-ground, and a pattern of the distribution of these fibres was comparable to that achieved by choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunocytochemistry. In the rat, the AChE-stained fibres developed progressively from the deep cortical white matter towards the cortex itself. In general, a few AChE-positive fibres were seen in the subcortical white matter and the cingulum bundle, entering into the cerebral cortex by about 5 postnatal days. The number of these AChE-positive processes increased dramatically during the following two weeks. Thereafter, the general appearance of the overall pattern of distribution of the AChE fibres changed little, but the staining density became gradually more intense and by about 28 days after birth it was virtually indistinguishable from that in the adult. The onset and the development of the AChE-positive fibre network varied considerably between individual cortical regions, and indicated, in general, an anterior to posterior gradient. Within the dispersed AChE fibre network in the cerebral cortex, three bands of relatively enriched cholinergic processes, namely the deep cortical, mid-cortical and superficial layers, developed in an 'inside-out' fashion. The exact position of some of these AChE-rich bands varied from one cortical region to another and during development. A striking correlation during ontogeny was observed in the cerebral cortex between the changing patterns of AChE fibre network and the activity of ChAT, the enzyme synthesizing acetylcholine. The present findings can also provide an important anatomical baseline for future studies related to the factors controlling the expression of ChAT activity and the development of cholinergic neurotransmitter system in the rat.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1992

Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus internalization and endocytic organelles in CHSE-214 cells.

The early events that take place during the internalization of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) into Chinook salmon embryo cells (CHSE-214) were analyzed ultrastructurally. Endocytic tracers were employed in order to characterize the organization of endocytic organelles in CHSE-214 cells, as well its relation to the IPNV penetration. Results demonstrate that IPNV appear internalized within vesicular compartments which are located peripherally in CHSE-214 cells. Despite the high rate of infectious multiplicity few virus particles were detected inside the cells. Endocytic tracer labelling of tubulovesicular elements and endosomes of host cells showed a well developed endocytic apparatus. Results suggest that endocytosis may be involved during the initiating events in the productive IPNV infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Lipopolysaccharide is able to bypass corticotrophin-releasing factor in affecting plasma ACTH and corticosterone levels: evidence from rats with lesions of the paraventricular nucleus.

Stimulation of the immune system or experimental conditions (bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment) provoke a broad spectrum of physiological responses. It was recently shown that one of them is the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The mechanism and the site or sites through which LPS stimulates the HPA axis are not well understood. To establish whether the effect of bacterial LPS is related in vivo to the presence of hypothalamic hypophysiotrophic peptides (corticotrophin-releasing factor-41, arginine vasopressin, etc.), plasma ACTH and corticosterone levels were monitored in intact and sham-operated rats, and in rats with paraventricular nucleus lesions in order to remove the main source of these neuropeptides. Evidence was obtained that 4 h after treatment, LPS was able to activate the hypophysial-adrenal system in the absence of hypophysiotrophic neuropeptides of paraventricular origin. It is suggested that, in vivo, LPS could have a direct effect on the pituitary gland or that it acts through an extrapituitary, non-paraventricular pathway to activate the HPA axis.

Acute-Phase Reaction↗
PubMed1992

Demonstration of HTLV-related proviral DNA sequences and antibodies reactive with HTLV internal proteins in an Hungarian patient with Sézary syndrome.

DNA sequences distantly related to the proviral DNA of HTLV-I were found in the leukemic cells of a Hungarian patient suffering from Sézary syndrome. Serum samples from the patient contained antibodies reactive with the internal core polypeptides of HTLV-I and HTLV-II, but not with the env gene encoded type-specific HTLV antigens. The husband and daughter of the patient also had antibodies of the same specificity. These findings suggest the presence of a virus distantly related to HTLV-I and HTLV-II.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

CRF-dependent and CRF-independent mechanisms involved in hypophysial-adrenal system activation by bacterial endotoxin.

The immune system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis play important role in the overall inflammatory response. The mechanism through which lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) stimulates the HPA axis is not well understood. In order to clarify the role of hypophysiotropic peptides of paraventricular origin in the effect of LPS on ACTH and corticosterone secretion, the effect of LPS was studied on rats with lesions of hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). It was shown that 90 min after 2 mg/kg LPS i.p. the ACTH, but not the corticosterone response was effectively blunted in PVN-lesioned rats, as compared to sham operated animals. However, in PVN-lesioned rats 240 min after treatment with LPS a significantly higher plasma ACTH and corticosterone level was monitored. It is, therefore, suggested that in response to LPS activation of HPA both CRF(s)-dependent and CRF(s)-independent mechanisms are involved, even a direct effect of the adrenal cortex should be taken into account.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1992

Prevalence and specificity of lymphocytotoxic antibodies in different stages of HIV infection.

Sera obtained from 27 HIV-infected persons were investigated for complement-dependent humoral cytotoxicity. Uninfected as well as HTLV-IIIB-infected H9 cells were used as cellular targets either before or after stimulation by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or concanavalin A (Con-A). The degree of cytotoxicity was determined by 51Cr-release assay. Two different antibodies could be found in sera of HIV-infected persons, one being directed against HIV-induced cell surface component(s) and the other reacting with structure(s) present on activated T4 cells. Asymptomatic HIV-carries were found to have antibodies exerting complement-dependent cytotoxicity to HIV-infected T4 cells. These antibodies were reactive mainly after stimulation of HIV-infected target cells by Con-A. Sera of ARC and AIDS patients contained autoantibodies reactive with PHA-stimulated or HIV-infected T4 lymphocytes. These data suggest that HIV-specific antibodies represent an anti-viral immune defense, while autoantibodies may be important in destruction of the immune system in AIDS.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1992

Studies on the incorporation of lanthanides in dental hard tissues.

Rare earth elements (lanthanides)--known from chrystal-chemistry for the rehardening effect on apatites--have been tested previously for the possibility of their incorporation in dental enamel. From the non-toxic lanthanides cerium was incorporated under in vitro conditions in human dental enamel. In the present study, the incorporation of lanthanum (La), europium (Eu), samarium (Sa), ytterbium (Yb) and neodymium (Nd) in human permanent enamel, dentine and deciduous enamel has been investigated by neutron activation analysis. The lanthanides were incorporated--following the above sequence--in an increasing ratio into enamel and dentine, by forming new, more resistant rare earth elements containing apatite structures.

Dental Enamel↗
PubMed1991

Effect of nicotine on dopaminergic-cholinergic interaction in the striatum.

We have investigated the effect of nicotinic receptor stimulation on acetylcholine (ACh) release measured by radioassay in rat striatal slices. Since the release of ACh in the striatum is tonically inhibited by endogenous dopamine and nicotine enhances the release of dopamine, we studied the release of ACh when the dopaminergic input was impaired. We used chemical denervation (6-hydroxydopamine pretreatment) or D2-receptor-blockade by sulpiride to remove the dopaminergic control of the cholinergic neurons. In our experiments nicotine failed to increase ACh release from striatal slices taken from rats whose dopaminergic-cholinergic interaction was not impaired but it enhanced the release of ACh from slices dissected from 6-hydroxydopamine pretreated rats or in the presence of sulpiride. Our results provide neurochemical evidence for the existence of nicotinic receptors on striatal cholinergic interneurons. Since the spontaneous release of ACh enhanced by nicotine was inhibited by tetrodotoxin it seems very likely that (-)-nicotine acts on the somatodendritic part of cholinergic interneurons.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1991

Naloxone enhances the release of acetylcholine from cholinergic interneurons of the striatum if the dopaminergic input is impaired.

Naloxone significantly enhanced the release of radioactive acetylcholine ([3H]ACh) from rat striatal slices loaded with [3H]choline either when the nigrostriatal pathway had been destroyed by 6-hydroxydopamine or when the D2 dopamine receptors had been inhibited by sulpiride. This in vitro study supplies the first neurochemical evidence, that, in addition to D2-receptor-mediated dopaminergic tonic control, there is opiate-receptor mediated presynaptic modulation of striatal ACh release, possibly by endogenous enkephalin released from local neurons. Such modulation occurs under conditions in which the dopaminergic input is impaired.

Acetylcholine↗