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Biomedical subjects

J Kiss

Publications and source records attributed to J Kiss.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Effect of rhinovirus 39 (RV-39) infection on immune and inflammatory parameters in allergic and non-allergic subjects.

The economic impact and medical complication rate of the common cold are well documented, but many of the physiological, inflammatory, and immune responses to common cold viruses have only recently been investigated. The purpose of this study was to compare selected systemic immune and inflammatory responses to experimental rhinovirus (RV)-39 challenge in seronegative allergic rhinitis and non-allergic rhinitis subjects. Peripheral blood was obtained before (baseline), during (acute), and 23 days after (convalescent) RV-39 intranasal challenge and assayed for leucocyte histamine release, serum immunoglobulins, allergen-specific IgE antibodies, plasma histamine, and platelet aggregation. All subjects were infected, as manifested by viral shedding in nasal secretions or seroconversion. RV-39 infection induced significant acute increases in serum IgE, leucocyte histamine release, and platelet aggregation, but caused no changes in serum IgG, serum IgA, serum IgM, and plasma histamine. The first change was confined to the allergic rhinitis subjects. There was no evidence that the acute rise in total serum IgE was due to an elevation of a pre-existing, pollen-specific serum IgE antibody. The results show that intranasal challenge with RV-39 induced changes in systemic immune and inflammatory parameters with a unique response pattern in allergic rhinitis subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Interactions between human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and human cytomegalovirus in human term syncytiotrophoblast cells coinfected with both viruses.

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) may interact in the pathogenesis of AIDS. The placental syncytiotrophoblast layer serves as the first line of defense of the fetus against viruses. We analyzed the patterns of replication of HIV-1 and HCMV in singly an dually infected human term syncytiotrophoblast cells cultured in vitro. Syncytiotrophoblast cells exhibited restricted permissiveness for HIV-1, while HCMV replication was restricted at the level of immediate-early and early gene products in the singly infected cells. We found that the syncytiotrophoblasts as an overlapping cell population could be coinfected with HIV-1 and HCMV. HIV-1 replication was markedly upregulated by previous or simultaneous infection of the cells with HCMV, whereas prior HIV-1 infection of the cells converted HCMV infection from a nonpermissive to a permissive one. No simultaneous enhancement of HCMV and HIV-1 expression was observed in the dually infected cell cultures. Major immediate-early proteins of HCMV were necessary for enhancement of HIV-1 replication, and interleukin-6 production induced by HCMV and further increased by replicating HIV-1 synergized with these proteins to produce this effect. Permissive replication cycle of HCMV was induced by the HIV-1 tat gene product. We were unable to detect HIV-1 (HCMV) or HCMV (HIV-1) pseudotypes in supernatant fluids from dually infected cell cultures. Our results suggest that interactions between HIV-1 and HCMV in coinfected syncytiotrophoblast cells may contribute to the transplacental transmission of both viruses.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1995

Roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis for assessing migration of total hip replacement femoral components.

A new Roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis system, using a biplane technique, has been developed to determine the migration and rotation of total hip replacement (THR) femoral components in three dimensions. Stainless steel marker balls were injected into the femur during the operation. The patients stood within a calibration frame during the X-ray. The two exposures were taken consecutively allowing radio-opaque shutters to be moved in front of the films to prevent fogging. Studies with a model demonstrated that the system was capable of measuring the position of an implant to better than 0.11 mm (2 SD). In vivo measurements demonstrated that the migration rate of the different parts of the femoral component could be determined with an accuracy of 0.25 to 0.50 mm/year. By considering the accuracy determined in different ways, methods for improving the system have been identified. The migration and rotation rate of 58 Hinek cemented femoral components was studied for four years. Migration was three to five times greater (p < 0.001) during the first year than subsequently. The prosthesis head moved the most during the first year (0.94 mm). A better understanding of the cause of implant failure could be obtained by studying the early migration of different types of prosthesis and comparing this with their clinical results and design features.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1995

Genetic determination of coagulation factor VIIc levels among healthy middle-aged women.

A recent study (1) reported variation among men in clotting factor VIIc levels is associated with a genetic polymorphism detected by the restriction enzyme Msp I. The present study determined the Msp I genotype (Arg353, Gln353 alleles) for 189 women (mean age 53) who were subjects in the Healthy Women Study, a population study of CHD risk factor change at menopause. Women with the Arg/Arg genotype (n = 147) had an 16% higher (geometric) mean FVIIc level than those with the Arg/Gln (n = 41) genotype (1.21 vs 1.04 U/ml, p < 0.01), while the one subject with the Gln/Gln genotype had an FVIIc level of 1.00 U/ml. These results are consistent with those previously found in healthy men (1). In addition, women carrying the Gln allele did not exhibit the elevation in FVIIc with menopause and use of hormone therapy found among those with the Arg allele, suggesting that genotype may modify the observed rise in factor VIIc at menopause. Possibly because of the small sample size this interaction did not reach conventional levels of statistical significance. Results of multiple linear regression analyses controlling for age, hormone use, obesity, (ln) triglyceride levels, and family history of CHD found FVIIc levels to be significantly (p < 0.001) related to genotype. Thus, genotype appears to be a major determinant of FVIIc levels among women.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

High efficiency callus induction and plant regeneration in petiole culture of four poplar genotypes.

In order to develop a simple and feasible approach to achieve high frequency plant regeneration for protoplast isolation and transformation experiments, a method was elaborated by using a new type of explant (petiole segments) for the four Populus nigra genotypes. Callus initiation from the petioles took place on N6 medium containing 2,4-D (0.1-1 mg/l). The highest rate of callus initiation (100%) was achieved when the basic medium was supplemented with 0.5 mg/l of 2,4-D, in all tested genotypes. For shoot regeneration, calli were transferred to MS and WPM medium supplemented with BA (1.0-2.5 mg/l) and NAA (0.2 mg/l). Multiple shoot regeneration was observed in each shoot induction medium. The highest rate of shoot regeneration (6.83 shoot/callus) was observed on MS medium containing 2.5 mg/l BA and 0.2 mg/l NAA. The results showed highly significant differences between the media. There was no significant difference between the genotypes and genotype x medium interaction.

Culture Media↗
PubMed1994

[Persistent atrial flutter induced by propafenone (Rytmonorm)].

The case history of two patients with atrial fibrillation are presented. In order to prevent/terminate fibrillation propafenone (Rytmonorm, 450-600 mg/day) was started, however this therapy resulted in permanent atrial flutter of 230-270/min mainly with 2:1 antrioventricular conduction. Analyzing the cases the authors emphasize that although Class Ic antiarrhythmic drugs (flecainide, encainide, propafenone) are capable to prevent or terminate atrial fibrillation, they may also induce atrial flutter in approximately 3.5-5% of these patients. The mechanism and recognition of this atrial proarrhythmic action are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[Eosinophilic leukemia: a rare form of Philadelphia chromosome negative chronic myeloid leukemia?].

Eosinophil leukaemia is a rare and poorly defined entity characterized by neoplastic proliferation of eosinophil cell line. This form of the hypereosinophilic state is considered to be a variant form of CML, although as a diseases entity is not generally accepted. A history of a patients is reported, whose clinical course is thought to fulfill the requirements of eosinophil leukaemia. On the basis of the initial results (pathological lymphogram, eosinophilia, Ph-negativity) lymphogranulomatosis was suspected and explorative laparotomy was performed. However, only marked eosinophilic infiltration of the spleen was detected. After splenectomy his disease was stable without treatment for six months when his leukocytosis and eosinophilia increased. Despite the administration of hydroxyurea the leukocyte count exceeded 100 x 10(9)/l (eosinophil cells 70%), and the bone marrow revealed massive (80%) eosinophilic infiltration. Neither Ph-chromosome, nor cabl and bcr gen rearrangement were demonstrated, but the expression and amplification of c-myc oncogene indicated disease progression. Interferon therapy produced long-term clinical and haematological improvement, but blastic transformation was developed in the second year of his disease. Autopsy showed multiple organ involvement characteristic of CML, but no marked eosinophilic infiltration was found. The feature of this case suggest that eosinophil leukaemia might represent an uncommon form of Ph-negative CML.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Co-expression of c-abl and c-myb oncogenes in Philadelphia chromosome-negative, bcr-negative chronic myeloid leukaemia.

Three cases of Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome-negative, bcr-negative chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) have been investigated for oncogene expression by Northern blot and cytoplasmic RNA dot blot hybridization. Considerably high levels of expression of c-abl and c-myb were observed in all cases. In the Ph-negative cells the normal 6.0 and 7.0 kb c-abl and 3.8 kb c-myb transcripts were found. No amplification of c-abl or c-myb oncogenes was detected in the DNAs of Ph-negative CML cells. Data suggest that co-operation between the overexpressed c-abl and c-myb oncogenes is causally related to Ph-negative bcr-negative CML.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Comparative study of antibodies that are associated with disease progression in HIV disease.

Two types of antibodies which previously were found to be inversely associated with CD4+ cell counts and which may contribute to the progression of HIV disease were measured in parallel in 55 serum samples of 7 longitudinally tested HIV-infected patients (4 homosexual men, 3 haemophilic men) and in 15 serum samples from 15 patients with advanced AIDS. HIV-infection enhancing antibodies were determined in the presence of near-physiologic human complement concentration using a complement receptor type 2 (CR2) carrying HIV-target cell line. IgG and IgA class autoantibodies directed against human IgG-Fab fragments were measured in specific ELISA assays. In agreement with our previous studies obtained in HIV-seropositive haemophilic patients, significant negative correlations were found between CD4+ cell counts and IgG anti-Fab and IgA anti-Fab antibodies (Spearman correlation coefficient r = -0.587, P < 0.0001; and r = -0.269, P = 0.024, respectively). A significant positive correlation was observed between complement-dependent enhancing antibodies and IgA anti-Fab antibodies (r = 0.408, P = 0.003), whereas the correlation with IgG anti-Fab antibodies was only weak (r = 0.288, P = 0.034). Serum samples with high titres of complement-dependent enhancing antibodies had almost 3 times higher IgA anti-Fab autoantibody activity than sera with low titres (P = 0.0038). Our findings indicate that the two disease markers in HIV disease, enhancing antibodies and autoantibodies directed against the Fab moiety of IgG, are not identical. However, anti-Fab antibodies may contribute to complement-dependent HIV infection enhancement.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1994

Neutralizing and enhancing antibodies measured in complement-restored serum samples from HIV-1-infected individuals correlate with immunosuppression and disease.

OBJECTIVE: To study the association between the progression of HIV disease and HIV neutralization and enhancement measured in the presence of human complement. DESIGN: Two studies were performed: (1) longitudinal measurement of the complement-dependent enhancing antibodies in parallel with T-cell subset determination in 55 serum samples from seven HIV-infected patients, and (2) determination of the titres of neutralizing and enhancing antibodies in stored samples of 21 HIV-asymptomatic patients obtained between 1986 and 1987 and follow-up of the patients until October 1992. METHODS: HIV-1 [human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV)IIIB strain, 100 median tissue culture infective dose (TCID50)] was incubated with twofold dilutions of sera in the presence of human complement (final dilution, 1:4) and added to MT-4 cells. HIV growth was monitored daily for 5 days using the reclustering inhibition and p24 immunofluorescence assays. RESULTS: A significant negative correlation between the titres of enhancing antibodies and CD4+ cell count was found in longitudinal measurements. In the prospective studies, marked differences were observed between patients with undetectable, low, or high titres of enhancing antibodies in the clinical course of HIV disease: CD4+ cell counts and percentages decreased more rapidly in the high titre group within 3 years. After 5 years, AIDS developed in five out of six patients in the high titre group but only in five out of 15 of the low titre group (P < 0.05). A similar difference was observed between patients with and without neutralizing antibodies. CONCLUSIONS: Measurement of HIV neutralization and enhancement in complement-containing serum samples using a complement receptor carrying target may provide data of clinical relevance. Neutralization appears to be associated with a favourable prognosis whereas high titre enhancing antibodies predict rapid progression of HIV disease.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1994

Antibody-dependent enhancement of HIV-1 infection in human term syncytiotrophoblast cells cultured in vitro.

We examined if Fc receptor-mediated antibody-dependent enhancement (FcR-ADE) or complement-mediated antibody-dependent enhancement (C'-ADE) of virus infection can contribute to increasing replication of HIV-1 in human syncytiotrophoblast (ST) cells. Here we report that both FcR-ADE and C'-ADE may result in enhanced virus release from HIV-1-infected ST cells. We show that FcR-ADE of HIV-1 infection in ST cells is mediated by FcRIII and other FcR(s) belonging to undetermined Fc classes and does not require CD4 receptors, whereas C'-ADE uses both CD4 and CR2-like receptors. FcR-ADE seems to be more efficient in enhancing HIV-1 replication than C'-ADE. While FcR-ADE leads to increased internalization of HIV-1, C'-ADE does not result in enhanced endocytosis of the virus. In addition, antibodies mediating FcR-ADE are reactive with the gp120 viral envelope antigen, whereas antibodies involved in C'-ADE react with the viral transmembrane glycoprotein gp41. Data suggest that both FcR-ADE and C'-ADE may contribute to the spread of HIV-1 from mother to the fetus.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1994

[Reoperation of hip endoprostheses].

Experiences gained in 106 reoperations of 88 patients following 1968 total and 18 Wagner arthroplasties, performed in the Department of the authors between 30. 05. 1969. and 30. 06. 1991., are described. They think that after the THR yearly control and radiological examinations are necessary. Radiological signs in symptomless patients do not mean operative indication, in these cases regular control is thought to be even more important. Big loss of bone with loosening makes reoperation in symptomless patients necessary as with the progression of bone destruction the danger of fracture increases and the possibility of reimplantation becomes dubious. In dubious cases bone scintigraphy may be of help. The technical solutions used by them are described. At the planning of reoperation the age of the patient, the state of the acetabulum and femur are considered. Under 60 years of age and at loosening with big bone loss cementless prosthesis and bone transplantation are suggested. The most important is thought to be to reach stable fixation. Attention is called that the performance of reoperation needs good technical skills.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Effect of neodymium on the crystal structure of human dental enamel in vitro].

The possibility of neodymium incorporation into hard tissues of permanent teeth has been investigated. The amount of neodymium was determined by X-ray microprobe analysis. The result indicates that different phases of enamel apatite have been recristallised. Neodymium compounds have appeared while the amount of some minerals in enamel have decreased. Neodymium could be an effective agent in stabilization of the apatite structure of dental enamel.

Crystallization↗
PubMed1994

Driver reaction times after total knee replacement.

We measured the driver reaction times of 40 patients before total knee replacement (TKR) and 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks after operation. The ability to perform an emergency stop was assessed as the time taken to achieve a brake pressure of 100 N after a visual stimulus. There were 18 drivers and 11 non-drivers; the latter had longer reaction times. In drivers, the ability to transfer the right foot from accelerator to brake pedal did not recover to preoperative levels for eight weeks after right TKR and was unchanged after left TKR. Patients should be advised that they should not drive for at least eight weeks after right TKR.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Colocalization of NGF receptor with VIP in rat suprachiasmatic neurones.

Low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor (p75NGFR) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) immunoreactive neuronal structures and their interrelationship were investigated at light and electron microscopic levels in rat suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). p75NGFR immunoreactive neuronal perikarya were detected in the ventrolateral part, while the dorsolateral region contained mainly receptor positive fibres. Double-label immunocytochemistry showed that nearly all p75NGFR positive neurones in the ventrolateral region of the SCN also contained VIP. The axons of the receptor positive neurones terminated on unidentified neurones. In single-label experiments, the axons of the VIP containing neurones formed axodendritic synapses on cells containing the same peptide. The findings provide further insight on the chemical structural organization of the SCN.

Animals↗