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Biomedical subjects

J Kelly

Publications and source records attributed to J Kelly.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Disseminated histoplasmosis in an English patient with diabetes mellitus.

Histoplasma capsulatum is not endemic in Britain. We report a case of disseminated histoplasmosis in an English man who had not ventured out of northern Europe for 30 years. The disease presented as painful mouth ulcers and hepatosplenomegaly six months after he had developed maturity-onset diabetes. The origin of the infecting fungus may have been from within the United Kingdom or alternatively it may have existed as an intraoral saprophyte for over 30 years.

Diabetes Complications↗
PubMed1977

Evaluation of fetal wellbeing by antepartum fetal heart monitoring.

The value of antenatal fetal heart rate monitoring was assessed in 301 patients. Tracings from each patient were classified as "reactive" or "non-reactive." Perinatal mortality, fetal distress in labour, caesarean section for fetal distress, and the incidence of low Apgar scores were all significantly increased in the non-reactive group.

Female↗
PubMed1977

Deficits in food and water intake after knife cuts that deplete striatal DA or hypothalamic NE in rats.

Knife cuts ventral or medial to the striatum were used to interrupt some of the principal connections of this structure. All of the cuts depleted striatal dopamine and produced aphagia and adipsia but there was no indication that the two classes of effects were always correlated. Cuts medial to the striatum produced the most severe DA depletions, persistent aphagia and adipsia, and the full complement of deficits in responding to glucoprivic and hydrational challenges that characterize rats that have recovered from lateral hypothalamic lesions. Cuts ventral to posterior portions of the striatum produced comparable periods of aphagia and adipsia (but few of the persisting impairments in responsiveness to regulatory challenges) even though their effect on striatal DA was relatively small (the average depletion was 51% compared to 89% for rats with cuts medial to the striatum). A second group of rats with cuts below more anterior aspects of the striatum sustained severe DA depletions (70%) but only very brief periods of aphagia and adipsia and only slight deficits in responding to osmotic challenges. The effects of the DA depleting cuts were compared with the behavioral consequences of coronal cuts in the midbrain tegmentum which selectively depleted hypothalamic norepinephrine. These cuts did not produce reliable effects on either food or water intake but abolished the normal feeding response to 2-deoxy-d-glucose without affecting the response to insulin. A correlational analysis of the biochemical and behavioral results of our cuts indicated a significant positive relationship between drinking in response to cellular thirst stimuli and hypothalamic NE as well as striatal DA. The postoperative body weights of our experimental animals were positively correlated with striatal dopamine and negatively related to hypothalamic norepinephrine.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Supersensitivity to norepinephrine or dopamine antagonists after knife cuts that produce aphagia and adipsia in rats.

Aphagia and adipsia of equivalent duration were produced by knife cuts along the lateral border of the hypothalamus (PH cuts), or the medial surface of the globus pallidus (MP cuts) in male albino rats. Striatal dopamine (DA) was reduced by 75% in animals with PH cuts but only 50% by MP cuts. Hypothalamic norepinephrine was reduced 25% by PH cuts and was unaffected by MP cuts. Aphagia and adipsia were positively correlated with DA depletions only in rats with PH cuts. Presurgical catecholamine depletions produced by chronic injections of alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine did not alter the duration of aphagia or adipsia resulting from these knife cuts. However, following recovery of ingestive behavior, rats with PH and MP cuts were supersensitive to the anorexic effects of the dopamine-beta-hydroxylase inhibitor, diethyldithiocarbamate. Exaggerated anorexia was also observed after DA blockade by haloperidol or alpha-adrenergic blockade by phenoxybenzamine. The most pronounced effects of catecholamine blockade were observed in rats with PH cuts.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Behavioral and biochemical effects of knife cuts that preferentially interrupt principal afferent and efferent connections of the striatum in the rat.

Knife cuts were made that preferentially interrupted (a) the nigrostriatal pathway; (b) pallidofugal projections to the lower brainstem; (c) caudate-pallidal interconnections; and (d) fibers entering or leaving the striatum ventrally. The effects of these cuts on conditioned (shuttle box) avoidance, passive avoidance, swimming escape, sucrose-rewarded alley running, locomotor activity, and various measures of sensory-motor function were examined. The norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin content of the striatum, residual forebrain and hypothalamus were determined following the completion of behavioral testing. The pattern of results suggests that striatal functions which are significantly influenced by several afferent and efferent connections are essential for the acquisition and, perhaps, execution of complex behavior in appetitive as well as aversive test paradigms. A special role for the dopaminergic afferents to the striatum was not established in these tests.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Regulatory deficits after surgical transections of three components of the MFB: correlation with regional amine depletions.

Parasagittal knife cuts along the lateral border of the diencephalon (PS), coronal cuts across the lateral (LMFB) or medial (MMFB) components of the medial forebrain bundle reproduce most of the persisting deficits in responding to glucoprivic and hydrational challenges that characterize rats with lateral hypothalamic lesions or intracranial injections of 6-hydroxydopamine (60HDA). Each of these cuts produced a differnet pattern of regulatory deficits, suggesting that individual components of the LH syndrome may be mediated by different neural substrates. This interpretation is supported by the results of our correlational analysis of the relationships between specific behavioral and biochemical effects of our cuts. For example, feeding responses to insulin were reliably correlated with striatal DA concentrations but feeding responses to 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG) were not. Water intake during periods of food deprivation was reliably correlated with striatal DA but water intake after an experimental osmotic challenge was not. Only one of the common persisting deficits (impaired feeding response to peripheral injections of insulin) was positively correlated with the duration of aphagia and adipsia.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

GABA stimulation and blockade in the hypothalamus and midbrain: effects on feeding and locomotor activity.

Microinjections of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) antagonist, bicuculline methiodide (BM) (100 ng), into the anterolateral hypothalamus (LH) increased ingestion of sweet milk. A subsequent injection of BM 48 hrs. later produced a type of kindling effect consisting of feeding related automatisms, such as gnawing and biting. The behavioral effects of injections of 100 ng of GABA into the LH were variable. GABA injections into the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) reliably increased food intake. GABA injections into the origin of the nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) suppressed it. Similar injections into the origin of the mesolimbic DA cells in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) had no effect on feeding behavior. Following BM injections into the SN, a moderate increase in tilt box activity was observed. A second injection of the GABA blocker 6 days later exaggerated this effect. Short latency extreme hyperactivation was accompanied by unidirectional barrel rolling which persisted until blocked by local injections of GABA.

Aminobutyrates↗
PubMed1977

Faculty evaluation by residents in a family medicine residency program.

Accountability in graduate medical education is dependent on the willingness of the residents and faculty to make their expectations and commitments explicit and to be held reponsible for fulfilling their commitments. In an effort to encourage accountability, residents in the University of Oklahoma Family Practice Residency Program evaluated the effectiveness of faculty members as learning facilitators. Several dimensions of the learning facilitator role were examined at a resident retreat and the results of the initial evaluations were discussed individually with each faculty member. A subsequent evaluation was conducted one year later, and a comparison of the results of the two evaluations suggests that such efforts can serve to stimulate modification of selected behaviors and thereby improve the quality of teaching in family practice residencies.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1976

Continuous fetal monitoring in the ambulant patient in labour.

Fetal heart rate was monitored continuously in 30 ambulant women in labour by radiotelemetry. The procedure was practicable and, since contractions were less uncomfortable with the patient standing or walking about, reduced the need for analgesia. It also resulted in a more natural labour. Use of the procedure may lessen the risk of thromboembolism.

Female↗
PubMed1976

Hepatitis B antigen card test III: sensitivity and specificity.

A simple, rapid hepatitis B antigen card test (card test III) with third-generation sensitivity has been developed. This test is a modification of the charcoal-particle agglutination-inhibition procedure. Sera from voluntary blood donors and hospital patients were tested by the new procedure, by the original inhibition technic, by reversed passive hemagglutination, and by radioimmunoassay. This comparison showed that CT III has a specificity equal to that of radioimmunoassay and is almost as sensitive.

Antibodies, Viral↗