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Biomedical subjects

J Kane

Publications and source records attributed to J Kane.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Pharmacologic studies of tardive dyskinesia.

Based on the results of two preliminary studies, we concluded that late-developing persistent drug-induced movement disorders are pharmacologically heterogeneous, and this heterogeneity is seen between individual patients (and groups of patients) as well as within body areas of individual patients; dystonic pathology has a distinct and more consistent response to pharmacologic stimulation than does nondystonic tardive dyskinesia (TD); and, although disturbances in dopamine and acetylcholine appear to be involved in these disorders, they do not in all cases exist in functionally opposite relationships. The observed pharmacologic heterogeneity in TD response reflects the limitations of the dopamine/acetylcholine model of TD, which oversimplifies the neuroanatomy of the basal ganglia and the pathophysiology of TD. The chemical and anatomical complexity of this region suggests that other neurotransmitter systems and neuronal circuits within and extending from the basal ganglia may be disturbed in the pathogenesis of TD.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Fusarium proliferatum as an agent of disseminated infection in an immunosuppressed patient.

Fusarium proliferatum was reported as the agent of a fatal disseminated infection in a child with lymphoblastic leukemia. The fungus has not been reported previously to cause disease in humans, but it is closely related to the known opportunistic pathogen F. verticillioides. It was distinguished by the production of clavate microconidia in chains from proliferating phialides. Resistance to amphotericin B and flucytosine in vitro was shown.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1988

Rapid method for differentiation of Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and related dermatophyte species.

Bromocresol purple-milk solids-glucose medium, proposed by Fischer and Kane in 1971 (Mycopathol. Mycol. Appl. 43:169-180, 1971) as an aid in the rapid determination of Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes, was evaluated across a wide range of isolates to determine its accuracy and efficacy in the clinical laboratory. Results showed that it facilitated accurate determination of typical and atypical isolates of both species and also permitted the rapid identification of other closely related and similar species. Identification of all dermatophyte species tested was possible within 7 to 10 days. Occult contamination of isolates by antibiotic-resistant bacteria did not hinder identification.

Arthrodermataceae↗
PubMed1988

Pharmacologic characterization of tardive dyskinesia.

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) occurs in approximately 20% of patients treated chronically with antipsychotic drugs and constitutes a major public health problem. The cause of this disorder remains unknown, and no effective treatment has yet been found. The major etiologic theory (dopamine [DA] supersensitivity hypothesis) suggests that TD is the pharmacologic opposite of Parkinson's disease and implies that all patients with TD should respond uniformly to specific pharmacologic agents. Clinical research, however, has not borne this out. To evaluate pharmacologic response in TD syndromes, 15 patients underwent single dose acute administration of four different drugs: a DA agonist (bromocriptine 5 mg orally), a DA antagonist (haloperidol 5 mg intravenously), a cholinergic agonist (physostigmine 2 mg intravenously) and a cholinergic antagonist (benztropine 4 mg intravenously), individually in separate procedures at weekly intervals for four consecutive weeks in randomized order and under controlled double-blind conditions. Patients were evaluated for their clinical and endocrine responses. Pre- and post-drug administration TD exams were blindly rated. Results were not consistent with the DA supersensitivity theory; instead they demonstrated marked inter- and intrasubject variability in pharmacologic responses. Greatest uniformity in response was found among the tardive dystonic subjects, although this also was not consistent with a DA supersensitivity hypothesis. TD appears to be a pharmacologically heterogeneous condition, which may reflect the neurochemical complexity of the basal ganglia.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Improved procedures for differentiating Microsporum persicolor from Trichophyton mentagrophytes.

Microsporum persicolor, a zoophilic dermatophyte species, is seldom recorded causing human infections in North America. Its identification has been enhanced as a direct result of the development of improved techniques for its characterization. Identifying characteristics include induction of rough-walled macroconidia on sodium chloride-amended medium, absence of good growth at 37 degrees C, and absence of a pH change during growth on casein glucose medium. In contrast, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, a species commonly confused with M. persicolor, has smooth-walled macroconidia, grows well at 37 degrees C, and produces an alkaline reaction on casein glucose medium.

Culture Media↗
PubMed1987

Sodium chloride as aid in identification of Phaeoannellomyces werneckii and other medically important dematiaceous fungi.

Seventeen taxa of dematiaceous fungi isolated from humans were tested to determine their responses to various concentrations of sodium chloride in vitro. Five groups of species were recognized on the basis of differing tolerances. Phaeoannellomyces werneckii was distinguished by its tolerance of greater than or equal to 15% NaCl; most dematiaceous pathogens were suppressed at less than or equal to 7% NaCl.

Mitosporic Fungi↗
PubMed1986

Serum apolipoproteins AI and B and lipoproteins in middle aged men with and without previous myocardial infarction.

The serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions, HDL2, and HDL3, and serum apolipoprotein AI and B (apo AI and B) were evaluated as potential indicators of the risk of ischaemic heart disease in men aged less than 60 years who had previously had a myocardial infarction and in controls with a similar socioeconomic background who had no history of myocardial ischaemia. Discriminant analysis confirmed that the combination of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and total HDL cholesterol distinguished poorly between patients and controls. The best single discriminating variable was apo B. Stepwise discriminant analysis showed that this discrimination could be improved to a small extent by combining apo B with apo AI and parental history, but nothing was gained by measurement of serum cholesterol triglycerides, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, HDL2 or HDL3 cholesterol. Significantly more patients than controls with type IV hyperlipoproteinaemia had raised concentrations of serum apolipoprotein B, but the frequency of raised apolipoprotein B concentrations was no greater in patients with type IV hyperlipoproteinaemia than in those with normal serum lipids. The value of apo B as an indicator of cardiovascular risk should be assessed in prospective studies.

Apolipoprotein A-I↗
PubMed1985

Contamination of intravenous fluid with Sporothrix schenckii.

Fungi are known to contaminate intravenous (IV) solutions, particularly when there is a defect in the bottle or bag. On occasion several millilitres of such solutions have been infused into patients before the recognition of clumps in the fluid led to termination of the infusion. We wish to report the case of a patient accidentally infused with 100 ml of a solution that on subsequent culture yielded both Penicillium species, a previously recorded contaminant, and Sporothrix schenckii, a recognised pathogen. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an IV solution contaminated with S. schenckii.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

A family study of schizophrenic and normal control probands: implications for the spectrum concept of schizophrenia.

Morbidity risks for mental illness were determined in 750 first-degree relatives of chronic schizophrenic and normal control probands. Psychiatric disorders that were more frequent in relatives of schizophrenic probands than in relatives of normal control probands were chronic schizophrenia (5.8% versus 0.6%), schizotypal personality disorder (definite, 14.6% versus 2.1%; probable, 12.1% versus 6.5%), and paranoid personality disorder (7.3% versus 2.3%). The data suggest that schizotypal and paranoid personality disorders are genetically related to schizophrenia. The implications for schizophrenia research are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Modern research criteria and the genetics of schizophrenia.

The authors assessed the relevance of narrowly defined diagnostic criteria to genetic research in schizophrenia in the nuclear families of 84 chronic schizophrenic probands compared with families of 90 normal control probands. The morbidity risk for narrowly defined schizophrenia in first-degree relatives of patients with the narrow diagnosis was significantly higher than the control rate (3.8% versus 0.3%). The rate of chronic schizophrenia in the relatives of all schizophrenic patients was also significantly higher than the control rate (7.1% versus 0.6%), as was the rate of "spectrum" disorders (33.4% versus 11.3%). The data support the case for familial transmission of narrowly defined schizophrenia.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Plasma amine oxidase and clinical features of schizophrenia.

Among 76 chronic schizophrenic patients, plasma amine oxidase activity was unrelated to paranoid/nonparanoid subtype, narrow/broad diagnostic criteria, prognosis, or age at onset. These clinical indices do not identify biological subtypes of schizophrenia with deviant plasma amine oxidase activity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Systemic acyclovir in pregnancy: a case report.

Disseminated herpes simplex infection in pregnancy presents serious risk to mother and fetus. Although an uncommon problem, the high maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity accompanying disseminated herpes infection warrants aggressive new treatment. Specific antiviral chemotherapy is now possible for selected cases. The present report describes the use of acyclovir during the third trimester for disseminated herpes simplex infection. The treatment protocol used and pregnancy outcome are described for this case. Acyclovir therapy and potential toxicities are described.

Acyclovir↗