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Biomedical subjects

J K Stanghelle

Publications and source records attributed to J K Stanghelle.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Rehabilitation of patients with brain stem damage].

We describe seven patients with serious brain stem damage who were admitted to Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital over a period of two years (1989-91). Our patients had quadriplegia and anarthria with some or completely preserved cognitive function. They experienced varying degrees of restitution, but all remained severely impaired. Important areas for rehabilitation include communication, alimentation, mobility, emotional reactions, medical complications and daily living arrangements. Severely impaired patients can enhance their quality of life by use of technical devices. Minimal motor function is necessary to control a switch, but preserved cognitive function is essential.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[42 patients with post-polio syndrome. A retrospective study from Sunnaas hospital].

We describe a retrospective study of 42 patients admitted to Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital with suspect postpolio syndrome over a period of two years. The patients were 32 females and 10 males aged 28-74 years (mean 54 years). 29 were married or cohabitant, 31 had children, and 20 were in paid employment. The mean age at onset of polio was 12 years, with an average interval of 36 years between onset of polio and onset of new problems. The mean duration of new health problems was seven years. The most common such problems were pain in muscles and joints, general fatigue and new weakness of the muscles. 28 of the patients needed personal assistance to carry out everyday activities. 33 had braces, crutches or wheelchair for ambulation. Lung function was moderately reduced and physical working capacity was severely reduced. Physiotherapy, ergotherapy and technical aids were provided for 38 of the patients, 16 received assistance to organizing social support or help at home, 13 were helped to make practical changes in their homes, and eight were provided with a wheelchair. According to this study, most patients with the postpolio syndrome need interdisciplinary evaluation and management in a rehabilitation hospital.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Urinary problems among patients with stroke. Are these problems underestimated?].

The article, based on a survey and a study of the literature, focuses on the problems of urinary disorders in patients who have suffered a stroke. The incidence of incontinence and other urination disorders was studied upon admission and six weeks later in ten stroke patients admitted consecutively to a hospital for rehabilitation. The results of the present study agreed with those of other studies, indicating that urination disorders, especially motoric urge incontinence, are common among stroke patients. The literature indicates that urinary incontinence has a negative influence on the rehabilitation process. Therefore the rehabilitation team should be particularly aware of such problems, and carry out both diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Diving of patients with spinal cord injuries].

Three patients with traumatic spinal cord injuries of a level below Th 5 have been certified as sports divers in Norway, and an increasing number of other paraplegics and tetraplegics have shown an interest for diving. The article reviews possible complications for these patients during diving. It is concluded that diving is not unsuitable for patients with spinal cord injuries, even for tetraplegics, but these persons run greater risk of complications than healthy divers do. However, on the basis of present knowledge, we have prohibited diving to below 20 m, and patients with spinal cord injuries over Th 5 have so far been advised not to dive. All diving must be performed only after comprehensive training and adaptation.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Patients with postpoliomyelitis syndrome in a rehabilitation hospital].

An increasing number of patients with suspected post-polio syndrome are referred to Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital. Using a case history as illustration, the article presents the model used for examination and treatment of these patients, based upon clinical observations, functional tests and comprehensive judgement by the rehabilitation team.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Physical exercise for patients with cystic fibrosis: a review.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited, chronic disease which mainly affects the lungs and the nutrition. Intensive treatment has gradually improved the outcome for the patients. Exercise therapy has been increasingly advocated to be included in the CF regimen. Our own studies indicate that both short-term and long-term training ameliorate the physical conditions for CF patients, that there is no danger for well-trained CF patients--both boys and girls--to take part even in vigorous, prolonged exercises, and that CF patients might have a positive attitude toward physical activities. Of course, all physical activities have to be individually designed. A review of the literature is also given: The specific ventilatory factors in CF, the limitations of exercise, the problem with exercise-induced asthma, the training effect on lung drainage, on lung function, on infections, on biochemical and hormonal variables, on nutrition and the gastrointestinal tract, on the musculoskeletal apparatus, and on the mind. Nearly all these reports are favorable for a carefully monitored, high activity in CF patients. Practical considerations for activities are given.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1988

Five-year follow-up of pulmonary function and peak oxygen uptake in 16-year-old boys with cystic fibrosis, with special regard to the influence of regular physical exercise.

Eight Norwegian boys with cystic fibrosis (CF) 16 years of age were included in a 5-year follow-up study. They underwent pulmonary function and bicycle exercise tests 2-16 times each. The individual's habitudinal level of physical exercise was registered by interviews and training diaries to study whether it could be correlated to the developments in lung function, peak oxygen uptake (peak VO2), and Shwachman score. The boys were characterized by a large interindividual variation in both lung function, peak VO2, and Shwachman score at the first test in the study. Four boys trained regularly 3-9 h weekly, while the four others had no regular exercise. Two of the latter, who also had the lowest Shwachman scores, died during the study. The other two in the non-training group deteriorated significantly in clinical scores, lung function variables, and peak VO2 during the study period of 5 years. The four boys in the training group improved in lung function and peak VO2 in accordance with or even better than expected in healthy adolescent boys during the same growth period. Even though the material is small, and several factors might influence the results, the study indicates that regular physical exercise has beneficial long-term effects on lung function, physical fitness, and Shwachman score in adolescent CF boys.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Young patients with cystic fibrosis: attitude toward physical activity and influence on physical fitness and spirometric values of a 2-week training course.

The purpose of this investigation was to study the attitude toward physical activity in young patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and the influence of 2 weeks of training on physical fitness and spirometric values. Two groups of CF patients with mean ages of 11 and 15 years, respectively (total of 13 patients, range 9-21 years), participated in the study. Two healthy control groups with mean ages of 11 and 14 years, respectively, performed the same tests as the CF patients. The CF patients answered questionnaires regarding their attitude toward the activities both during the camp and at home and accomplished spirometric and exercise tests. The CF childrens' parents were interviewed concerning their children's attitude toward physical activity. The attitude toward physical activity of the CF children was very positive both during the camps and at home. The CF patients had at least as good a motivation for exercise as the healthy controls. The physical fitness of the CF patients was reduced, but improved during the training period. The spirometric tests were unchanged during the first course, but increased significantly during the other camp, even if lung physiotherapy was stopped during the training period. The study indicates that CF patients can be motivated for physical exercise, even for training for endurance and at a high enough level to replace lung physiotherapy, at least for shorter periods.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Effect of daily short bouts of trampoline exercise during 8 weeks on the pulmonary function and the maximal oxygen uptake of children with cystic fibrosis.

Six girls and two boys with cystic fibrosis (CF) 10-13.5 years of age (mean 11.5 years) participated in a prescribed exercise program on a mini-trampoline, maximum 109 min/week, during 8 weeks. The training consisted of three short bouts of trampoline exercise. The CF children were divided into two groups. The first group was a control as the other group exercised on the trampoline and vice versa. Three patients in each group completed the study. Pulmonary and exercise tests were performed before and after the exercise/control periods. The pulmonary tests (FVC, FEV1, and PEFR) showed minor changes during the exercise period, but a slight increase in FVC (P less than 0.05) during the total time of the study was found. The two patients with more advanced lung disease improved their spirometric results during the training period. The maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) improved from 45 to 49 ml/kg/min (P less than 0.025) during the exercise period. Trampoline exercise programs are suggested to supply other types of training to avoid monotony in the training for CF patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Cystic fibrosis patients running a marathon race.

This article presents three male marathon runners with cystic fibrosis (CF) who successfully completed the New York Marathon 1984 in warm environments in 6.10.33, 4.42.22, and 4.32.15, respectively. The characteristics of the CF patients and their companions as well as a presentation of their runs are given.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Biochemical changes and endocrine responses in cystic fibrosis in relation to incremental maximal exhaustive exercise.

The purpose of this study was to compare biochemical changes and endocrine responses during an incremental maximal bicycle test in three well-trained 18-year-old patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and in three healthy controls. Although the blood concentration at rest of the white cell count, haptoglobin, phosphorus, urea, creatinine, and uric acid were somewhat different in the two groups, the CF patients had similar biochemical changes in response to the exercise compared with the healthy men. The endocrine responses to exercise seemed to be different between the two groups with regard to changes in cortisol, growth hormone, and testosterone concentrations. The differences, however, were probably caused by differences in age, training situation, and psychological stress reaction rather than by pathological mechanisms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Biochemical changes and endocrine responses in cystic fibrosis in relation to a marathon race.

Biochemical changes and endocrine responses during the New York Marathon (42195 m) were investigated in three 18-year-old male adolescents with cystic fibrosis (CF) and three healthy men who accompanied the CFs during the race. The ambient temperature was 20 degrees-28 degrees C and the relative humidity 98%-75% during the run. The CF patients, who had Shwachman scores of 60, 85 and 95 completed the run without major problems in 6.10, 4.42, and 4.32 h, respectively. Serum concentrations of Na and Cl decreased slightly, but the values were still within normal range. Na and Cl excretions in the urine decreased to very low levels in the CF adolescents during the run. All the other biochemical changes were similar to the changes in the controls. Aldosterone concentration increased to a higher level and maintained this increase for a longer time after the race in the CFs. Testosterone concentration decreased more in the CFs during the race compared with the controls. Growth hormone concentration showed individually varying changes in response to the exercise. This study demonstrates that patients with CF may participate in strenuous prolonged exercise even in humid and hot conditions, without untoward effects. The observed differences in hormonal responses to exercise might be explained by differences in age, training status, and relative exercise intensity rather than by hormonal or other disturbances in CF.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Fatty acids in cystic fibrosis in response to a marathon race.

Lipid metabolism was studied in three cystic fibrosis (CF) patients (18 years old) and three healthy controls (35-40 years old) who completed the New York Marathon 1984. Lipase was not detectable in plasma from two of the CF patients, but in one CF patient with a functioning pancreas and in the three controls it increased during and after the run. Cholesterol concentrations were lower in all patients than in the controls. The HDL/total cholesterol ratios increased in all runners throughout the observation period, substantially more in the patients than in the controls. Triglycerides and glycerol values were similar in the two groups. The relative distribution of fatty acids in total plasma, plasma free fatty acid fractions, and total red blood cell membranes, at rest, were similar to those earlier reported both for the CF patients with pancreatic insufficiency and for the controls. Lower relative concentrations of linoleic acid (C18:2n6) and higher relative concentrations of C14:0, C16:0, C16:1, C18:3n6, and C20:3n6 were found in the CF specimens. During and after the race, linoleic acid concentration increased and the other fatty acids decreased, giving a more normalized pattern in the patients. The fatty acid pattern of the CF patient with a functioning pancreas behaved more like the healthy controls. The fatty acid pattern of the red cell membrane did not change during or after the run. Although the observations are few, it is encouraging that both the HDL/total cholesterol ratio and the fatty acid pattern improve in response to prolonged aerobic exercise.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Dopamine and catecholamines in cystic fibrosis in response to a marathon race.

The excretions of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) metabolites and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were followed before, during, and after a marathon race in three patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and three healthy controls. Moderately increased DOPA excretions in CFs compared with controls before, during, and after the race support the idea that there is an altered metabolism of DOPA in CF. Noradrenaline, adrenaline, homovanillic acid, and vanilmandelic acid were increased in CFs compared with controls mainly during and after the race, which might be a reflection of the heavier working intensity that the CF patients had in comparison with their healthy controls. 5-HIAA, the breakdown product of serotonin, was higher in CFs in comparison with controls before and during the run, but equal thereafter. This reflects an ameliorated serotonin metabolism after the run.

Catecholamines↗
PubMed1988

Vigorous exercise in a female with cystic fibrosis: spirometric, biochemical, and endocrine responses during four types of intensive exercise.

Spirometric, biochemical, and endocrine responses during a maximal ergometer cycle test and during three runs (10 km, 21.1 km, and 42.2 km) were investigated in one female with cystic fibrosis (CF) 27 years of age and in two healthy control females 26 and 29 years of age. One of the controls ran as a companion to the CF woman, while the other ran at her own speed. The CF woman has a chronic respiratory Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, and her spirometric values were 50%-70% of predicted values at the time of the study. For the last years she has been training almost daily with aerobics, running, cycling, or skiing. She completed the four types of exercise without major problems. Her spirometric values increased transiently following the cycle test and for several hours following the three races (maximal 20%-30% increase of spirometric values), while the controls had transient decreases of the same variables in response to the runs. The biochemical and the hormonal changes were similar in the CF woman and the control who ran at her own speed, while the control who was a less stressed companion showed smaller changes. This study demonstrates that well-trained females with CF may participate in strenuous prolonged exercise without untoward effects.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗