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Biomedical subjects

J Junge

Publications and source records attributed to J Junge.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Prognostic value of interleukin-8 in AIDS-associated Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.

UNLABELLED: Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a potent neutrophil chemoattractant and activator. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is associated with an accumulation of neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Thus, we hypothesized that IL-8 is involved in the pathogenesis of P. carinii pneumonia. BAL fluid and serum were prospectively collected in 76 consecutive HIV-infected patients with a primary episode of P. carinii pneumonia, as well as in 10 healthy control subjects. Patients were found to have elevated levels of IL-8 in BAL fluid compared with control subjects (p < 0.01). Nine patients died during the course of P. carinii pneumonia. Comparing survivors with nonsurvivors, the median IL-8 level in BAL fluid was 127 (0 to 3,900) versus 584 (127 to 6,100) pg/ml (p < 0.05). Furthermore, patients with levels of IL-8 in BAL fluid greater than 90 pg/ml (i.e., greater than control subjects) had significantly worse vital prognosis (log rank test, p < 0.05). Thirteen percent required mechanical ventilation (MV). Patients requiring MV had a median IL-8 level of 396 (25 to 6,100) versus 129 (0 to 3,900) pg/ml for patients not requiring MV (p < 0.05). IN CONCLUSION: i) IL-8 in BAL fluid correlates to the clinical severity of the pneumonia, and ii) is a predictor of mortality and severe respiratory compromise.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1994

Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma and papillomaviruses: indications for two different etiologies.

The vulvectomy specimens of 78 patients with vulvar squamous cell carcinoma were reviewed and examined for human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6, 11, 16, 18, and 33 by the polymerase chain reaction technique. The tumors were classified as keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (KSC), as warty carcinoma (WC), and as basaloid carcinoma (BC). DNA of HPV types 16 and 33 was found in 2/51 KSC, in 12/17 WC, and in 10/10 BC. HPV types 6, 11, and 18 were not detected. Patients with WC and BC were younger, and 78% had VIN III lesions adjacent to the carcinoma. Patients with KSC were older and had a high incidence of dystrophic lesions, including lichen sclerosus, adjacent to the tumor. None of the KSC showed adjacent VIN III. In conclusion, vulvar carcinoma segregates into two categories, of which KSC seems to be the classic type, only rarely associated with HPV infection, and mostly affecting older women; WC and BC constitute an HPV-related subgroup of tumors occurring in younger patients and are associated with VIN III lesions from which they may emerge.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Pleurodesis with polidocanol in pigs. An experimental study.

Polidocanol was instilled in five pleural cavities of three pigs. Adhesions formed in all. Adhesion distribution varied from covering a minor part to most of the lung, depending on the amount of polidocanol. One control cavity treated with sodium chloride was unaffected. Microscopy showed fibrous bridges between the pleural layers and mild submesothelial fibrosis and inflammation.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Cervical koilocytosis and high risk HPV types: the benefit of laser vaporization.

Forty-six patients with biopsy-proven cervical koilocytosis, which in 19 cases was associated with CIN I, were randomized to treatment by cervical laser vaporization or to follow-up without therapy. The polymerase chain reaction was used to examine the paraffin-embedded cervical biopsies for human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6, 11, 16, 18 and 33 by polymerase chain reaction and molecular hybridization technique. Twenty biopsies contained HPV DNA, in 17 cases of the putatively oncogenic types HPV 16 and HPV 18. During a mean follow-up of 28 months, the lesions resolved in 37 women, 5 women had progression to CIN III lesions, and 4 women had persisting disease. Lesions not harboring any of the 5 HPV types showed a high spontaneous regression rate of 88%, which was not improved by the laser therapy. In the HPV-positive lesions, resolution occurred in only 29% of untreated lesions, but in 92% of those treated by laser. The difference is significant (P = 0.007). It is concluded that in patients with cervical koilocytosis, the HPV diagnosis could be of practical value in identifying patients who might benefit from treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Amount of Pneumocystis carinii and degree of acute lung inflammation in HIV-associated P carinii pneumonia.

Correlations between semiquantitative amounts of Pneumocystis carinii (PC), the degree of inflammation, and the severity of pneumonia were analyzed in 58 patients with PC pneumonia (PCP). Material from both transbronchial biopsies (TBBs; n = 39) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF; n = 57) was examined. In the TBB the amount of PC correlated strongly with overall inflammation in the interstitium (Kendall correlation coefficient [Kcc] = 0.59; p < 0.0001), type 2 pneumocyte proliferation, and edema formation. The amount of PC in the TBB also correlated with interstitial accumulation of neutrophils (Kcc = 0.54; p = 0.0001), lymphocytes, and macrophages. In BALF the amount of PC correlated with edema formation and type 2 pneumocyte proliferation in the TBB but not with the percentage of neutrophils, lymphocytes, or macrophages in BALF. The amount of PC in the BALF and the percentage of neutrophils in the BALF correlated significantly with Po2 and the serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level. Neither short-term nor long-term survival was affected by the amount of PC, inflammatory markers in the TBB, inflammatory cells in BALF, Po2, or the serum LDH levels. In conclusion, the amount of PC is associated with the extent of the acute inflammatory reaction in the lung in PCP associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Tumours classified as "malignant histiocytosis" in children are T-cell neoplasms.

During the last five years increasing evidence has accumulated that many tumours classified as 'histiocytic' in the past do not originate from macrophages, but from transformed (or anaplastic) large lymphoid cells. Most of these studies have focused upon adult neoplasms. Knowledge concerning the lineage of 'histiocytic' tumours in the paediatric age group is more limited. In this study we have examined the clinical, morphological and immunophenotypical features of six childhood malignancies originally diagnosed as being of histiocytic origin. Three patients showed an aggressive course with involvement of internal organs and very short survival times. Two patients were brought into remission: one is alive without active disease after seven years; the other died after seven years due to treatment-related cardiomyopathy. The remaining patient had a protracted course for two and a half years, but subsequently deteriorated and died three years after diagnosis. The histomorphological features in five cases were those of anaplastic large cell lymphomas. The remaining case consisted of pleomorphic (rather than anaplastic) large lymphoid cells. In all cases the immunophenotypical examination showed features characteristic of activated T lymphocytes. All cases were positive for Ki-1 (CD30), and three were positive for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). Histiocyte-associated markers were positive in residual reactive macrophages, but nowhere could unequivocal positivity for macrophage-associated markers be seen in the neoplastic cells. It is concluded that most childhood malignancies in the past classified as 'histiocytic' are examples of anaplastic large cell (Ki-1) lymphomas of T-cell type and that true histiocytic malignancies are exceedingly rare in the paediatric age group.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1991

[3 cases of visceral leishmaniasis, one in a HIV-positive man].

Three cases of visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) are presented. One of these was in a 43-year-old patient with AIDS who was infected in Southern Spain. Another was in a man aged 25 years infected in West Africa. These cases are the first two adults to be reported in Denmark. The third case was an 18 month old previously healthy boy, infected in Southern Spain. The symptomtology, diagnosis and treatment of the disease are discussed and it is stressed that serological diagnostic tests have limited value in HIV positive patients.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

The pattern of fibrosis in the acinar zone 3 areas in early alcoholic liver disease.

The degree of fibrosis and the pattern of collagen distribution in the acinar zone 3, as well as the thickness of the terminal hepatic vein walls (THV) were analyzed in 48 consecutive liver needle biopsies from 48 alcoholics with preserved liver architecture. The fibrosis occurred to more or less the same degree in the whole circumference of each THV. A positive correlation was found between the degrees of perisinusoidal/pericellular fibrosis (PSF) and the occurrence of incomplete or complete septa. The thickness of THV walls (TTHV) varied from 1.0-12.5 microns with a median of 3.9 microns. No relationship was found between TTHV and PSF. The results were compared to similar data obtained in liver biopsies from 117 non-alcoholics with normal morphology or slight non-specific changes. No significant difference concerning TTHV and THV diameter was found between alcoholic and non-alcoholic patients. The results suggest that the initial liver fibrosis in alcoholics is slightly asymmetrical distributed in each acinar zone 3 area. With progression, the fibrosis tends to be more uniformly distributed and septa appear, eventually linking THV with portal tracts. Apparently, thickening of the THV walls does not occur in early alcoholic liver disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The vanishing twin: morphologic and cytogenetic evaluation of an ultrasonographic phenomenon.

Twin pregnancy was observed by ultrasonographic examination in the 6th week of gestation. After singleton term delivery a thickening of the membranes opposite to the main placenta showed degenerated chorionic villi embedded between one layer of amnion and chorion; no fetal parts were observed. Villus cells from both placentas were mainly diploid; 2 of 30 were tetraploid. However, 19 of 30 cells from membranes overlying the satellite placenta were tetraploid. Marker analysis was consistent with duplication of a normal conception diploid chromosome complement as the mechanism for tetraploidy. Postconceptional nondisjunction leading to tetraploidy in one twin conceptus may explain demise in early pregnancy. Tetraploidy observed by chorionic villus biopsy must be confirmed by amniocentesis before interruption of the pregnancy is considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Dissemination of Pneumocystis carinii in patients with AIDS.

Extrapulmonary Pneumocystis carinii infections in AIDS are still rare although the number of cases is increasing. We present 2 cases of extrapulmonary pneumocystosis detected at our institution during an 8-month period. The first was a patient treated for P. carinii pneumonia (PCP) disseminated to liver, spleen and kidneys. The second patient had widely dissemination of P. carinii diagnosed at autopsy. Both patients had received aerosolised pentamidine (AP) for PCP prophylaxis. Totally we have treated patients with AP prophylaxis for 122 patient years and found a frequency of extrapulmonary spread of 1.6% compared to none in the 116 patient years on sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

The spectrum of alcohol induced liver disease. Histological features.

Alcohol may induce a variety of changes in the liver. None of the features are diagnostic, but some are relatively specific. Usually the simultaneous occurrence of one or more non-specific lesions in combination with other more specific changes leads to the correct diagnosis of alcoholic liver disease.

Fatty Liver, Alcoholic↗
PubMed1990

Magnesium supplement in pregnancy-induced hypertension. A clinicopathological study.

The placenta and the umbilical cord obtained from 18 women with pregnancy-induced hypertension were investigated by light microscopy. The umbilical artery was studied by electron microscopy. 10 placentae and umbilical cords from normal pregnancies served as controls. The study was performed as a double-blind randomized controlled study in which 11 women were allocated to magnesium and 7 to placebo treatment. The treatment comprised a 48-hour intravenous magnesium/placebo infusion followed by daily oral magnesium/placebo intake until one day after delivery. Magnesium supplement increased birth weight and placental weight significantly. Light microscopic study of the placentae and the umbilical cord arteries showed no difference between the three groups concerning the occurrence of infarctions, cytotrophoblastic hyperplasia, vasculo-syncytial membranes, basement membrane thickening, stromal fibrosis or intervillous fibrin. Ultrastructurally, the endothelial cells of the umbilical arteries from women with pregnancy-induced hypertension showed a significant increase in the amount of dilated endoplasmic reticulum and basal laminae thickness when all 18 cases were compared with the controls. There was no significant difference when the magnesium group, the placebo group and the control group were compared separately. The present study suggests that magnesium supplement has a beneficial effect on fetal growth in pregnancy-induced hypertension. With regard to the light and electron microscopic changes we were unable to demonstrate any significant difference between the magnesium, placebo and control groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Tubuloreticular inclusions in skin biopsies from patients with HIV infection.

Skin biopsies obtained from apparently normal skin from 15 HIV infected patients and 6 anti-HIV negative patients were examined by electron microscopy. Tubuloreticular inclusions (TRI) were detected within the cytoplasm of capillary endothelial cells in 5/5 AIDS patients and in 2/5 patients with AIDS related conditions. Biopsies from 5 asymptomatic HIV positive patients and the 6 control subjects were without ultrastructural alterations. The occurrence of TRI was related to low numbers of CD 4+ lymphocytes. 5/7 patients with TRI had elevated serum interferon activity, and in all of the patients without TRI, interferon activity was below detection level. The occurrence of TRI was not dependent on the presence of free p24 antigen in serum. It is concluded that the occurrence of TRI in entothelial cells of skin capillaries is associated with late stages of HIV infection and this may indicate a generalization of this change.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

Fibronectin as predictor of cirrhosis in men who abuse alcohol.

In a study of 142 male alcohol abusers without evidence of cirrhosis the presence of intralobular fibronectin in the liver was investigated in relation to the subsequent development of the disease. All 142 initial biopsy samples showed preserved architecture. During a follow up period of 10-13 years 23 patients (16%) developed cirrhosis. Twelve of 110 patients with normal or slightly increased amounts of parenchymal fibronectin in the initial biopsy specimen developed cirrhosis, whereas eight out of 27 patients with moderately increased amounts and three out of five with significantly increased amounts later developed the disease (p less than 0.005). Semiquantitative assessment of the amount of parenchymal fibronectin at an early stage of alcoholic liver disease is of definite predictive value for the development of cirrhosis.

Alcoholism↗