Biomedical subjects
J Johnson
Publications and source records attributed to J Johnson.
The use of sentinel birds to monitor coccidial infection in litter pens.
Two-week-old chickens susceptible to coccidiosis were introduced into litter pens for periods up to 48 hr in order to estimate the potential coccidial challenge. They were then transferred to cages and the infections acquired were estimated by oocyst output or by body weight gain and lesion scores. Moderate to severe infection occurred even when about 1,000 oocysts/gram were present in the litter. The results suggest that the brief introduction of "sentinel" birds into an infected environment may be a valuable method of assessing the actual coccidial challenge which groups of chickens acquire from exposure to litter. The technique may be used to monitor the effectiveness of anticoccidial drugs or the immune status of chickens kept in litter pens by comparing infections in "sentinels" and "in-pen" birds.
Restoration of body image and self-esteem for women after cancer treatment: a rehabilitative strategy.
Cancer treatment has the potential for limited or permanent impact on body image and self-esteem. Physical changes that impose cosmetic and appearance challenges can be psychologically immobilizing for women with cancer. Their ability to function within social roles may also be affected. This paper describes a restorative strategy as part of a comprehensive cancer rehabilitation program. Women who have had cancer are invited to an informal event that combines fashion modeling with practical suggestions for adaptive and cosmetic needs. Fashion and beauty products are displayed and informational materials provided. It incorporates components of Look Good ... Feel Better, a joint program of the American Cancer Society, the National Cosmetology Association and the Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association Foundation. Evaluations show this program to be helpful and enjoyable for attendees. Health professionals can utilize this strategy in a variety of settings as a component of a cancer rehabilitation program.
A protein inhibitor, extracted from Hela cells, which recognises a cell surface protease on preneoplastic cells obtained from cervical smears.
Hela cells originate from a clone of cervical carcinoma cells. The cytoplasm of Hela cells contains a protein which recognises and inhibits a proteolytic enzyme (guanidino-benzoatase) on the surface of Hela cells. This same protease is present on the surface of abnormal epithelial cells obtained from cervical smears, enabling a rhodamine labelled inhibitor extracted from Hela cells to locate abnormal cervical cells in monolayer spreads.
The application of double fluorescence to the rapid selection of atypical cervical epithelial cells spread in monolayers.
Monolayer spreads of cervical cells were prepared and reacted in sequence with two fluorescent probes. The nuclei were reacted with 4,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), resulting in white fluorescence of all cell nuclei. Those cells possessing active guanidinobenzoatase (GB) bound the second probe, rhodamine-alpha-N-agmatine (Rh-Agm), resulting in orange cell surface fluorescence. Atypical epithelial cells possessed both active GB and enlarged nuclei; such cells could easily be recognised by their cytological appearance. We illustrate our results in the form of colour prints which are representative of our observations of cells in both normal and abnormal cervical spreads.
Selective reinnervation of paralyzed facial muscles: a progress report.
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Reengineering the corporate culture of hospitals.
As we move closer to the turn of the century, the American health care system continues to provide management experts with a wealth of case studies describing the winners and losers in today's business environment. Winners in this cost-conscious era of institutional reengineering, said Senge in his best-selling book The Fifth Discipline (1990), are those organizations that bind together around a common identity, a sense of destiny, and a shared commitment to reconciling the existing threats to their survival. Senge suggests that the organizations that are able to tap people's commitment and capacity to learn at all levels of the structure will overcome the type of maladaptation to business threats so commonly seen in corporate failures today.
Evaluation of an acute pain service.
During the last two decades, knowledge has increased significantly regarding the treatment of acute pain. One of these advances has been the implementation of multidisciplinary Acute Pain Services in the hospital setting to take on accountability for acute pain management. Acute Pain Services are expanding rapidly in the Canadian health care system. Nurse administrators will be increasingly called upon to help with the establishment and evaluation of these programs. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of, and staff satisfaction with, one Canadian Acute Pain Service. Results of the study indicated that staff were generally satisfied with the Acute Pain Service and felt that the program had made a significant impact on the treatment of acute pain within the hospital; although improvements in pain outcomes were not noted. Adequate communication mechanisms and resources to allow for appropriate workload, education and clinical support are critical to the development and success of an Acute Pain Service.
The Africentric Transtheoretical model in a school-based pregnancy prevention program.
This article describes the use of a socio-culturally specific framework for a pregnancy prevention program for low income 10 to 12 year old African American middle school girls. The framework expands earlier (Johnson, 1995) conceptualizations by combining African and African American frames of reference with behavior change processes to influence sexual decision-making among young adolescents.
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of atenolol during and after pregnancy.
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate changes due to pregnancy on atenolol's pharmacokinetics, response of maternal heart rate to atenolol, and the drug's effect on fetal heart rate. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Large university teaching hospital. PATIENTS: Fourteen pregnant women who were receiving oral atenolol for cardiac disease were enrolled and 10 completed the study. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were studied for 12 hours during the third trimester (TT) and again 6 weeks postpartum (PP). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Fetal heart rates, and maternal heart rates at rest and during exercise were recorded. Maternal plasma and urine atenolol concentrations were measured. Average resting heart rates (TT 68+/-10, PP 62+/-9 beats/min) and maximum heart rate during exercise (TT 100+/-6, PP 87+/-7 beats/min) were significantly higher in the third trimester than postpartum (p<0.05). The 12-hour atenolol area under the curve (TT 0.208+/-0.061, PP 0.215+/-0.089 ng/ml/day) and maximum plasma concentrations during the time of exercise tests (TT 1.07+/-0.39, PP 1.14+/-0.53 mmol/L) were not significantly different. Individual and population pharmacokinetics did not differ significantly between study periods. The fetal heart rate did not correlate with maternal atenolol concentration. CONCLUSION: Constant dosages of atenolol result in higher heart rates during pregnancy compared with the postpartum period. This lack of heart rate control is not due to significant changes in atenolol's pharmacokinetics or plasma concentrations.
Beating the odds in liver disease.
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