Between 3 and 6 of 12 colorectal neoplasms larger than 1 cm in diameter were overlooked by each of 4 radiologists in 117 individuals investigated with double-contrast enema (DCE) after a positive guaiac test. Even when the individual results of 2, 3, or 4 experienced radiologists were combined, 2 small carcinomas were overlooked due to perception errors. One of these carcinomas was diagnosed by rectosigmoidoscopy, which is an important and necessary complement to DCE. Although small carcinomas may be missed even with this combination, meticulous exploitation of the 2 methods is absolutely necessary to minimize the risk of missing a colorectal neoplasm. A drawback when 2 or more radiologists read the radiographs is the increased number of false-positive findings.

Adenoma↗

PubMed1987

Long-term effects of percutaneous estrogens and oral progesterone on serum lipoproteins in postmenopausal women.

Serum lipids and lipoproteins were examined in a group of 45 healthy postmenopausal women who were treated for 2 years with either 3 mg of percutaneous estradiol (n = 20) or placebo (n = 25). Percutaneous estradiol was given alone during the first year of treatment and in combination with oral micronized progesterone (200 mg) for 12 days of each cycle during the second year. The women were examined every 3 months throughout the 2 years. Percutaneous estrogen therapy significantly reduced total serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, whereas no significant differences were observed in serum triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Addition of oral progesterone during the second year of treatment did not produce any significant alterations in serum total cholesterol or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, both of which remained significantly reduced. Serum triglycerides remained virtually unchanged, whereas a slight but significant increase (p less than 0.05) was observed in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels at the end of the study period. We conclude that percutaneous estrogen administration produces changes in total serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels similar to those observed after oral estrogen administration. However, the magnitude and time course of the response seem to be modulated by the route of administration. Addition of oral micronized progesterone does not influence the beneficial estrogenic actions on serum lipids and lipoproteins and seems to be a proper "progestogen" in percutaneous estrogen therapy.

Administration, Cutaneous↗

PubMed1987

Substance P-like immunoreactivity and the effects of tachykinins in the intestine of the Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua.

The substance P (SP)-like peptides present in the intestine of the cod, Gadus morhua, were studied by immunochemical techniques. The amount of SP-like material in extracts of the intestine was quantified using radioimmunoassay (RIA). Immunohistochemistry indicated that the SP-like material detected in nerve fibres and endocrine cells of the intestine is more closely related to SP than to the other tachykinins used in the study. The excitatory response of SP on the vascularly perfused cod intestine was reduced or abolished by treatment with atropine, methysergide or tetrodotoxin. The results indicate that SP acts partly via cholinergic and serotonergic neurons and partly directly on the smooth muscle cells of the intestine. The effect of SP was compared to the effects of 5 other tachykinins. No great difference was found between the potencies of the tachykinins, suggesting that the receptors present are most similar to the SP-P type of receptor.

Animals↗

PubMed1987

Climacteric symptoms after oral and percutaneous hormone replacement therapy.

One hundred and ten (110) healthy early post-menopausal women with mild subjective vasomotor symptoms (mean Kupperman index score 11) participated in a long-term, double-blind, placebo-controlled therapeutic trial. The effects of 2 hormone regimens were evaluated. Group I received percutaneous oestrogen therapy for 2 yr, opposed by oral micronized progesterone (200 mg) during the second year, while Group II received oral 17 beta-oestradiol valerate together with cyproterone acetate (CPA). The serum oestrogen concentrations differed markedly in the 2 treatment groups. In Group I the serum/oestrone/oestradiol ratio was 1 (comparable to the pre-menopausal value), but in group II the ratio was greater than 5. Despite the difference in the serum oestradiol and oestrone concentrations, the mean symptom scores were rapidly and similarly reduced in both treatment groups (P less than 0.001). They remained low throughout the study and were not significantly different from pre-menopausal values.

Administration, Cutaneous↗

PubMed1987

Dose-response effects on serum lipids and lipoproteins following combined oestrogen-progestogen therapy in post-menopausal women.

The dose-response effects on serum lipids and lipoproteins were studied in 87 healthy post-menopausal women treated for 1 yr with three different doses of sequential oestrogen/progestogen (4 mg, 2 mg and 1 mg 17 beta-oestradiol cyclically combined with 1 mg norethisterone acetate) or placebo. Total serum cholesterol levels were significantly reduced by 4-10% (P less than 0.05-P less than 0.001) in a dose-related way in the hormone groups. This was mainly caused by a similar reduction in low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, whereas the changes in high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were not significantly different from those observed in the placebo group. It is concluded that treatment with sequentially combined oestrogen and progestogen, using norethisterone acetate in combination with 17 beta-oestradiol in clinically relevant doses, does not produce any adverse effects on serum lipids or lipoproteins.

Cholesterol, HDL↗

PubMed1987

Vaginal immunization against induced cystitis in monkeys.

Cynomolgus monkeys received either vaginal immunization with formalin-killed E. coli or vaginal instillation of excipient without the bacteria. At 2, 7, 14 and 21 days after induction of a urinary tract infection with live E. coli, immunized monkeys showed enhanced clearance of bacteriuria compared to non-immunized controls. Immunized monkeys also showed increased levels of urinary anti-E. coli IgA and IgG after the immunizing and infecting procedures. Induction of heightened local immunity by vaginal immunization may lessen host susceptibility to urinary tract infections.

Administration, Intravaginal↗

PubMed1987

Spatial learning in the rat: impairment induced by the thiol-proteinase inhibitor, leupeptin, and an analysis of [3H]glutamate receptor binding in relation to learning.

Rats were given continuous intraventricular infusion of saline or the thiol-proteinase inhibitor leupeptin, via subcutaneously implanted osmotic minipumps, while being trained on a spatial learning water task using spaced trials. Leupeptin caused overnight forgetting during training, but performance eventually reached asymptote in both groups. A retention test conducted 48 h later to assess spatial memory revealed no significant group differences, but did cause, in saline-treated rats only, a disruption of subsequent retraining back to the correct spatial location. The groups showed no differences in Cl-dependent [3H]glutamate receptor binding to hippocampal or entorhinal cortex membranes subsequent to training. In a second experiment, normal rats trained on the same task also showed no differences in Cl-dependent [3H]glutamate binding relative to rats exposed to the water task but given random spatial position training and handled controls. The results are discussed in relation to the hypothesis of Lynch and Baudry (Science (1984) 224, 1057-1063) that a calcium-dependent thiol proteinase is involved in memory formation through its ability to modify glutamate receptor distribution and dendritic spine shape.

Animals↗

PubMed1987

A randomized double-blind study of inosiplex (isoprinosine) therapy in patients with alopecia totalis.

Twenty-five of 34 patients with alopecia totalis of at least 1 year's duration and associated defects in cell-mediated immunity completed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial of the therapeutic effect of inosiplex, a synthetic immunomodulator. Each patient received 20 weeks of treatment with inosiplex and 20 weeks with placebo in randomized order. Eleven patients were identified clinically as responders to inosiplex in terms of hair regrowth. Scalp biopsy results correlated well with drug therapy. Enhanced immune function was found in the majority of responding patients; however, statistical analysis of the results of the entire patient population revealed limited significant differences. No patient experienced adverse side effects attributable to therapy. These results show that inosiplex is a safe and effective therapy for certain patients with alopecia totalis.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Cyproterone acetate, an alternative gestagen in postmenopausal oestrogen/gestagen therapy.

Seventy-six healthy, early postmenopausal women (aged 45-54 years) were allocated to 2 years of treatment with a cyclic combination of 2 mg oestradiol valerate (21 d) and 1 mg cyproterone acetate (11 d) or placebo. Sixty-five women (86%) completed the study. In the placebo group the bone mineral content in the forearms (measured by single photon absorptiometry) and the bone mineral content in the lumbar spine and total skeleton (measured by dual photon absorptiometry) decreased significantly and at the same magnitude (P less than 0.001), whereas all bone mass measurements remained unchanged in the hormone-treated group. In the hormone-treated group there was a significant decrease in biochemical estimates of bone turnover (serum alkaline phosphatase, serum phosphate, fasting urinary calcium and hydroxyproline), whereas these values were unchanged in the placebo treated group. We conclude that treatment with a cyclic combination of 2 mg oestradiol valerate and 1 mg cyproterone acetate is effective as prophylaxis of postmenopausal bone loss.

Calcium↗

PubMed1987

Continuous oestrogen-progestogen treatment and serum lipoproteins in postmenopausal women.

Serum lipids and lipoproteins were examined in 44 healthy postmenopausal women every 3 months during 1 year of treatment with either continuous oestrogen-norethisterone acetate or placebo. Total serum cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels were reduced by approximately 15% and 20% (P less than 0.001), respectively in the hormone group but were unchanged in the placebo group. Serum triglycerides levels remained constant in both groups. HDL-cholesterol levels were significantly reduced by approximately 10% in the hormone group but significant reductions of 5-10% also occurred in the placebo group so that differences between the two groups were only significant after 3 months of treatment. Vaginal bleedings were experienced during the first 3 months by eight of the 21 women receiving hormones, but in only one woman after 9 months of therapy. The addition of norethisterone acetate to postmenopausal oestrogen therapy in clinically relevant doses had no adverse effects on lipoproteins as previously reported, even though administered continuously. Moreover, the low frequency of bleeding with continuous oestrogen-progestogen therapy would make this an appropriate alternative in postmenopausal replacement therapy.

Cholesterol, HDL↗

PubMed1987

Cyproterone acetate, an alternative progestogen in postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy? Effects on serum lipids and lipoproteins.

Serum lipids and lipoproteins were studied in 76 healthy postmenopausal women treated for 1 year with either oestradiol valerate sequentially combined with the anti-androgenic progestogen cyproterone acetate (CPA) or placebo. The women were examined every 3 months between days 18 and 21 of the tablet cycle, where the progestogen had been added to the oestrogen for at least 6 days. Combined oestrogen-CPA therapy resulted in significantly reduced levels of total serum cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol at all examinations, but serum triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol levels were similar in the two groups. Total serum cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were reduced by approximately 5% (P less than 0.01) and 8% (P less than 0.01), respectively, after 1 year of combined oestrogen-CPA therapy in comparison with both the initial values and the placebo group but serum triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol levels were unchanged in both groups.

Androgen Antagonists↗

PubMed1987

Drainage of the upper urinary tract as recorded with renography in patients with a continent urostomy (Kock pouch). An experimental study with various degrees of reservoir filling.

The drainage from the upper urinary tract was studied by the use of renography in thirteen patients with well functioning continent ileal reservoirs for urinary diversion (Kock-pouch). Renography was performed with empty reservoir and with submaximal or maximal filling of the reservoir. The reservoir pressure was continuously recorded when renography was performed with a full reservoir. When the reservoir was empty renography showed normal drainage in all patients. When the reservoir was full the renography was normal in eight patients, these having a mean reservoir volume of 715 ml but showed a delay in five patients, these having a mean reservoir volume of 930 ml. When the renography was repeated in the latter group of patients with submaximal filling (mean reservoir volume 544 ml) there was no delay of the drainage phases on the renograms. In these five patients the considerable "over-filling" of the reservoir had resulted in volumes greatly exceeding the previously recorded maximal reservoir capacity and also in pressures exceeding considerably those usually recorded in ileal reservoirs. These results show that the pressure in the bladder substitute is of great significance for the drainage from the upper urinary tract and that the low pressure ileal reservoir under ordinary circumstances does not obstruct the flow from the upper urinary tract.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Work study in a doll's house: C. W. Post EMS. Interview by Carl J. Post.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Emergency Medical Services↗

PubMed1987

[Seating of removable dental prosthesis with post and core construction in endodontically treated teeth].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Aged↗