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Biomedical subjects

J Jedlicka

Publications and source records attributed to J Jedlicka.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Effect of magnetic fields on embryonic mortality].

The effects of magnetic field of the intensity 0.07 T on embryonic mortality of chicken were studied. Embryonic mortality in eggs exposed to the magnetic field during their incubation was higher (14.28 +/- 3.14%; 18.57 +/- 4.03% resp. 18.95 +/- 3.77%). In comparison with the control group (1.57 +/- 0.97%) all results were significantly different (p < 0.001). The negative effect of the magnetic field manifested also by the lower weight of the hatched chickens (33.58 +/- 2.07 g; 33.09 +/- 3.73 g resp. 31.17 +/- 4.21 g) when compared with the control group (40.80 +/- 5.12 g) (p < 0.05).

Animals↗
PubMed2001

High prevalence of HIV risk-behavior and the identification of predictors for sharing injecting materials among young drug users in Prague, Czech Republic.

This study is one of the first studies in the Czech Republic evaluating the extent of the HIV epidemic among drug users. Interview data on demographics, drug use, sexual practices, and HIV knowledge and risk perception were obtained from study participants and a saliva sample was obtained for an HIV antibody test. Although the HIV infection rate is low (0.2%), the prevalence of high risk behaviors, such as sharing injecting equipment and unsafe sexual practices, indicate a potential for rapid HIV spread in this high risk population. Preventive measures need to be targeted toward drug users, especially those of younger age and women.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMed2000

[Malignant polyps of the colon and rectum].

It is important for the general surgeon to have a clear idea of what is a malignant polyp and factors determining its clinical management. A malignant polyp is either sessile or pedunculated and harbors an invasive carcinoma which means that malignant cells have penetrated into or through the muscularis mucosae. Carcinoma in situ, intramucosal carcinoma, superficial carcinoma, carcinoma within the the mucosa or lamina propria are terms commonly used that must be distinguished from true invasive malignancy. These polyps should be treated by complete polypectomy and followed up as in a benign polyp. A polyp with invasive carcinoma requires careful evaluation to make a decision if simple polypectomy is sufficient treatment or whether surgical treatment is indicated. This decision is based on the risk factors such as a residual/recurrent tumour and the risk of lymph node metastases. We present a current review of the literature on the subject.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1998

HIV infection and high risk behavior among patients attending an STD referral clinic in Prague, Czech Republic.

OBJECTIVE: This survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of HIV infection and associated risk behaviour in a high risk population of clients attending an STD clinic in Prague, Czech Republic. METHODS: Between September 1994 and January 1995, clients entering the Apolinar STD clinic in Prague, Czech Republic, were enrolled in a blinded, unlinked HIV antibody seroprevalence study. Non-identifying demographic characteristics, STD diagnoses, HIV risk exposures, and voluntary HIV testing experience were extracted from medical charts. RESULTS: Of 1394 patients for whom serum was available for testing, one was positive for HIV (HIV prevalence 0.07%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.01, 0.41%). This person was one of 28 men having sex with men (MSWM) (HIV prevalence among MSWM 3.6%, 95% CI 0.6, 17.7%). Among the 775 male clients, 75.5% had heterosexual unprotected sex, 11.1% had sex with high risk partners or prostitutes, 3.6% were MSWM, 1.0% were injecting drug users (IDUs), 0.7% were both MSWM and IDUs, and 6.8% and 1.8% had other or no recognized risk for HIV/STDs, respectively. Among the 619 female clients, 74.5% had heterosexual unprotected sex, 11.6% were prostitutes, 7.8% had sex with high risk partners, 1.1% were IDUs, and 3.9% and 2.3% had other or no recognised risk, respectively. The 304 adolescent patients (age 11-19 years) differed significantly (p < 0.05) in risk behaviour and STD diagnoses from the 1090 patients who were 20 years and older. Adolescents were significantly more likely to be female (58.6% v 40.5%, OR = 2.1), IDUs (3.6% v 0.4%, OR = 10.2), prostitutes (8.9% v 4.7%, OR = 2.0), and have sex partners with STDs (7.6% v 4.4%, OR = 1.8). The adolescent patients were also significantly more likely to be diagnosed with gonorrhoea (21.1% v 12.3%, OR = 1.9) and non-gonococcal urethritis (27.6% v 17.2%, OR = 1.8), and significantly less likely to have been tested previously for HIV (19.1% v 31.9%, OR = 0.5). CONCLUSIONS: HIV infection is currently uncommon in this population. However, the high rates of unprotected sex, prostitution, injecting drug use, and STDs, especially among adolescents, provide the basis for an epidemic in this population. Aggressive prevention education should be started before adolescence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Renal resistance to atrial natriuretic factor as a cause of the escape failure phenomenon in patients with non-ascitic liver cirrhosis].

BACKGROUND: Chronic administration of synthetic mineralocorticoids leads in healthy subjects only to temporary fluid retention with subsequent restoration of sodium balance, i.e. the so-called mineralocorticoid escape phenomenon. There is a failure of mineralocorticoid escape in patients with ascitic liver cirrhosis with progressive fluid retention. The aim of this study was to contribute to the elucidation of the mechanisms of the escape phenomenon in patients with preascitic liver cirrhosis. METHODS AND RESULTS: Synthetic mineralocorticoid, fludrocortisone, was administered for 7 days to 8 patients with non-ascitic liver cirrhosis (LC) and 6 controls (CO) on a high sodium diet. CI seemed to have some central volume expansion before fludrocortisone administration, as assessed from a higher left atrial diameter and lower plasma aldosterone. Fludrocortisone administration in CI led to a comparable increase of ANF and suppression of plasma aldosterone as in CO with a higher diameter of the left atrium and lower PRA than in controls. Despite a comparable increase of ANF after fludrocortisone administration cGMP excretion was significantly higher in CO than in CI (434.5 + 247.1 vs. 824.6 + 317.3 pmol/min, p < 0.05). Natriuresis of CI seemed to depend on urinary cGMP excretion before fludrocortisone administration. The natriuretic response of these CI to a high sodium diet was exaggerated (290.0 + 53.9 vs. 160.0 + 18.3, p < 0.05), but they were unable to escape completely from the retaining effect of fludrocortisone. CONCLUSIONS: Failure of mineralocorticoid escape in patients with preascitic liver cirrhosis may be due to the renal resistance to ANF with insufficient increase of urinary cGMP excretion.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Characteristic features of HIV/AIDS in the Czech Republic.

First laboratory proved HIV infections in the Czech Republic were diagnosed in a homosexual couple in autumn of 1985. Total number of detected HIV+ cases reached 143 persons by the end of 1992 (132 men and 11 women), of that 31 cases were classified as fully blown AIDS (21 already died). Out of these 143 HIV+ cases, 93 (65.0%) are represented by homo/bisexuals, 10 (7.0%) by heterosexuals, 16 (11.2%) by haemophiliacs, 14 (9.8%) by blood recipients, 1 (0.7%) by IVDU and 9 (6.3%) by unknown transmission category. Approx. 2.1 mil. of tests have been done as routine screening of donated blood. Only 5 cases (0.0002%) of HIV positivity have been found in this group. All HIV positive blood recipients (30 cases) were infected before the mandatory HIV testing of blood supply has been introduced in 1987 (14 out of 16 HIV+ haemophiliacs were infected by imported clotting products). The twins born in 1990 to mother infected by contaminated blood in 1984, were declared at the age of 30 months as HIV free, with all laboratory tests (serology, virus cultivation, PCR) negative. The cummulative infection rate of HIV antibody in 1986-1992 reached 13.8 per million inhabitants. It may be concluded that slow steady increase in the number of reported HIV/AIDS cases has been registered during the whole follow-up period. The authors are aware that relatively low prevalence of HIV infection in the Czech Republic may change dramatically in consequences of recent deep social, political and economical changes in the country.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

[The effect of diltiazem on hemodynamic parameters in patients with liver cirrhosis].

Previous investigations of authors abroad provided evidence of a reduction of portal pressure by blockers of slow calcium channels group II by verapamil. We decided to investigate the effect of a quite new preparation dilthiazem on the portal haemodynamics in patients with compensated cirrhosis of the liver and oesophageal varices. Doppler examinations of the width, rate of blood flow and flow through the trunk of the portal vein did not prove a statistically significant effect of dilthiazem on the investigated parameters. After the preparation a significant decline of the median pressure in the pulmonary artery was recorded at the 5% level of significance. The significantly elevated pressure values in the wedged position in the hepatic vein (WHVP) as well as of the portohepatic gradient (P-H) rose further after administration of the preparation (WHVP by 12.3%, p P-H by 15%). Even maximum doses of dilthiazem did not influence the portal flow in patients and did not lead to a reduction of the portohepatic gradient. From the results it is apparent that dilthiazem is not suitable for the treatment of portal hypertension.

Diltiazem↗
PubMed1991

[The effect of glucagon on portal hemodynamics in patients with liver cirrhosis].

The authors assessed in 12 patients with compensated cirrhosis of the liver, portal hypertension and oesophageal varices, using a Doppler flowmeter Toshiba SAL 50A/SDL 01 under basal conditions, changes in the width, rate of blood flow and blood flow though the trunk of the portal vein before and after intravenous administration of 1 mg glucagon. The width of the trunk of the portal vein did not change significantly during assessment. A statistically significantly increased flow through the portal vein was recorded starting during the 5th minute, and it correlated with the increased velocity of the blood flow. The increased flow persisted to the 20th minute after glucagon administration. The drop of pressure in a wedged position assessed in the hepatic veins after administration of the drug was not significant, the pressure in the free hepatic vein increased insignificantly. On the whole the portohepatic gradient declined by 10.5%, the drop was not significant. Glucagon in pharmacological doses has an early onset of action even in cirrhotic subjects whereby the increased flow through the portal vein does not lead to a rise of the portohepatic gradient. Glucagon administration thus does not increase the risk of haemorrhage from oesophageal varices during acute fibroscopy of the oesophagus and stomach in patients with portal hypertension.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1991

[Endoscopic sclerotization of esophageal varices and nitrates in the treatment of portal hypertension with bleeding esophageal varices].

The authors investigated changes of some haemodynamic parameters after sclerotization of oesophageal varices and after administration of isosorbide dinitrate in the preparation Iso Mack retard. Twenty patients with cirrhosis of the liver with oesophageal varices grade 3-4 were treated by endoscopic sclerotization only, while to a second comparable group of cirrhotic patients from the first stage of sclerotization oral Iso Mack retard was administered in daily doses of 80-120 mg, depending on tolerance. The haemodynamic parameters were investigated before the onset of treatment and again after completed sclerotherapy or at least three-month treatment with ISDN. After sclerotization of oesophageal varices the pressure in the portal circulation rises significantly as well as the flow through the portal vein due above all to an accelerated blood flow. On the other hand, ISDN prevents a rise of portal hypertension and leads even to a slight decline which is, however, not associated with a decline of the portal flow. A relative disadvantage is the adverse effect on systemic haemodynamics after large nitrate doses. The decline of the portal pressure caused by the vasodilatating effect of ISDN in the splanchnic and portal area is manifested in a very positive way by reduction of relapses of haemorrhage from oesophageal varices. ISDN may play a positive role in the treatment of portal hypertension with oesophageal varices, during acute haemorrhage as well as in the prevention of relapses of haemorrhage. A particularly favourable procedure is the combination with sclerotherapy of oesophageal varices. None of the procedures leads to reduction of the portal flow and preserves hepatic function.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1991

[Hypertension in patients with polycystic kidneys--the effect of volume expansion].

Arterial hypertension is found in as many as 75% patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidneys with normal renal function, its pathogenesis is however not quite clear so far. The authors examined 16 patients with polycystic kidneys with normal or only slightly reduced renal function (plasma creatinine lower than 140 umol/l), 8 of these patients were normotonic (N) and 8 hypertonic (H). In all examined subjects right-sided cardiac catheterization was performed with assessment of the minute cardiac volume by thermodilution. To all patients in the course of one hour 1500 ml saline per 70 kg body weight were administered and the haemodynamic examinations were repeated after termination of the infusion. In all subjects before and after expansion the plasma renin activity was assessed (PRA), as well as plasma aldosterone (PA), plasma catecholamines (PC) and the atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), the renal blood flow and glomerular filtration by means of clearance and extraction of PAH and inulin clearance. The authors did not find differences in plasma concentrations, cardiac output and splanchnic and renal ANF extraction in groups N and H, nor in PRA, PA and PC. Volume expansion led in both groups to a comparable rise of ANF and suppression of PRA and PA. Group H did not differ from group N in any of the investigated haemodynamic and renal parameters except for systemic vascular resistance. In hypertensive patients before expansion a close correlation was found between pressure in the pulmonary artery in a wedged position and diuresis (r = 0.935, p less than 0.01) and natriuresis (r = 0.895, p less than 0.01). The volume expansion was in both groups associated with a comparable rise of diuresis, the haemodynamic response of patients N and H was however quite different. While in patients of group N a decline of the systemic vascular resistance occurred as well as an increase of the minute volume without a change of the renal flow and glomerular filtration, in hypertonic patients the systemic vascular resistance and minute volume did not change but there was a significant rise of the renal flow and glomerular filtration. The relationship of diuresis and natriuresis of hypertensive patients with polycystic kidneys to volume parameters and the rise of the renal perfusion pressure during volume expansion indicates the importance of pressure natriuresis for ensuring the sodium and volume homeostasis in these patients.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

[The effect of dopamine on hemodynamic and hormonal parameters in liver cirrhosis].

To 11 patients with liver cirrhosis (5 with ascites) and 6 controls a one-hour dopamine infusion, 1.5 micrograms/kg/min., was administered. In all before administration of the infusion catheterization of the hepatic veins and lesser circulation was performed with concurrent assessment of the cardiac minute volume by thermodilution, and haemodynamic measurements were repeated also after the dopamine infusion. Before the dopamine administration and after termination of the infusion the plasma renin activity was assessed (PRA), plasma aldosterone, the atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), prolactin and in some patients also plasma catecholamines. Dopamine administration was not associated with an increase of the cardiac output, heart rate or peripheral resistance; the infusion had only purely dopaminergic effects. Plasma prolactin declined after dopamine administration significantly in controls (from 29.17 +/- 7.01 to 11.83 +/- 3.22, p less than 0.05, in patients with liver cirrhosis without ascites) from 18.16 +/- 2.44 to 8.64 +/- 2.01, p less than 0.01) in patients with ascites liver cirrhosis (from 23.5 +/- 9.3 to 15.2 +/- 7.47, p less than 0.05). In the controls after the dopamine infusion PRA suppression occurred (from 2.37 +/- 0.81 to 0.9 +/- 0.27, p less than 0.05), while in patients with compensated liver cirrhosis (from 0.97 +/- 0.41 to 0.85 +/- 0.34, n.s.) and in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis the PRA did not change significantly either (from 4.56 +/- 1.67 to 5.065 +/- 2.29, n. s.). After the dopamine infusion in none of the investigated patient groups changes of plasma aldosterone and ANF were recorded.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aldosterone↗
PubMed1990

[Atrial natriuretic factor in liver cirrhosis. Relation to hemodynamic parameters].

In 12 patients with cirrhosis of the liver (six with ascites) and six controls the authors made catheterizations of the hepatic veins and portal circulation, assessing concurrently the in cardiac output by thermodilution. The patients with ascitic cirrhosis had, as compared with controls, a significantly higher portohepatic gradient, central venous pressure, mean pressure in the pulmonary artery and also pulmonary capillary wedged pressure and a significantly lower mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance. These patients had also, as compared with controls, a significantly higher concentration of ANF (atrial natriuretic factor) in the pulmonary artery (15.89 +/- 2.26 vs. 8.04 +/- 0.97, p less than 0.01) and in the hepatic vein (7.44 +/- 0.44 vs. 3.91 +/- 0.63, p less than 0.01); the difference between ANF concentrations in the peripheral blood stream was not significant (9.52 +/- 2.46 vs. 5.71 +/- 1.24 n. s.). Patients with ascitic cirrhosis of the liver had a significantly higher calculated cardiac production of ANF than controls (24.36 +/- 3.44 vs. 8.12 +/- 2.9, p less than 0.01); the difference in the splanchnic extraction of ANF between patients with ascitic cirrhosis of the liver (0.46 +/- 0.1) and controls (0.51 +/- 0.06) was not significant. The ANF concentration in the pulmonary artery in patients with cirrhosis of the liver correlated significantly with the central venous pressure (r = 0.677, p = 0.02) and the pressure in the pulmonary artery in a wedged position (r = 0.639, p = 0.03).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Atrial Natriuretic Factor↗
PubMed1990

[Intestinal parasitoses in Laos].

The authors give an account of the contemporary parasitological position in Laos, based on data from abroad, data provided by the Laos health services and results of the authors' parasitological examinations. Examination of clinical material (in Laos by Willis method and after fixation with SAF by examination of the sediment in the CSR) revealed a high immunity rate of the population with ascaridosis, ancylostomosis, trichuriosis and opisthorchosis and a relatively low prevalence of Protozoan infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Intestinal parasitoses in Czechoslovak citizens working abroad.

This paper presents results of coprologic examinations of Czechoslovak citizens in connection with their working sojourns in 50 tropical and subtropical countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America. Among 525 persons examined, pathologic findings in stool were registered in 74 persons (14.1%) during their stay abroad and after return home. The incidence of particular infections during the period under study was as follows: non-pathogenic protozoa were found in 8.2% of cases, Entamoeba histolytica in 3.8%, Giardia intestinalis in 2.1% and helminthiases in 2.1%. Percentage of persons with positive findings in dependance on area visited fluctuated from 6.8%. (East Asia) to 30.0% (West and Central Africa).

Adult↗