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Biomedical subjects

J Jacobs

Publications and source records attributed to J Jacobs.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Comparison of nephelometry and immunofluorescence for immunoglobulin quantitation in pathologic sera.

Nephelometers from Beckman, Hyland and Technicon, and the immunofluorescent system from International Diagnostic Technology were evaluated for IgG, IgM, and IgA quantitation in pathologic sera. Within-run, between-run, and between-day imprecision of each instrument varied for each immunoglobulin and for different levels of the same immunoglobulin. Thus, no instrument showed clearly superior precision. However, for elevated immunoglobulin levels, Technicon had poorer between-day precision than the other instruments (p less than 0.05). Comparison of monoclonal immunoglobulin quantitation with monoclonal protein quantitation by serum protein electrophoresis in 13 patients showed best correlation for the Beckman instrument (r = 0.942). Quantitation of IgG, IgM, and IgA in 50 specimens required approximately 330, 390, 480, and 480 min to complete with Hyland, International Diagnostic Technology, Beckman, and Technicon, respectively. Our evaluation suggests that the proportion of abnormal specimens in the workload and the availability of reagents for desired assays should be considered in determining the suitability of one of these instruments for a particular laboratory.

Dysgammaglobulinemia↗
PubMed1980

Is there a need for admission and discharge cognitive screening for the medically ill?

The Cognitive Capacity Screening Examination, developed to detect cognitive deficits as possible manifestations of diffuse organic mental syndromes, was administered on admission and at discharge to 106 patients on a medical ward of a general hospital (mean age, 56 years). Thirty-three percent of the patients showed diminished cognitive capacity at admission, of which 16% were undetected by the house staff. Restudy at discharge revealed that 28% of the sample continued to have diminished cognitive capacity. This study documents the incidence of cognitive deficits, highlights the need for early detection, and offers practical considerations for discharge procedures.

Cognition Disorders↗
PubMed1979

Attitudes of women and men physicians.

Attitudinal data obtained from interviewing random samples of women and men physicians in metropolitan Detroit indicated that women were generally more liberal and egalitarian than men. Older women were more liberal/egalitarian than older men while younger men were closer in attitudes to younger women. Within specialities, women and men physicians frequently held similar attitudinal scores; however, controlling for age, sex accounted for more variation than did specialty. A weighted combination of variables which together most significantly discriminated between age and sex subgroups pointed to a sensitivity dimension. This was stronger in the women; yet men demonstrating a similar sensitivity were found in almost every age and specialty grouping. Although younger men physicians are less conservative than older men physicians, both younger and older women physicians demonstrated strong liberalism/egalitarianism.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Social pediatric emergencies.

A social pediatric emergency invokes the concept of a crisis situation, which often reflects an acute temporary state, the culmination of problems of long duration. The needs demonstrated in child abuse, neglect and deprivation, sexual abuse, the handling of the crisis of birth, pregnancy and abnormality, death and dying, adoption and learning disabilities are related to the family psychodynamic relationships and the doctor team approach. The social pediatrician can play his role as the physician, advocate, activist and educationalist in the many complex situations revealed within family, community and society.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1978

Fragmentation and myelin formation in hereditary xerocytosis and other hemolytic anemias.

Erythrocytes from a heterogeneous group of hemolytic anemias have been found to release acetylcholinesterase-enriched fragments and show myelin forms during ATP depletion in vitro. The highest amount of fragmentation was found in hereditary spherocytosis and xerocytosis, two inherited membrane defects. Our data suggest ATP depletion plays a role in producing fragmentation or myelin forms. The addition of external CaCl2 1 mM had no effect on the degree of fragmentation. However, propranolol hydrochloride, a cationic anesthetic that does not prevent ATP depletion, inhibited fragmentation and the appearance of myelin forms in both hereditary spherocytes and xerocytes. A more detailed study of the xerocyte fragments showed that they had the same protein composition as those from normal red cells, primarily integral membrane proteins and glycoproteins. The red cells from patients with PNH and G6PD deficiency had the shortest survival in vivo (51Cr) and produced the smallest amount of fragmentation and myelin forms in vitro, whereas xerocytosis with only mild to moderate hemolysis in vivo was associated with the highest amount of myelin forms and membrane fragments in vitro.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1977

Comparison of the productivity of women and men physicians.

Data obtained from random samples of 87 women and 95 men physicians in the Detroit metropolitan area indicate that, at the time of surgery, 84% of the women and 96% of the men were engaged in medical work. Only 7% of the women were not working because of reasons related to the traditional female role. Fifty-nine percent of the women and 87% of the men had worked full-time since medical school graduation. Fifty-one percent of the women, compared to 39% of the men were in primary care specialties. Since medical graduation, women physicians spent 90% as much time in medical work as did the men, despite the fact that most of the women had full responsibility for homes and families.

Efficiency↗
PubMed1977

Bactericidal synergistic effect due to chloramphenicol-induced inhibition of staphyloccal penicillinase.

A synergistic bactericidal effect of chloramphenicol and penicillin-G was observed with 17 out of 20 beta-lactamase producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus. The synergism was due to chloramphenicol-induced inhibition of beta-lactamase production. With seven of the strains the synergistic effect was operative only with subinhibitory concentrations of chloramphenicol, while higher concentrations produced antagonism.

Chloramphenicol↗
PubMed1977

Comparison of live Newcastle disease vaccines in a simple vaccination and challenge experiment.

Groups of day-old chicks with haemagglutination inhibiting antibodies (HIA) were exposed by the spray method to equal doses of three different live Newcastle disease (ND) commercial vaccines and allantoic preparations of them. After three weeks the HIA response was measured and the chicks were challenged with a pathogenic strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The degree of protection of each bird was compared with its HIA response. The commercial vaccines all provided good protection at identical levels, but significant differences were detected between the allantoic fluid preparations. Two of the commercial vaccines produced significantly better protection than the allantoic fluid preparations. In addition to the protection conferred by HIA antibody, other mechanisms of protection apparently played a part.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1976

Productivity of women physicians.

Personal interview data obtained from 87 randomly selected women physicians in metropolitan Detroit indicates that productivity of women physicians has increased over that shown in previous studies. Eighty-four percent were engaged in medical work at the time of survey, 90% full-time. Only 7% were not working for reasons related to being a woman. Fifty-nine percent had worked continuously full-time since medical school graduation. Nearly half do not plan to retire from medical work. Fifty-eight percent are in private practice and 51% in primary care specialities; 54% are board certified. Direct patient care was listed as their main task by 86% of the women. Sixty-seven percent are married (43% to physicians). Although the 87 women physicians have responsibilities for households containing a total of nearly 300 people, almost one third of whom are children under 18 years old, their productivity is high.

Adult↗