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Biomedical subjects

J J Ryan

Publications and source records attributed to J J Ryan.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Relationship between WAIS-R and wide range achievement test in a sample of mixed patients.

Correlations between the WAIS-R Verbal, Performance, and Full Scale IQs, WAIS-R subtest scaled scores, and Wide Range Achievement Test Reading, Spelling, and Arithmetic standard scores were computed for a sample of 60 patients at a V.A. medical center who were referred for routine psychological evaluation. The Full Scale IQ and Verbal IQ yielded large correlations with the three achievement area standard scores (rs of .60 to .76). However, Performance IQs correlated moderately with reading and spelling scores (rs of .41 and .42), but a larger correlation obtained with arithmetic scores (r = .66). The results support the concurrent validity of the WAIS-R.

Achievement↗
PubMed1983

Interrelationships between and factor structures of the WAIS-R and WAIS in a neuropsychological battery.

We investigated whether the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) demonstrate similar patterns of relationship with the Halstead-Reitan Battery (HRB). Fifty VA Medical Center patients were administered the WAIS-R and HRB and 50 completed the WAIS and HRB. The groups were comparable in terms of demographic variables. Pearson correlations were computed between the subtest and IQ scores from the Wechsler Scale and scores from the HRB for each group. A comparison of the 140 correlations for the WAIS-R with those for the WAIS showed no significant differences, indicating that the WAIS-R and WAIS variables covary in a similar manner with the HRB scores. A factor analysis was performed for the two groups separately. Coefficients of congruence indicated a high degree of similarity between the two factor solutions. Clinicians may expect the same relationships to emerge between the Wechsler variables and the HRB regardless of which scale is administered.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Enhancement of the mixed lymphocyte reaction by in vivo treatment of stimulator spleen cells with anti-IgD antibody.

The injection of anti-IgD antibody into mice has been shown to increase the expression of Ia antigens on splenic B cells. These antigens are the most potent lymphocyte-activating determinants (LAD) that trigger proliferation in an H-2-defined mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and may play a role in the recognition of minor lymphocyte-stimulating (MIs) determinants. Therefore, we wished to investigate a possible correlation between apparent quantitative alterations in B cell Ia expression after anti-IgD activation with changes in the functional capacity to present allogeneic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and MIs antigens to responsive T cells. We observed that the capacity of splenocytes removed 24 hr after the in vivo injection of anti-IgD to stimulate T cell proliferation across an H-2 barrier was most frequently enhanced two- to fourfold when a suboptimal concentration of stimulator cells was used or an early time point in the MLR was examined. In contrast, the capacity of splenocytes to stimulate across an MIsa, d difference after exposure to heterologous or hybridoma anti-IgD antibody often was increased 10-fold or more. Optimal MLR stimulatory capacity was induced by injection of 100 to 200 micrograms of heterologous anti-IgD. Augmented MIs stimulatory capacity of spleen cells peaked 24 hr after such treatment and continued to decline from this value at day 3 and at day 7 after injection. In contrast, the H-2 stimulatory capacity increased 1 day after injection of anti-IgD and remained at that elevated level 3 and 7 days after injection. The spleen cells from B cell-defective (CBA/N x DBA/2)F1 male mice were unaffected in their capacity to stimulate across an MIsa barrier after in vivo anti-IgD treatment; however, spleen cells from phenotypically normal (DBA/2 x CBA/N)F1 male mice after exposure to anti-IgD did evidence a considerably enhanced ability to stimulate in an MIsa-defined MLR. Because anti-IgD antibodies presumably have their major initial effect on surface IgD-bearing B cells, these studies suggest that anti-immunoglobulin-activated B cells may have a role (direct or indirect via interaction with accessory cells) in the presentation of allogeneic MHC and MIs antigens to responsive T cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Clinical utility of a WAIS-R short form.

Investigated the validity of the Vocabulary-Block Design subtest combination as an estimate of the WAIS-R Full Scale IQ in a sample of 30 psychiatric patients. The correlation between the short form IQ and the WAIS-R Full Scale IQ was highly significant, r(28) = .87, p less than .001. A pairwise t-test computed between the mean IQs for the standard and short form was nonsignificant, t(29) less than 1. One-half of the Ss showed changes in intelligence classification when the short form was used. The short form should not be used when precise IQ estimates are required. However, the short form appears useful as a screening device to discriminate between patients with normal and subnormal intelligence. With respect to the detection of normal vs. subnormal intelligence, the short form achieved a correct classification rate of 87%.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Interlaboratory study on determination of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in fish.

An interlaboratory round robin study was carried out to estimate the reliability of data on 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in fish. Using different methods, 13 laboratories (4 Canadian, 9 American) agreed to analyze 4 fish samples; 3 were Great Lakes salmonids containing bio-incurred levels of TCDD below 100 ppt and the fourth was an ocean fish fillet containing no measurable TCDD. Samples were sent as freeze-dried portions as it was shown that no change of TCDD occurred by this sample preparation. Results were normalized between laboratories by supplying each with an aliquot of the same 2,3,7,8-TCDD standard. Eight laboratories reported a set of results of which one set was rejected. Values from the 7 remaining laboratories for the 3 positive fish showed mean concentrations in pg/g (ppt) and (CV, %) of 61.2 (13.9), 30.4 (18.4), and 32.3 (25.4). Detection limits averaged 3.6 ppt and ranged between 1 and 10 ppt. No significant differences appeared in the concentration of 2,3,7,8-TCDD in fish samples from methods differing in the use of: (i) digestion or extraction techniques, (ii) high or low resolution mass spectrometry, and (iii) isomer specific or nonspecific separations. Overall recovery values using internal standards varied greatly (29-109%) even within the same laboratory and pointed to the need to use an internal standard to obtain precise results. Agreement among laboratories was good considering the level quantitated (ppt) and the diverse methodology.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Polyaromatic hydrocarbons as high-performance liquid chromatographic calibration standards for the low level determination of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and chlorinated dibenzofurans in biological samples.

A series of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been used to calibrate the retention times of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (dioxins) and chlorinated dibenzofurans (furans) on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in the ultra-trace analysis of biological samples. Fraction collection is then based on the HPLC retention times of the PAHs without the need for the dioxins or furans. Because of the variety of PAHs, a particular one can be chosen that will co-chromatograph near any given dioxin or furan. It has been shown that the effect of solvent changes and sample co-extractives on the HPLC eluting properties of the PAHs is minimal. The use of PAHs as secondary standards for HPLC calibration in dioxin trace analysis diminishes both the potential for contamination of the sample by the standard and the handling of the chlorinated dioxins and furans. The PAH standards could also be useful for those laboratories who are limited in their safety facilities or in the number and amount of dioxin-furan standards available to them.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Neuropsychological patterns in uremia.

Administered the Halstead-Reitan Battery (HRB) of neuropsychological tests to 24 patients with advanced renal failure, 24 patients with neurological disorders, and 24 patients with medical and/or non-psychotic psychiatric conditions in order to assess the effects of uremic encephalopathy on human neuropsychological functioning. The groups did not differ significantly in age, education, verbal intelligence, or level of affective disturbance. Results indicated that the uremic and neurological groups were equal in overall level of neuropsychological impairment and that both were significantly more impaired than the medical-psychiatric group. However, the uremic group showed a pattern of deficits that was qualitatively different from both the neurological and medical-psychiatric groups. Results were discussed with reference to selective cortical dysfunctions in uremia and contrasted with earlier studies that did not consider differential sparing of abilities in renal patients.

Female↗
PubMed1982

A lower thoracic advancement flap in breast reconstruction after mastectomy.

A lower thoracic advancement flap for use in postmastectomy breast reconstruction is described that allows modest supplementation of prethoracic skin coverage and creation of a stable, well-defined inframammary fold. Advantages include good match of skin color and texture, confinement of donor-site scarring to the relatively inconspicuous inframammary fold area, a more natural ptotic breast shape, and relative ease of performance.

Breast↗
PubMed1982

Reliability of the WAIS-R with a mixed patient sample.

Reliability of the WAIS-R for a mixed sample of psychiatric and neurological patients was determined. Split-half reliabilities and standard errors of measurement were computed for all subtests (exept Digit Span and Digit Symbol) and the Verbal, Performance, and Full Scale IQs. Only the Arithmetic subtest had a reliability estimate which was significantly lower than that of the 35-44-yr.-old standardization group. All other reliabilities and standard errors of measurement approximated those reported for the normative group. It was concluded that the WAIS-R is a reliable instrument for evaluating patients in a clinical setting.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Concurrent validity of the Luria-Nebraska Memory Scale.

Investigated the concurrent validity of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery (LNNB) Memory Scale using the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) as the criterion. For 32 psychiatric patients, the LNNB Memory Scale yielded a significant correlation with the WMS MQ, r (30) = -.65, p less than .001. Moreover, there was a 72% agreement between the two scales with respect to the identification of memory impairment. Memory-impaired Ss earned a significantly higher (p less than .01) mean T-score on the LNNB Memory Scale than did Ss without memory problems. It was concluded that the LNNB Memory Scale is an adequate measure of short-term memory.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Composite sampling in the determination of pyrethrins in fruit samples.

A residue method is described for measuring up to 6 naturally occurring pyrethrins in several varieties of fruits. Fresh samples are extracted into acetone, partitioned between water and hexane-dichloro-methane, and cleaned up by adsorption on a Florisil column followed by elution with acetone-hexane (15 + 85). Residues are detected and quantitated by gas chromatography with electron capture detection. Detection limits for single 10 g samples are about 10-30 ng/g. The method was applied to a survey of pyrethrins in fruit samples. Because of the high tolerance (1 ppm) allowed for pyrethrins, the expected low incidence, and the low detection limits of the method, composite samples (up to 5-6) of fruit were used to quickly determine residue levels. This procedure allowed 130 samples to be processed in the time normally needed for 30-40. Provided the above conditions can be met, composite sampling is proposed as an attractive approach to data gathering in pesticide residue analysis.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1981

Test-retest reliability of the Wechsler Memory Scale, Form I.

Administered the Wechsler Memory Scale, Form I (WMS) twice to 34 normal Ss and 30 hospitalized patients with psychiatric or neurological disorders. In the normal group, the Memory Quotient (MQ) test-retest reliability was r(32) = .75, p less than .001. The mean retest gain in points was 7.2, median gain was 7, and range of gain was from -18 to +28. The increase in mean MQ over time was significant, t(33) = 3.95, p less than .001. In the psychiatric-neurological group, the MQ test-retest reliability was r(28) = .89, p less than .001. The mean retest gain points was 4, median gain was 4.5, and range of gain was from -12 to +23. The increase in mean MQ over time was significant, t(29) = 2.32, p less than .05. Although the WMS possesses acceptable psychometric reliability, the clinician must keep in mind that the MQ may change significantly over time for individual Ss.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Halstead-Reitan Test results in chronic hemodialysis.

Neuropsychological functioning of chronic hemodialysis, undialyzed uremic, and medical-psychiatric patients was explored using the Halstead-Reitan Battery. The three groups of 16 patients each did not differ significantly in age, education, verbal intelligence, or degree of affective disturbance. Specific Halstead-Reitan Battery subtest comparisons demonstrated that dialysis patients performed significantly better than uremic patients and were equivalent to medical-psychiatric subjects on tasks of psychomotor problem-solving and spatial ability. Dialysis patients were significantly better than uremic subjects, but impaired relative to the medical-psychiatric patients on a task of flexible thinking. Dialysis patients were impaired relative to medical-psychiatric subjects and equivalent to uremic patients on tasks which required complex analysis, auditory information processing, language capacities, and sensory-perceptual functions.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Clinical utility of a WISC-R short form.

Examined the validity of the Vocabulary-Block Design subtest combination as an estimate of te WISC-R Full Scale IQ in a clinical population. One hundred and twenty children (67 males, 53 females) with school and/or behavioral problems between the ages of 6-6 and 16-6 were administered the standard WISC-R. Satisfactory correlations (.78-.88) were found between the short form IQ and the Full Scale IQ. Approximately one-third of the Ss showed changes in intelligence classification levels when the short form was used. The short form did not allow for precise IQ estimation. However, the short form showed promise as a screening device to identify children, with atypical cognitive functions and/or mental deficiency. The short form achieved a correct classification rate of 83%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Intellectual deficit in chronic renal failure. A comparison with neurological and medical-psychiatric patients.

Intellectual functioning of renal failure, neurological, and medical-psychiatric patients was explored using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. The three groups of 24 patients each did not differ significantly in age or education. The medical-psychiatric group was significantly higher than the renal failure and neurological groups on the Performance IQ and Full Scale IQ. A significant groups X subtests interaction in an analysis of variance with Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale subtests as the repeated measures variable indicated that the groups differed significantly in pattern of intellectual deficit. Subsequent analysis of deviation scores, which controlled for overall level of performance, indicated significant differences among the groups in relative deficit on the Information, Comprehension, Vocabulary, Block Design, and Object Assembly subtests. The renal failure patients showed much less deficit on the Information, Comprehension, and Vocabulary subtests relative to their own mean than did the other two groups which were similar to each other. However, the renal failure patients showed considerably greater deficit on the Block Design and Object Assembly subtests relative to their own mean than did the neurological and medical-psychiatric patients who again were quite comparable to each other. The pattern of deficits for the renal failure group was different from both neurological and medical-psychiatric patients and their level of deficit was greater than that of the medical-psychiatric patients. Thus, renal failure patients showed quantitative and qualitative differences compared to medical-psychiatric subjects and qualitative differences compared to neurological subjects.

Adult↗