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J Igari

Publications and source records attributed to J Igari.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Free concentration and protein binding of ceftriaxone].

UNLABELLED: Ceftriaxone (CTRX) was administered in dose of 1 g 30 minutes intravenous drip infusion to 5 healthy volunteers. Cefpiramide (CPM) and cefotetan (CTT) were administered as control antibiotics. The serum concentrations of total and free drugs, using ultrafiltration, were assayed by bioassay and HPLC. Protein binding rates and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. Free concentration of antibiotics were following orders in each sampling time: CTRX greater than CTT greater than CPM. Mean free concentrations of CTRX at 0 hour and at 8 hours after intravenous drip infusion was more than 20 micrograms/ml and more than 2 micrograms/ml. Even at 24 hours after intravenous drip infusion free concentrations of CTRX were detectable. Mean half life in beta phase by HPLC was following orders: CTRX (7.5 hours) greater than CPM (5.4 hours) greater than CTT (4.7 hours). Mean protein binding rates were following orders: CPM (98%) greater than CTT (94%) greater than CTRX (92%). CONCLUSIONS: Characteristic of CTRX is high free drug concentration and long half life.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Susceptibilities of clinical bacterial isolates to antimicrobial agents, 1989. A study mainly focused on imipenem. The Research Group for Testing Imipenem Susceptibilities of Clinical Isolates].

We investigated susceptibilities of clinical bacterial isolates to imipenem (IPM) and other antimicrobial agents at hospital laboratories throughout Japan from September to December of 1989. The susceptibility testing was carried out according to the 1-dilution or 3-dilution disc technique in which susceptibilities are classified into 4 grades: (+++), (++), (+) and (-). IPM showed markedly high in vitro activities against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter freundii, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Bacteroides fragilis and had rather strong activities against Enterococcus faecalis, Haemophilus influenzae, Serratia marcescens, Proteus mirabilis, Morganella morganii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Achromobacter xylosoxidans, but was less active to Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci and Xanthomonas maltophilia. IPM has been found to have activities superior to those of other antibiotics tested against E. faecalis, E. cloacae, C. freundii, S. marcescens, P. aeruginosa and B. fragilis. No antibiotics tested showed good activities against MRSA except minocycline.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1991

[Antimicrobial susceptibilities of clinical isolates of Morganella-proteus-providencia group of bacteria].

We examined in vitro susceptibilities of 3,109 isolates belonging to 5 species of Proteeae to 2 penicillins, 5 cephems and 2 aminoglycosides. The isolates were collected from 69 hospital laboratories throughout Japan between 1986 and 1988. Minimal inhibitory concentrations were determined using the agar dilution method with inoculation of 10(8) cells/ml of bacteria. Proteus mirabilis had marked susceptibilities to the penicillins and cephems tested. Proteus vulgaris and Morganella morganii were similar in their susceptibilities to ampicillin (ABPC), piperacillin (PIPC), cefazolin (CEZ), cefotiam (CTM), latamoxef, gentamicin (GM) and netilmicin (NTL), but M. morganii was slightly more resistant to cefmetazole and ceftizoxime (CZX) than P. vulgaris. Providencia rettgeri also had a susceptibility pattern similar to that of P. vulgaris, except that P. rettgeri showed higher resistances to CZX, GM and NTL. Providencia stuartii had a very similar susceptibility pattern to P. rettgeri, but P. stuartii was much more resistant to GM and NTL than the latter. Some major differences on susceptibilities were clearly evident among the 5 species of Proteeae tested. Notable species-specific differences included higher susceptibilities of P. mirabilis to ABPC, PIPC, CEZ and CTM than others and stronger resistances of P. rettgeri and P. stuartii to GM and NTL.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1991

[Present status and problems of clinical bacteriology].

This symposium was made to clear the problems of clinical microbiology and discussed on the accurate identification of an etiological agent from a clinical specimen, proper specimen collection, susceptibility testing and the mechanism of antimicrobial resistance of bacteria. Some difficulties arise in the entire process of making use of a clinical microbiology laboratory, ranging from specimen collection to interpretation of results. One of the major limitations in the accurate identification of an etiological agent is imposed by poor communication between clinician and laboratory personnel. A number of problems in the entire process, from specimen collection to the interpretation of results, have remained unresolved. It came to the conclusion that important things are the information required to make a clinical decision, clear guidelines for specimen collection, rapid specimen transport, rapid transmission of the results and the establishment of a dialogue between clinician and microbiologist.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1990

[Susceptibilities of clinical bacterial isolates to antimicrobial agents. A study mainly focused on imipenem. Research Group for Testing Imipenem Susceptibility on Clinical Isolates].

We investigated susceptibilities of clinical bacterial isolates to imipenem (IPM) and other antimicrobial agents at 459 hospital laboratories throughout Japan from September to December of 1988. In this study, identification and susceptibility testing were performed at each hospital laboratory and the tests were carried out according to the 1-dilution or 3-dilution disc technique in which susceptibilities are classified into 4 grades: , ++, + and -. IPM had significantly high activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, Salmonella spp., Citrobacter freundii, Proteus mirabilis, Providencia rettgeri, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Moraxella catarrhalis, Alcaligenes spp., Peptococcus spp./Peptostreptococcus spp., Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides spp. and should slightly lower activities on coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), Enterococcus faecalis, Haemophilus influenzae, Serratia marcescens, Proteus vulgaris, Providencia stuartii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa than on the above mentioned bacteria. In a comparative study on activities of IPM against bacteria from different clinical sources, no remarkable differences were found due to different sources among S. pneumoniae, E. faecalis, H. influenzae, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae, C. freundii, P. mirabilis or A. calcoaceticus, whereas slight differences were found among Staphylococcus aureus, CNS, S. marcescens and P. aeruginosa.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1990

[Hospital and district differences in susceptibilities to antibiotics of main clinical isolates].

A nationwide survey of susceptibilities of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp. and Proteus mirabilis initiated in 1980 was continued in 1986. This report documents differences in susceptibilities of clinical isolates of the above microorganisms to ampicillin (ABPC), cefazolin (CEZ), cefmetazole (CMZ) and gentamicin (GM) among general hospitals throughout Japan. Clinical isolates of each species of microorganisms which were collected in 24 hospitals made up each study group and were collected at the Kosei General Hospital, Tokyo, from April 1980 to March 1986. We compared the variability in the resistant rates (MIC greater than or equal to 25 micrograms/ml) and MICs of each antibiotic for 50% and 80% of the isolates among the hospitals. MICs were determined by the serial 2 fold agar plate dilution method, standardized by the Japan Society of Chemotherapy, with an inoculum of approximately 10(6) CFU/ml or 10(8) CFU/ml. Susceptibility patterns of S. aureus to ABPC, CEZ and GM, of E. coli to ABPC, of Klebsiella sp. to CEZ and GM and of P. mirabilis to ABPC, CEZ and GM varied from hospital to hospital. On the other hand, the differences in the susceptibility patterns among the 6 districts of Japan were not obvious, because the differences were affected by different susceptibility patterns of each hospital located in each district.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1990

[In vitro susceptibility of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella sp. to antibiotics].

A nationwide susceptibility survey of clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae initiated in 1980 was continued for the 8th consecutive year. A total of 4,421 strains of E. coli and 2,825 strains of K. pneumoniae isolated mainly from urine, sputum and pus, were obtained from 69 hospitals throughout Japan during the 2 years (1986-1987). MICs were determined using the agar plate dilution method (Mueller-Hinton agar, BBL) with inoculation of 10(8)CFU/ml bacteria. Antibiotics tested in this survey were 2 penicillins, 7 cephems and 2 aminoglycosides. Most of the strains of the two species of bacteria were susceptible to ceftizoxime (CZX), cefotetan (CTT), latamoxef (LMOX), cefotiam (CTM) and cefmetazole (CMZ) and also gentamicin (GM) and netilmicin (NTL) were active against both species of bacteria. About 90% of the E. coli strains were inhibited at a concentration of 0.20 micrograms/ml of CZX, 0.39 micrograms/ml of LMOX, 0.78 micrograms/ml of CTT, 1.56 micrograms/ml of CTM or NTL, or 3.13 micrograms/ml of CMZ or GM. Most of the strains were resistant to ampicillin (ABPC) and piperacillin. For the strains of K. pneumoniae, similar results were obtained. Yearly changes in susceptibility of E. coli and K. pneumoniae were not obvious with ABPC, cefazolin, CMZ or GM. No significant differences were observed during 1986-1987 in susceptibilities of the isolates of both species of bacteria due to different clinical specimens. These results suggest that the 2nd and the 3rd generation cephems and aminoglycosides, alone or in combination, may be efficacious in treating infections due to E. coli and K. pneumoniae.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1990

[Present status of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and susceptibility to antimicrobial agents in 6 hospitals in Okinawa].

During the period from November 1987 to March 1988, 301 strains of S. aureus isolated from clinical specimens were collected from 6 hospitals in Okinawa main island. Thirty seven percent of the strains were resistant to methicillin (MRSA, MIC greater than or equal to 12.5 micrograms/ml). There was a difference in an isolation frequency among the hospitals from 13 to 52%. The strains were isolated from pus, sputum and urine with high frequency. As coagulase typing of MRSA, Type II and III strains predominantly isolated with 54% and 40%, respectively. Among the antimicrobial agents tested, about 90-99% MRSA were resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics and aminoglycosides and no resistant strain was observed to MINO. To IPM/CS and OFLX, 84% and 75% of the strains were sensitive, respectively. MRSA is a hospital strain and may be a causative microorganism for a hospital and opportunistic infection.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1990

[Susceptibilities of uropathogenic bacteria to ampicillin, cefazolin, cefmetazole and gentamicin. Nine-year survey of changing patterns of susceptibilities].

We analyzed antibiotic susceptibilities of urinary isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Proteus mirabilis, and Indole (+) Proteus group to ampicillin (ABPC), cefazolin (CEZ), cefmetazole (CMZ) and gentamicin (GM) in 69 laboratories in 1988 and also studied changing patterns of susceptibilities from 1980 to 1988. Minimal inhibitory concentrations were determined using the agar dilution method (MUELLER-HINTON agar, BBL) with inoculation of 10(6) cfu/ml of bacteria. Ninety to 99% of the strains of E. coli, Klebsiella spp. and P. mirabilis were inhibited at a concentration of 6.25 micrograms/ml of CEZ and CMZ and of 1.56 micrograms/ml of GM. Approximately 80% of the strains of Indole (+) Proteus group were inhibited at concentrations of 6.25 micrograms/ml of CMZ and of 1.56 micrograms/ml of GM. However, resistance to ABPC and CEZ was high, with 83% and 81% of the strains being not inhibited at a concentration of 50 micrograms/ml of ABPC and CEZ, respectively. No significant changes in susceptibilities of the 4 bacteria to the above 4 antibiotics were observed over the 9 year period. No increase was found in the incidence of the resistant strains of the 4 bacteria to CMZ and GM, nor of E. coli and Klebsiella spp. to CEZ.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1990

[Susceptibilities of clinical bacterial isolates to antimicrobial agents. A study mainly focused on imipenem. Reported by the Research Group for Testing Imipenem Susceptibility on Clinical Isolates].

This study was conducted to investigate susceptibilities of clinical bacterial isolates to imipenem (IPM) and other antibacterial agents at 64 hospital laboratories throughout Japan from September to December of 1988. In this study, identification and susceptibility testing were carried out at each laboratory and the tests were performed according to the disk dilution method recommended by NCCLS in which susceptibilities are classified into "S", "MS", "I" and "R". IPM showed markedly high in vitro activities against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, Enterococcus faecalis, Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescens, Salmonella spp., Citrobacter freundii, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Morganella morganii, Providencia rettgeri, Providencia stuartii, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis, Alcaligenes spp., Peptococcus spp./Peptostreptococcus spp., Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides spp. IPM also had strong activities against Achromobacter xylosoxidans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but less active against Flavobacterium spp., E. faecium, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas cepacia. In a study in which activities of IPM against bacteria isolated from different clinical sources were compared, differences in susceptibilities were observed among S. aureus, CNS, A. calcoaceticus and P. aeruginosa, but such differences were not apparent among S. pneumoniae, E. faecalis, H. influenzae, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae, C. freundii, S. marcescens or P. mirabilis.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1988

[A nationwide study of the antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus in Japan].

We described antimicrobial susceptibilities of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus in 1985 and also a 6-year survey of changing patterns of their susceptibilities to ampicillin (ABPC), cefazolin (CEZ), cefmetazole (CMZ) and gentamicin (GM) from 1980 to 1985 in 103 hospitals. The MICs were determined by the standard method of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy. Among 2,891 isolates in 1985, ratios of resistant strains to ABPC and GM were 24% and 29%, respectively, and those to CEZ and CMZ were 8% and 3%, respectively. Gradual increases in numbers of resistant strains to ABPC, CEZ and CMZ were observed until 1984 but a trend for decreases in numbers of resistant strains to the above 3 antibiotics was observed in 1985. A continuous rise in numbers of resistant strains to GM until 1985 was noted. Isolates from clinical materials such as pus, bile, and urine showed higher incidences of resistance to ABPC and GM than those from sputum, secreta and throat swab. Rates of resistant strains to CEZ were the highest in isolates from bile, pus, sputum and urine. Rates of resistant strains to CMZ were the highest in isolates from bile, and decreased in isolates from sputum, urine and pus in this order. Rates of resistant isolates from inpatients to the 4 antibiotics tested were greater than those from outpatients.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1988

[In vitro susceptibilities of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus].

In vitro susceptibilities of 350 strains of Staphylococcus aureus to ampicillin (ABPC), methicillin (DMPPC), cloxacillin (MCIPC), cefazolin (CEZ), cefmetazole (CMZ), cefmenoxime (CMX), latamoxef (LMOX) and 5 non-beta-lactam antimicrobial agents were determined according to the standard method of Japan Society of Chemotherapy. Frequencies of the appearance of resistant organisms (MIC greater than or equal to 12.5 micrograms/ml) to beta-lactam antibiotics were 45% for ABPC, 27% for DMPPC, 11% for MCIPC, 24% for CEZ, 15% for CMZ, 36% for CMX and 51% for LMOX. To non-beta-lactam antimicrobial agents, resistant strains appeared at 31% to gentamicin, 15% to amikacin, 0.6% to minocycline (MINO), 1% to norfloxacin (NFLX) and 65% to fosfomycin (FOM). More than 80% of DMPPC-resistant strains were also resistant to LMOX, CMX, ABPC, FOM, and CEZ, but most of those were susceptible to MINO and NFLX. Incidence of DMPPC-CEZ resistant S. aureus was 23% of the 350 strains tested. As stated above, multiply resistant strains of S. aureus are present throughout different hospitals in Okinawa.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1987

[Nationwide study of the antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical isolates of Proteus group in Japan].

We discussed the antimicrobial susceptibilities of Proteus group isolated in 1983 and 1984 and also the annual changes of the susceptibilities from 1980 to 1984. The tested strains were isolated in 103 hospitals in Japan. Antibiotics tested for this study were ampicillin (ABPC), cefazolin (CEZ), cefmetazole (CMZ), and gentamicin (GM). The MIC's were determined by the standard method of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy. Susceptibilities of the bacterial strains to the 4 antibiotics were described below: 1. Proteus mirabilis had good susceptibilities to all the antibiotics tested. 2. Susceptibilities of Proteus vulgaris were low to ABPC and CEZ, but high to CMZ and GM. 3. Proteus morganii showed low susceptibilities to ABPC and CEZ, and moderate to CMZ and GM. 4. Susceptibilities of Proteus rettgeri were low to ABPC and CEZ, and 25-40% of the strains were resistant to CMZ and GM. 5. Proteus inconstance had low susceptibilities to ABPC and CEZ, but fairly good to CMZ. About 55% of the strains showed resistance to GM. 6. There were no significant annual changes in susceptibilities of P. mirabilis, P. vulgaris and P. morganii to ABPC, CEZ and CMZ during the period from 1980 to 1984, but decreased susceptibilities to GM were noted in 1982. 7. There was no evidence of changes in susceptibilities of strains of P. rettgeri to ABPC and CMZ, but a tendency of decreasing susceptibilities to CEZ was shown from 1981. 8. P. inconstance showed no major changes in susceptibilities to ABPC, CMZ and GM. 9. Frequencies of resistant strains with MIC of 25 micrograms per ml or more in P. mirabilis, P. morganii and P. rettgeri were higher in 1982 and/or 1983 than the other years.

Ampicillin↗