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Biomedical subjects

J Hunt

Publications and source records attributed to J Hunt.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Indicators for nursing practice: the use of research findings.

Until recently discussion about nursing research centred on the need to get it carried out. Attention is now being focused on how to get nursing research used, since so far, such research findings has not, on the whole, been assimilated into practice. Until this occurs the practice of nursing will not and cannot be research-based in any meaningful way. It is postulated that nursing research findings provide nurses with indicators for practice. This assumes that such findings are available and that the main barrier to their use is the poor communication of this research, (in a form they can understand) to nurse practitioners. However recent research into the use of research findings casts doubt on this assumption and it can be argued that such a view is too simplistic. In this paper therefore, three questions are asked: (1) Are relevant nursing research findings available which provide indicators for practice? (2) What indicators do such findings provide? (3) Are such findings used by nurse-practitioners? Using specific examples from nursing research, ideas and suggestions are put forward which provide a basis for possible answers. Finally the paper discusses the interdependence of research and practice and the need for them to develop together.

Nurse Practitioners↗
PubMed1980

The location of chronic gastric ulcer: a study of the relevance of ulcer size, age, sex, alcohol, analgesic intake and smoking.

Ulcer size, age, sex, alcohol and analgesic intake and cigarette consumption were studied in relation to the site of the ulcer in 215 patients with chronic gastric ulcer, of whom 96 were initial and 115 recurrent ulcers. Ulcer site was classified into upper (U), middle (M) and lower (L) thirds of the stomach, on X-ray films of air-contrast barium studies. The ulcers were situated in the upper third in 37 patients (17%), middle third in 90 patients (42%) and lower third in 88 patients (41%), i.e., significantly more in M and L compared to U (p less than 0.001). 135 ulcers were on the lesser curve (63%) with more in L and M compared to U (p less than 0.0005). Posterior wall ulcers accounted for 29.3%. Ulcers were smallest in L (mean 28.8 mm2) compared to those in M (mean 66.1 mm2) and U (mean 64.4 mm2) (p less than 0.001). Mean size overall was 49.0 mm. The mean age of the patients was 58.8 years with no significant differences in age between U, M and L (p greater than 0.9). The M/F ratio in the whole series was 0.6 which varied with ulcer site, being 0.3 in U (differing significantly from the whole series, p less than 0.05), 0.4 in M and 1.2 in L (significantly different from the whole series, p less than 0.01) and from U (p less than 0.01). Initial ulcers did not differ from recurrent ulcers except in women where initial ulcers were more common in M and L, whereas recurrent ulcers were more commin in U. The independent variables, namely, alcohol and analgesics (with the exception of smoking), were not determinants of ulcer site, size or position once the patients were segregated by sex. In men only, there were interactions between L and lesser curve site (p less than 0.004) and L and smoking (p less than 0.03).

Age Factors↗
PubMed1980

The healing rate of chronic gastric ulcer in patients admitted to hospital.

A study was made of the effect of age, sex, ulcer size, bed rest, carbenoxolone sodium and anticholinergic drug therapy, and advice to cease smoking on the healing rate of chronic gastric ulcer determined radiologically over 21 days in a factorially designed experiment in 54 patients admitted to hospital. It was found that carbenoxolone sodium, anticholinergic drug therapy, bed rest in hospital, and advice to cease smoking did not accelerate ulcer healing. Age and ulcer size had a slight effect on ulcer healing, the larger ulcers and those in older patients healing more slowly. The results can be explained by the hypothesis that chronic ulcers heal at a maximal rate after hospital admission and other factors that alone may have a beneficial effect in hospitalized patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Multiple squamous carcinomas and the oesophagus.

Attention is directed to the synchronous and sometimes delayed appearance of squamous carcinoma of the oesophagus with other head and neck squamous carcinomas. The rare occurrence of double carcinoma of the oesophagus is emphasized. Two cases of double carcinoma of the oesophagus occurred in a group of 383 patients who were investigated as part of an epidemiological survey (an incidence of 0,5%). A third case of double carcinoma of the oesophagus is additionally reported.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1979

The use of Technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate scintigraphy to identify muscle damage in acute electric burns.

High-voltage electric burns are often associated with deep muscle damage in addition to a limited cutaneous burn. Technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate (99mTc-PYP) scintigrams were evaluated as a diagnostic tool to detect and localize both large and focal areas of skeletal muscle necrosis. Scintigrams were performed in 14 patients between the first and fifth postinjury days and imaging was done over areas of suspected and clinically apparent muscle injury. Muscle damage was identified by an increased cellular uptake of the tagged material. All 14 patients had gross and histologic evidence of muscle necrosis. Muscle necrosis was identified as early as 24 hours and as late as 6 days postinjury. The location and extent of muscle injury was correctly ascertained preoperatively in all patients.

Burns, Electric↗
PubMed1979

The effect of desferrioxamine on fibroblasts and collagen formation in cell cultures.

Iron is essential for the activity of proline hydroxylase and is an important co-factor in collagen synthesis. Fibroblast cultures exposed to desferrioxamine show impairment of DNA synthesis and reduced collagen formation, as measured by hydroxyproline synthesis and the deposition of hydroxyproline in the cell mat. In patients with transfusional iron overload long-term treatment with desferrioxamine is said to result in the inhibition of hepatic fibrosis. It is suggested that this may be a direct effect on collagen synthesis rather than an effect of reduced iron stores.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1979

Numerical evaluation of facial pattern in children with isolated pulmonary stenosis.

A facial contouring technique, using light sectioning (Cobb, 1972), was modified (Ainsworth and Joseph, 1977) and used in a numerical study of children with isolated pulmonary stenosis (PS) to test the hypothesis that the facial pattern in this condition differs from the normal. Measurements were compared between a group of 20 normal children and a group of 20 children with PS between ages 6 and 10 1/2 years. A distinctive facial pattern emerged. Many anteroposterior measurements were much greater in the PS group, indicating that the tissues were more prominent in the maxillary region. Altogether, 29 measurements showed significant differences (P less than 0.05) between the two groups. Discriminant analyses were carried out to discover which, if any, might be used to predict the group to which an individual should belong. Depending on the variables chosen, between 34 and 37 individuals from the total of 40 were assigned to the correct group--PS or control.

Child↗