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Biomedical subjects

J Hu

Publications and source records attributed to J Hu.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Obstructive jaundice caused by tumor emboli from hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) presenting as obstructive jaundice due to intrabile duct tumor growth is being reported with increasing frequency. We describe our clinical experiences and evaluate the results of different operative procedures for this disease. A retrospective study was undertaken to review 18 patients with obstructive jaundice by tumor emboli from HCC during a 15-year period of time. We reviewed clinical features, types of operative procedures, operative findings, and survival in the patients. All patients on initial examination had recurrent episodic jaundice or cholangitis. Types of surgical procedures were choledochotomy with T-tube drainage alone in nine patients, choledochotomy with T-tube drainage followed by hepatectomy in six, and T-tube drainage followed by transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization in the remaining three patients. Liver cirrhosis was the associated disease in 15 (83.3%). There were three postoperative deaths (16.7%). The mean survival time for nine patients with external drainage alone was 4.5 months. For the three patients with T-tube drainage and transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization, mean survival time was 11 months. Six patients who had undergone hepatectomy had a better postoperative survival time, with 1 surviving for more than 3 years and another alive for 70 months, without evidence of recurrence at the moment. Jaundice is not necessarily a harbinger of advanced disease and a contraindication for surgery. Managed properly, these patients will have satisfactory palliation and occasional cure.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Immunohistological localisation of vascular endothelial growth factor in human endometrium.

Several polypeptide growth factors regulate epithelial and stromal development in endometrium under the influence of estrogen and progesterone, and thereby regulate growth and differentiation of endometrium during menstrual cycle. However, little is known about the angiogenic growth factors that may affect endometrial vasculature throughout each menstrual cycle. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is suggestively an important angiogenic growth factor in the female reproductive tract. The aim of the present study was to immunolocalize and assess semi-quantitatively VEGF immunostaining in cells of proliferative phase (n = 3), secretory phase (n = 6) and hyperplastic (n = 6) human endometrial samples. VEGF concentrations were significantly higher in glandular (P < 0.001) and stromal (P < 0.01) compartments of proliferative stage endometrium compared with those in secretory stage and hyperplastic endometrial samples, with no difference in the scores for glandular and stromal compartments between secretory stage and hyperplastic endometrial samples. Generally, glandular expression of VEGF was higher as compared to stromal compartment. Thus, it appears that endometrial VEGF expression and concentration are enhanced by estrogen, and may be correlated with neovascularization and increased vascular permeability during late proliferative period. Additionally, there was no enhancement in VEGF expression in hyperplastic glands, suggesting that regulation of glandular growth and that of angiogenesis in human endometrium operate through different mechanisms.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Genomic alterations in distal bile duct carcinoma by comparative genomic hybridization and karyotype analysis.

We report genomic abnormalities identified in 14 human primary common bile duct carcinomas analyzed by cytogenetics or comparative genomic hybridization, or both. Combining the results of the two methods of analysis, 11 chromosomal arms were observed to be gained in whole or in part, and 9 chromosomal arms were lost in whole or in part in at least four tumors each. The most frequently lost chromosomal regions were, in decreasing order: 18q (eight tumors); 6q and 10p (seven tumors each); 8p, 12q, and 17p (six tumors each); and 7q, 12p, and 22q (four tumors each). The most frequently gained regions were 8q and 20q (six tumors each); 12p, 17q, and Xp (five tumors each); and 2q, 6p, 7p, 11q, 13q, and 19q (four tumors each). These results are similar to those we have previously reported in pancreatic cancer and suggest that carcinomas of the common bile duct and pancreas share a number of genetic changes.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Dermal and transdermal delivery of protein pharmaceuticals: lipid-based delivery systems for interferon alpha.

The dermal and transdermal delivery of protein pharmaceuticals faces enormous challenges, and at the same time has very significant potential for the non-invasive treatment of both localized and systemic diseases. In this article we review the various approaches used to enhance and control the delivery of protein therapeutic agents through the dermal barrier. We show results of the delivery of interferon (IFN) alpha, an antiviral agent used in the treatment of condylomata acuminata (genital warts), using lipid-based delivery systems (LBDS). In the general category of LBDS, we investigated the use of liposomes and fatty acylation as ways to increase IFNalpha delivery into human skin.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1999

Telephone interviews vs. workstation sessions for acquiring quality of life data.

Patient quality of life data can be acquired in a variety of ways, including over the telephone and through computerized questionnaires. However, if the method of collection produces different results, medical decisions regarding appropriate and cost-effective care may be influenced by collection method. We conducted an experiment where subjects had two quality of life measures, the time trade-off and rating scale utilities, assessed both in telephone interivews and via computer touchscreens. The order of telephone and touchscreen was randomized. We found that rating scale utilities were similar whether obtained via the telephone or via touchscreen regardless of which was done first. However, patients who had their time trade-off utilities assessed over the telephone first did not provide as consistent responses as those elicited first via touchscreen (p = 0.01). Caution is suggested when considering eliciting time trade-off over the telephone with subjects who have not had time trade-off elicited previously.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1999

Long-term survival and prognostic study in acute promyelocytic leukemia treated with all-trans-retinoic acid, chemotherapy, and As2O3: an experience of 120 patients at a single institution.

OBJECTIVE: All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), chemotherapy, and arsenic trioxide (As2O3) have been found to be effective in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Here we present a single institutional retrospective study with long-term follow-up to better define the prognostic factors and a rationale for the use of ATRA, chemotherapy, and As2O3 in the treatment of newly diagnosed and relapsed APL patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Newly diagnosed patients with APL entering complete remission were followed up for 3 to 95 months (n = 120). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify potential prognostic factors, including age and sex; initial white blood cell (WBC) count and peak WBC level of hyperleukocytosis during induction therapy; dose of ATRA in induction; days from induction therapy to remission; postremission therapy; type of PML-RAR alpha isoform; and follow-up of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: The median relapse-free survival (RFS) was 26 months, and median overall survival (OS) was still not reached. The estimated 5-year RFS and OS were 34.0% +/- 6.0% and 52.5% +/- 7.9%, respectively. Initial WBC count (> or = 20 x 10(9)/l), peak level of WBC during induction, and type of postremission therapy were significantly related to survival. Our multivariate study showed that only peak level of WBC count during induction therapy and type of postremission therapy were associated with RFS and that initial WBC count was associated with OS. In relapsed patients, As2O3 was very effective and remained as the most important factor for their entering remission and survival after relapse. CONCLUSION: Through this retrospective study with long-term follow-up, some conclusions can be drawn: 1) Low-dose ATRA is as effective as the standard dose in terms of survival; 2) Initial and peak levels of WBC count during induction therapy are associated with survival; 3) A combination of chemotherapy and ATRA is better than chemotherapy or ATRA alone as postremission therapy; 4) Patients with the long form of PML-RAR alpha tend to have a more favorable OS but not RFS when compared with patients with the short form; 5) Persistent negative RT-PCR in remission is associated with favorable RFS and OS; 6) As2O3 is an effective agent for relapsed patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Clinical and experimental study of 9 cases of adult T cell leukemia].

OBJECTIVE: In order to clarify the clinical and laboratory features of adult T cell leukemia (ATL): morphology, immunology, cytogenetics, serology and molecular biology. METHODS: Indirect immunofluorescence assay and ELISA were used to detect serum HTLV-I antibody. The HTLV-I provirus sequence were amplified by PCR and confirmed by liquid hybridization. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Nine cases of ATL were diagnosed. The major clinical manifestation was lymph node enlargement found in all patients. Skin involvement and osteolysis were not frequent. The characteristic finding was leukemic cells with highly indented or lobulated flower-like nuclei in peripheral blood and bone marrow. ATL cells were CD2, CD3, CD4, CD25 positive and CD8 negative. No specific chromosome abnormality or HLA type was found. Seven of 8 patients examined had HTLV-I antibody. The HTLV-I provirus genome sequence integrated into host cell DNA was amplified by PCR and confirmed by liquid hybridization. All of these results showed that HTLV-I was also the etiological agent of ATL in China. One of the 9 cases of ATL was classified as lymphoma type, one as chronic-type, and the rest as acute type.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[AFP mRNA expression in peripheral blood correlates with metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the status of hematogenous spread of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the significance of peripheral blood AFP mRNA expression as a predictive marker for metastasis of HCC. METHODS: Peripheral blood samples were collected from 54 patients with HCC, 20 of whom had received interventional therapy before samples were collected, and from 30 subjects as control(10 cases with benign liver disease, 20 healthy donors). AFP cDNA was amplified from total RNA extracted from 5 ml whole blood by nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). RESULTS: Of the 54 HCC patients, 26(48.1%) patients had positive AFP mRNA, while AFP mRNA was detected in only 1 of the 10 patients with benign liver disorder and 1 of the 20 healthy subjects. In 16 HCC patients with intra- and extra-hepatic metastases, 13 (81.3%) were positive for AFP mRNA. In patients who did not yet have metastasis, 34.2% of them (13/38) gave positive AFP mRNA. The presence of AFP mRNA correlated with the stage of HCC and the presence of intrahepatic and/or extrahepatic metastasis, but did not correlate with the tumor size and the serum AFP level. There was no significant difference in AFP mRNA expression before and after surgical treatment or transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. CONCLUSION: AFP mRNA is a valuable marker for detecting hematogenous dissemination and metastasis of HCC. Systemic chemotherapy or immunotherapy is needed to prevent clinically overt metastasis and recurrence.

Humans↗
PubMed1999

[The effects of twin-block magnetic appliance on the early skeletal Class III malocclusion].

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of magnetic functional and orthopedic approach on treatment of early skeletal class III malocclusion. METHODS: A new type of magnetic twin-block appliance (TMA) was developed and used on 32 growing subjects with skeletal class III malocclusion. RESULTS: The class III dentofacial profile significantly improved and class III molar relationship was corrected in most cases. CONCLUSION: The Nd2-Fe14-B TMA could be used as effective orthopedic approach in treating class III malocclusion, which had many advantages, such as force prediction, well-controlled anchorage, small and comfortable design of appliance and good cooperation from patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Reversal of multidrug resistance of leukemia cell line in vitro by antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotide].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of 14 mer antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotide (AS-SODN) complementary to the published multidrug resistance gene (mdr(1) gene) sequence to reverse multidrug resistance of leukemia cell line. METHODS: 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) of K562 cell line resistant to adriamycin (K562/ADM cell line) was determined by the tetrazolium dye, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method, the concentration of daunorubicin (DNR) in the cell by flow cytometry, the level of P170 by immunohistochemical staining technique and the level of mdr(1)-mRNA by half-quantitative RT-PCR (the ratio of mdr(1)/beta(2)-MG). RESULTS: Treatment of K562/ADM cell line with 2 micromol/L AS-SODN reduced the level of both the mdr(1)-mRNA and P170. The ratio of mdr(1)/beta(2)-MG reduced from (2.07 +/- 0.16) to (1.57 +/- 0.14), and positive rate of P170 expression decreased from (98.26 +/- 1.35)% to (18.30 +/- 6.50)%. Accordingly, the concentration of DNR in cell increased. With these findings, IC(50) to ADM reduced from 25.72 mg/L to 6.97 mg/L and relative efficiency of modulation was 73.01%. CONCLUSION: Antisense oligonucleotide targeting mdr(1) gene can reduce md(1)-mRNA, block P170 expression so as to increase the sensitivity of K562/ADM cell line to chemotherapy drugs.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B↗
PubMed1999

[The effect of aminoguanidine, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, on bleomycin-induced lung injury in rats].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the dynamic change of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity of the lung in bleomycin -induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats and to investigate the effect of aminoguanidine (AG), a selective inhibitor of inducible NOS on this animal model. METHODS: Sixty SD rats were divided into three groups in random: control group, untreated model group, AG-treated group. On experimental day (day 0), the rats were intratracheally instilled with bleomycin (5 mg/kg body weight) or sterile saline, and then treated with AG (50 mg x kg(-1)) x d(-1)), intraperitoneally) or saline until they were killed. On days 3, 7, 14, 28 after instillation, five rats of each group were sacrificed and the lungs were harvested for histopathological examination and determination of NOS activity, MDA and TNF. RESULTS: NOS activity in the lung homogenate was elevated quickly after bleomycin instillation and peaked on day 7, then declined. Treatment of AG remarkably ameliorated the alveolitis caused by bleomycin. The subsequently pulmonary fibrosis was also decreased, but there was no statistically significance. AG did not affect the increased level of MDA and TNF-alpha caused by intratracheally instilled bleomycin. CONCLUSIONS: Nitric oxide seems to play an important role in the development of pulmonary fibrosis, especially in the alveolitis phase.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Extensive transbasal approach for removal of tumours in the nasal, sphenoid and clival regions].

OBJECTIVE: To improve operative results of removal of the tumors in midline cranial base and the reconstruction of defect at frontal base through modification of the operative approach and techniques. METHODS: Extensive transbasal approach was used in 15 patients with tumours in the nasal, sphenoid and clival regions. RESULTS: The tumor was removed in 10 patients, near totally removed in 4 and partial removed in 1. The operative results of all patients were excellent except an elderly patient with mild operative morbidity. CONCLUSIONS: The procedure we used expand the operative indications for the tumors situated at the midline cranial base and improve the operative results. The procedure has advantages such as wide operative space, reliable reconstruction of the frontal base, and no severe complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Function research of esophageal lower sphincter in infant with hiatal hernia].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between gastroesophageal dynamics of infantile hiatal hernia (HH) and gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and to assess the curative effects of antireflux surgery. METHODS: Ambulatory 24-hr esophageal pH-metry and esophageal manometry were studied in 26 patients with HH before and after surgery. RESULTS: By radiology, patients were divided into group of sliding HH (n = 16, group I) and group of para-esophageal or combined HH (n = 10, group II). All patients showed GER. The duration of the longest episode, and the percentage of the time at pH < 4 were significantly greater in lying position than those in upright position (P < 0.05). All parameters were significantly decreased after operation (P < 0.01). Lower esophageal sphincter length (LESL) increased significantly postoperatively. In group I, lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP) and barrier pressure (BP) was increased after surgery, but no significant difference was seen in LESP and BP in group II. Intragastric pressure (GP) significantly reduced after operation. GP in group II before operation was higher than that in group I (P < 0.05). A second high pressure zone in the esophagus was found in 67% of patients in group I and 14% patients in group II. CONCLUSIONS: Most patients with infantile HH and GER decreased LESL, LESP and increased GP. Differential gastroesophageal dynamics is associated with types of hiatal hernia. It is very important to remain enough LESL in mechanism of Dor antireflux surgery. To prevent respiratory infection is an important measure to prevent patients from relapse after surgery.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1999

[Morphological cure of cerebral arteriovenous malformations by endovascular therapeutics].

OBJECTIVE: To sum up the clinical characteristics and typical manifestation by analysing clinical materials from total embolized cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVM) via endovascular embolization. METHODS: We reviewed clinical and image materials of 50 patients whose cerebral AVM were embolized entirely and found the cerebral AVM morphological cure by endovascular embolization after studying the size, position, artery supply, therapeutics and follow-up. RESULTS: 50 patients with cerebral AVM were embolized by endovascular therapy, accounting for 17% of all patients. Malformation lesions were medium or small type, with a diameter less than 3 cm, 95% of them were located in the tentorium superior. Terminal end blood supply was common to AVM and especially medium cerebral artery (MCA) or its branches. 97% of the patients were graded III or below by spectzler grading system. 70% of them had a history of intracranial hemorrhage and were cured by one therapy. CONCLUSIONS: It is a reliable and feasible method for morphological cure in cerebral AVM via endovascular therapeutics only, but case selection is important, that is, medium or small AVM with single branch terminal end blood supply in the tentorium superior.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Intestinal bacterial translocation in patients with biliary tract diseases].

To determine whether intestinal bacterial translocation occurs in man, the authors cultured the tissues of mesenteric lymph nodes(MLNs), bile, portal and peripheral venous blood obtained prior to and during operation in 35 patients with biliary diseases. No positive peritoneal swab, portal blood and peripheral blood culture were shown. Thirteen of 20 patients with biliary obstruction (65%) had bacteria in their MLNs, while no positive MLN culture was found in 12 patients without biliary obstruction. The most common bacteria recovered from the MLNs were Gram-negative enteric bacilli. Thus, it is considered that extrahepatic biliary obstruction may induce intestinal bacterial translocation in man.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[No arresting aorta undergoing open heart surgery with CPB through a right anterolateral thoracotomy].

We performed operation of CPB without arresting aorta on 57 cardiac patients through a right anterolateral thoracotomy. Results showed: except that one case of ASD required a 2nd time thoracotomy to hemostasis for a lot of drainage, another case of residual shunt postoperation of TOF was not satisfactory in repair, the others are perfect. There were no operative or hospitalized mortality, no incision infection. It has also solve the psychological distress of female patients provoking by midline showy scar of median sternotomy, so it has acquire a good surgical cosmetic effect.

Adolescent↗