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Biomedical subjects

J Horiguchi

Publications and source records attributed to J Horiguchi.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

A case of neuroleptic-induced unilateral akathisia with periodic limb movements in the opposite side during sleep.

We report on a patient with schizoaffective disorder who developed unilateral akathisia. This is the first case report of a patient with neuroleptic-induced unilateral akathisia on whom an all-night polysomnogram was recorded. On the polysomnogram we observed right side periodic limb movements (PLM) with left side unilateral akathisia, and after her akathisia disappeared, the PLM also disappeared. Brain MRI findings and neurological findings were within normal limits. The pathogenetic lesion causing akathisia could not be elucidated.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1999

Lithium and clonazepam treatment of two cases with cluster headache.

Patients with cluster headache are often treated with lithium. However, there are some patients who can not be fully treated with lithium alone. Two patients with cluster headache were treated with clonazepam, one of the most potent benzodiazepines. Lithium prolonged the period of remission, and the addition of clonazepam further prolonged it in case 1. Treatment with clonazepam reduced the symptoms in case 2, and when combined with lithium, the disorder went into remission after 6 months. These findings suggest that the combination of lithium and clonazepam may be effective in patients with cluster headache.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Natural history of fibroadenomas based on the correlation between size and patient age.

BACKGROUND: Several recent studies have reported that most fibroadenomas remain static or regress when they are managed conservatively; however, no such studies have evaluated the breast disorder in Japanese women. To understand the natural history of fibroadenomas in Japanese women, we examined the correlation between the sizes of the fibroadenomas and the women's age. METHODS: Fifty-eight consecutive patients (age range, 17-51 years; mean, 33.9 years) with histologically confirmed fibroadenoma were enrolled in this study. The sizes of the excised fibroadenomas were analyzed in relation to the women's ages. RESULTS: The fibroadenomas decreased significantly in size (Y, mm) with patient age (X, years) (P = 0.0012) according the equation Y = -0.340X + 27.0 (95% confidence limits for the slope, -0.139 to -0.540). From this equation, the mean sizes of the fibroadenoma in women aged 20, 30 and 40 years were expected to be 20.2 mm (95% confidence interval, 16.2-24.2 mm), 16.8 mm (95% confidence interval, 10.8-22.8 mm) and 13.4 mm (95% confidence interval, 5.4-21.4 mm), respectively. The mean annual decrease in the size of the fibroadenomas was 0.340 mm. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that in Japanese women fibroadenomas increase in size more frequently in younger than in older women. Moreover, it is speculated that most fibroadenomas might stop growing when they reach an approximate maximum diameter of 20 mm, after which time they might remain static or regress.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Antipsychotic-induced life-threatening 'esophageal dyskinesia'.

We report two patients with lingual dyskinesia and complaints of food regurgitation following long-term antipsychotic therapy. Esophageal contrast radiography revealed dyskinetic movements extending from the pharynx to the upper portion of the esophagus. The elevation of intraesophageal pressure was confirmed by esophageal manometry. The dyskinetic movements almost disappeared along with improvement of lingual dyskinesia following the administration of sulpiride in one patient. Another patient suddenly died due to asphyxiation of foods before the beginning of treatment. We termed this life-threatening movement, 'esophageal dyskinesia'. It should be emphasized that 'esophageal dyskinesia' associated with lingual dyskinesia is a potentially fatal adverse reaction to antipsychotic therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Regional cerebral blood flow in schizophrenia using stable xenon-enhanced computed tomography.

To investigate the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and the factors affecting the rCBF in schizophrenia, we measured the rCBF using stable xenon-enhanced computed tomography in 118 schizophrenic patients and 21 healthy subjects. A multiple regression analysis was applied to assess the potential affecting factors, i.e. age, gender, duration of illness, dose of antipsychotics and usage of antiparkinsonism and antianxiety drugs. The rCBF of the schizophrenic patients was significantly lower than that of the healthy subjects in all regions except for the occipital region. The rCBF was decreased with increasing age in both groups to the same extent. The dosage of antipsychotic drugs taken had a significant regression relationship with the rCBF in the bilateral thalamus.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

The mechanisms of antitumor effects of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist (buserelin) in 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced rat mammary cancer.

We evaluated the mechanism of antitumor effects of buserelin, which is one of LH-RH agonists, on a hormone dependent breast cancer model, using 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced rat mammary cancer. Rats developing solid mammary tumors within 5-7 weeks following the DMBA administration were divided into groups weekly, and treated without delay. The tumor bearing rats were randomized into five groups with regard to tumor size or average weight (15 rats per group). Each group received one of the following treatments during 4 weeks: a) no treatment (NT); b) ovariectomy (Ovx); c) buserelin; d) Ovx and 17beta-estradiol (E2) (Ovx+E2); e) Ovx+E2+buserelin. Tumor regression immediately began at one week after both buserelin treatment and ovariectomy. A significant reduction of tumor size was observed in both buserelin-treated rats and Ovx rats compared with NT rats (p<0.01). No significant difference of tumor size was observed between buserelin-treated rats and ovariectomized rats. No reduction of tumor size was observed in Ovx+E2 rats and Ovx+E2+buserelin rats. Although the mean uterine wet weight of the buserelin group was significantly higher than that of the Ovx group, it was significantly lower than that of the NT group. The mean uterine wet weight of the NT group, the Ovx+E2 group and the Ovx+E2+buserelin group was similar and was significantly higher than that of the Ovx group. Buserelin did not inhibit exogenous estrogen-dependent tumor growth in DMBA-induced rat mammary cancers. These results suggest that buserelin has no direct effects on DMBA-induced rat mammary cancers, and the main mechanism of action of buserelin for tumor-reduction is due to ovarian estrogen deficiency.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1999

Nocturnal eating/drinking syndrome and neuroleptic-induced restless legs syndrome.

Nocturnal eating/drinking syndrome secondary to neuroleptic-induced restless legs syndrome (RLS) occurred under treatment with low-dose haloperidol in a 51-year-old female schizophrenic patient. Polysomnographic investigation showed a low level of sleep efficacy, periodic leg movements, and a strict relationship between nocturnal eating episodes and non-rapid eye movement sleep. Her nocturnal eating and RLS were completely inhibited by clonazepam treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first published case of nocturnal eating/drinking syndrome secondary to neuroleptic-induced RLS.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed1999

[Mobility in the community-dwelling elderly and its correlates].

OBJECTIVE: To examine mobility level in community-dwelling elderly using a questionnaire of walking ability over a distance of 1 km and its relationship to activities of daily living (ADL) and quality of life (QOL) indices, and to obtain clues to mobility impairment in the elderly. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 3,266 community-dwelling elderly aged 60 to 84 years were interviewed with questionnaires for assessing mobility, ADL and QOL levels. The mobility was assessed by walking ability over a distance of 1 km, and the ADL levels were by conventional basic ADL, comprehensive mobility index and the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence, and the QOL levels were by self-rated health, Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) short-version and Life Satisfaction Index-K (LSIK). They were also asked about diseases for which they regularly consult doctors, and about subjective symptoms. RESULTS: Eighty-seven percent of the subjects responded to the interview, with 86.3% of male responders and 77.6% of female responders answering that they could walk on foot over a distance of 1 km without any difficulty. The percentages of subjects who answered that they could walk but with difficulty or could not walk over a distance of 1 km increased with advancing age. The correlation analysis between 1 km-walking ability and other mobility indices showed that 1 km-walking ability was a better index for identifying a slight to moderate mobility impairment, and that the mobility level was closely associated with daily activity levels in the community-dwelling elderly. The elderly with an impaired mobility had lowered self-rated health, GDS and LSIK scores. After controlling for sex and age, it was shown that prevalences of musculoskeltal (knee arthritis, lower back pain, etc.), cerebrovascular and heart diseases, and complaints of subjective symptoms which were associated with physical frailty, were closely associated with impaired mobility. Hearing and visual disturbances also had a significant relation to a lowered mobility. CONCLUSIONS: Walking ability over a distance of 1 km may be a good index for discriminating differing mobility levels which community-dwelling elderly have intrinsically. The possible etiological factors for a lowered mobility in the elderly include musculoskeletal, cerebrovascular and heart diseases; physical frailty; and hearing and visual disturbances.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1999

[Utility of thin-section/high-pitch helical CT for the assessment of small lung nodules].

To determine the utility of thin-section/high-pitch CT for the assessment of small lung nodules, a lung phantom was scanned on 1 mm width collimation at variable pitches of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0. Images obtained at pitch 3.0 were degraded visually. Secondly a bead phantom was scanned on 1 mm width collimation at pitches of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 3.0. Focus size was determined with a variable setting of small and large. We obtained maximum and full width at half maximum (FWHM) scans and performed a clinical study of small lung nodules on 1 mm width at pitch 2.0 on small focus. Thirdly, we estimated the image quality of 1 mm/2 mm helical scans in comparison with 1 mm/1 mm helical scans. Comparison was made using axial, MPR and 3D-CT (MIP) images. The axial and MIP images were almost equal qualitatively, whereas MPR images were degraded, especially in the near region of the heart and great vessels, due to motion artifacts. We emphasize the utility of 1 mm/2 mm helical CT in scanning a much larger volume with the same breath holding.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Recent progress in akathisia].

Neuroleptic-induced akathisia should be definitely diagnosed as acute, tardive, withdrawal, and chronic. The diagnostic assessment must be identified from the subjective report and objective features. Various assessments of measuring akathisia can be clinically used by instrumental methods and rating scales. The pharmacological basis of neuroleptic-induced akathisia is the inhibition of the dopamine receptors in the brain. The pathogenesis of neuroleptic-induced akathisia may involve GABAergic hypoactivity, noradrenergic hyperactivity, and serotonergic dysfunction in CNS. Iron deficiency and hyperglycemia may be risk factors of neuroleptic induced akathisia in relation to the dopamine function in the brain. Neurological disorders may be associated with the development of a syndrome resembling drug-induced akathisia. The lesion of the thalamic nuclei would originally produce the syndrome. The difference between acute and tardive akathisia on the strategy of the drug treatment should be sufficiently comprehended. In particular, the long-term use of anticholinergic drugs and benzodiazepines should not be prevailed.

Akathisia, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1998

Serum concentration of hepatocyte growth factor in patients with metastatic breast cancer.

The serum concentration of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) was examined in 34 patients with metastatic breast cancer. Although no significant difference was observed between HGF concentration and the site of metastasis, serum HGF levels were slightly higher in patients with liver metastasis and in patients with multiple metastatic sites than in patients with other lesions. Significantly higher levels of serum HGF were observed in patients with progressive metastasis of breast cancer compared with those with stable metastasis. The patients with high HGF levels exhibited a significantly shorter survival rate than those with low HGF levels. Circulating HGF levels may be a useful indicator for the progression of metastatic lesions and the prognosis of patients with metastatic breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Lipopolysaccharide regulates both serotonin- and thrombin-induced intracellular calcium mobilization in rat C6 glioma cells: possible involvement of nitric oxide synthase-mediated pathway.

To investigate the mechanisms by which lipopolysaccharide (LPS) affects Ca2+ signaling systems, we studied the effects of LPS on the serotonin (5-HT)- or thrombin-induced intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) increase in rat C6 glioma cells. Pretreatment of the cells with 1 microg/ml LPS for 24 hr significantly inhibited [Ca2+]i increase induced by 10 microM 5-HT- or 0.5 U/ml thrombin. Its inhibitory effects were both dose- and time-dependent. Treatment with 1 mM dibutyryl cGMP (dbcGMP) for 30 min also significantly inhibited the 5-HT- and thrombin-induced [Ca2+]i increase to approximately 60-70% of control. However, simultaneous pretreatment with LPS and dbcGMP did not show any synergistic inhibition. The simultaneous pretreatment with LPS and the potent cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) inhibitors H-8 and KT5823 for 24 hr significantly antagonized the inhibitory effect of LPS. Pretreatment of the cells with 1 microg/ml LPS for 24 hr significantly enhanced cGMP accumulation, while dexamethasone and NMMA (NOS inhibitors) significantly attenuated the LPS-induced enhancement in cGMP accumulation. In addition, pretreatment of the cells with 100 nM dexamethasone for 24 hr significantly suppressed LPS-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS; type II NOS, NOS-II) protein expression. These results indicate that LPS may inhibit both 5-HT- and thrombin-induced [Ca2+]i increase via iNOS expression and PKG activation pathway in rat C6 glioma cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

A combination chemoendocrine therapy of mitoxantrone, doxifluridine, and medroxyprogesterone acetate for anthracycline-resistant advanced breast cancer.

Between January 1993 and October 1995, 34 patients with anthracycline-resistant advanced breast cancer were treated with a combination chemoendocrine therapy of mitoxantrone (MIT), doxifluridine (5'-DFUR) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA). Of 34 patients, 28 were evaluable for efficacy of this combination therapy, and 30 including 2 for whom data were incomplete were assessed for adverse drug reactions. Adriamycin (ADM) was used for pretreatment in 12 patients, 4'-epi-ADM in 6, and THP-ADM in 12. In the eligible patients, 8.0 mg/m2 MIT was administered intravenously every 4 weeks, and 600 mg MPA and 600 mg 5'-DFUR were given orally every day. The median follow-up period was 25 weeks (range 2-90 weeks). The median cumulative dose of mitoxantrone was 66 mg (range 12-121 mg). Of the 28 patients, 11 (39.3%) responded to this combination therapy. As for response in relation to predominant site of lesion, 1 of 5 soft tissue lesions (20%) and 8 of 12 bone metastases (66.7%) showed a partial response, and one complete response and one partial response (25.0%) were seen in eight lung lesions. None of three pleural lesions responded to this therapy. The median duration of response was 31 +/- weeks (range 12-82 weeks). Adverse drug reactions were controllable or tolerable. Combined chemoendocrine therapy with a low dose of MIT is a well-tolerated and moderately effective regimen for the treatment of anthracycline-resistant advanced breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in unipolar major depression. Short communication.

We investigated plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and cortisol levels in 12 patients with unipolar depression and 11 matched normal controls. The depressed patients showed significantly higher values of plasma DHEAS and cortisol than the controls. After 4 weeks of treatment with antidepressants (mainly clomiplamine), the high plasma DHEAS levels recovered. This finding showed the possible relationship between plasma DHEAS levels and depression, as well as cortisol levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

The 3-year course and outcome of patients with major depression and silent cerebral infarction.

We retrospectively investigated the relationship between major depression and silent cerebral infarction (SCI) over a 3-year period in 64 patients older than 50 years of age with unipolar depression. All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at their first admission for depression and were classified into groups based on the presence or absence of SCI. The number of admissions due to depression was greater in the SCI (+) group (N = 32) than in the SCI (-) group (N = 32) (P < 0.05). The incidences of delirium and neurological disorders were significantly higher in the SCI (+) group than in the SCI (-) group. Our findings suggest that patients with depression and SCI had a higher rate of hospitalization and were more likely to develop psychiatric and neurological disorders than patients with depression without SCI.

Age of Onset↗
PubMed1998

Differential regulation by pregnenolone sulfate of intracellular Ca2+ increase by amino acids in primary cultured rat cortical neurons.

We investigated the effects of pregnenolone sulfate (PS) on the [Ca2+]i increase induced by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) using fluorescence imaging. PS inhibited the 50 microM GABA-induced increase in [Ca2+]i in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 of 30 microM. The inhibitory effect of PS was apparent within 5 min and was in a non-competitive manner, suggesting that PS may act directly to the membrane level but indirectly to the GABA binding sites. Our previous study has already shown that the GABA-induced Ca2+ increase involves GABAA receptors and the similar pathway to a high K(+)-induced Ca2+ response (Takebayashi et al., 1996). Because 50 microM of PS could not inhibit a 25 mM K(+)-induced Ca2+ increase, it seems likely that the site of the inhibitory action of PS on the GABA-induced Ca2+ increase may be independent of the pathway of the high K(+)-induced Ca2+ response, but rather at GABAA receptor complex. In contrast, PS potentiated the 50 microM NMDA-induced increase in [Ca2+]i in a dose-dependent manner. The magnitude of the NMDA response was approximately doubled in the presence of 100 microM of PS. However, PS did not affect the acetylcholine(Ach)-induced increase in [Ca2+]i. Furthermore, corticosterone had little effect on the GABA- and NMDA-induced Ca2+ increases, indicating that the alteration of the Ca2+ response is specific for PS. In conclusion, it is suggested that PS modulates differentially [Ca2+]i increase induced by GABA and NMDA.

Acetylcholine↗