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Biomedical subjects

J Hoffmann

Publications and source records attributed to J Hoffmann.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[A prospective controlled study of vagotomy in the treatment of duodenal ulcer. Results after 11-15 years].

A prospective, randomized, controlled trial was conducted to compare truncal vagotomy and drainage (TV), selective vagotomy and drainage (SV) and parietal cell vagotomy (PCV) as elective treatment for duodenal ulcer. Between 11 and 15 years post-operatively, 248 patients were available for study of the recurrent ulceration rate by a life table method and 197 patients could be studied with regard to post-vagotomy symptoms. The recurrent ulcer rates were TV 28.5%, SV 37.4% and PCV 39.3%. These differences were not statistically significant. There was no significant difference in the Visick gradings among the three groups either before or after treatment of the failures. About two-thirds of the patients in each group were finally satisfied with their operation, often after second operations or prolonged medical treatment.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1989

Aids in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis.

Methods used to improve the accuracy of diagnosis of acute appendicitis are reviewed. Laparoscopy, barium enema, ultrasonography and computer assistance have all been shown to improve accuracy, but no one method is of proven superiority. Such diagnostic aids or intensive in-hospital observation must be used to reduce the 15-30 per cent negative laparotomy rate when acute appendicitis is suspected, without increasing the incidence of appendiceal perforation.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

Reversible desensitization of calcitonin secretion by repetitive stimulation with calcium.

The extracellular ionized calcium concentration (Ca2+) is a main regulator of calcitonin (CT) release. Calcium-induced CT secretion differs for acute versus long-term alterations of Ca2+. Using the rat C cell line rMTC 6-23 we have investigated the effect of repetitive stimulation by Ca2+ on CT release. After a Ca-induced initial rise of CT secretion, repetitive Ca stimulation led to a decline of CT release to unstimulated levels (after about 4 h). Reversing the high Ca2+ concentration (2.0 mM) to basal (1.1 mM) for 2 h and then increasing Ca2+ again resulted in a restored stimulatory action of Ca2+ (about 100% increase above the control). In contrast, repetitive stimulation with the dihydropyridine Ca channel agonist Bay K-8644 showed an unchanged stimulatory effect, as observed for the cAMP analog 8-bromo-cAMP, too. The results indicate that the reversible desensitization of Ca-induced CT secretion might be due to a modification of the voltage-dependent Ca channels proximal to or at the site of Bay K-8644 action.

3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethy↗
PubMed1989

Insect immunity: isolation from immune blood of the dipteran Phormia terranovae of two insect antibacterial peptides with sequence homology to rabbit lung macrophage bactericidal peptides.

We have isolated from the hemolymph of immunized larvae of the dipteran insect Phormia terranovae two peptides that are selectively active against Gram-positive bacteria. They are positively charged peptides of 40 residues containing three intramolecular disulfide bridges and differ from one another by only a single amino acid. These peptides are neither functionally nor structurally related to any known insect immune response peptides but show significant homology to microbicidal cationic peptides from mammalian granulocytes (defensins). We propose the name "insect defensins" for these insect antibiotic peptides.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Prospective controlled vagotomy trial for duodenal ulcer. Results after 11-15 years.

A prospective, randomized, controlled trial was conducted to compare truncal vagotomy and drainage (TV), selective vagotomy and drainage (SV) and parietal cell vagotomy (PCV) as elective treatment for duodenal ulcer. Between 11 and 15 years after operation, 248 patients were available for study of the recurrent ulceration rate by a life table method, and 197 patients could be studied with regard to postvagotomy symptoms. The recurrent ulcer rates were 28.5% for TV, 37.4% for SV, and 39.3% for PCV. These differences were not statistically significant. The incidence of severe postvagotomy symptoms was as follows: dyspepsia, 18.4% for TV, 20.5% for SV, 8.6% for PCV; dumping, 5.9% for TV, 19.6% for SV, 2.2% for PCV; diarrhea, 9.8% for TV, 11.8% for SV, 4.4% for PCV. The incidence of severe dumping was significantly less frequent among the PCV patients than the SV group. The differences did not reach statistical significance in any of the other groups. There was no significant difference in the Visick gradings among the three groups either before or after treatment of the failures. About two thirds of the patients in each group were finally satisfied with their operation, often after second operations or prolonged medical treatment. It is concluded that none of the three forms of vagotomy can be recommended as the standard operative treatment of duodenal ulceration.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1988

Peritoneal lavage in the diagnosis of acute peritonitis.

The study was aimed at determining the value of peritoneal lavage as an aid in the diagnosis of acute peritonitis when the diagnosis could not be made by ordinary clinical criteria. Thirty patients were studied prospectively. Twenty-five of the patients were suspected of having peritonitis but doubt existed because of an unreliable history or equivocal or confusing abdominal signs. Five remaining patients were comatose and an intraabdominal source of sepsis needed to be excluded. The technique of lavage and criteria for diagnosis have been presented herein. There were 10 true-positive results, no false-positive results, 19 true-negative results, and one false-negative result (positive predictive value 100 percent, confidence level 95 percent). There were no complications due to the test. Peritoneal lavage is a useful method of diagnosing or excluding peritonitis in patients with confusing abdominal signs. Negative results of laparotomy or prolonged observation may thus be obviated in such patients.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Prospective 14- to 18-year follow-up study after parietal cell vagotomy.

One hundred and thirty-five patients underwent elective parietal cell vagotomy for duodenal, pyloric or prepyloric ulcers. The patients were followed prospectively at intervals of 1-3 years in order to detect postvagotomy symptoms and recurrent ulcers; 14-18 years after surgery 106 patients were studied with regard to recurrent ulceration and 84 concerning postvagotomy symptoms. Thirty-two patients (30 per cent) had developed proven recurrent ulcers and a further 9 per cent were suspected of having recurrences. Two patients were reoperated for gastric outlet obstruction and one for bile reflux gastritis. Four patients had severe dyspeptic symptoms and four severe dyspepsia plus dumping. No patient had severe diarrhoea. Forty-three patients were regarded as failures after parietal cell vagotomy. After treatment of these failures 88 per cent of the patients available for subsequent follow-up had satisfactory results. The alternatives to parietal cell vagotomy are discussed. It is concluded that although parietal cell vagotomy has a high long-term recurrence rate, this disadvantage is outweighed by the low incidence severe postvagotomy symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Quantitative evaluation of optical reflection spectra of blood-free perfused guinea pig brain using a nonlinear multicomponent analysis.

After developing a blood-free perfused preparation of the guinea pig brain a nonlinear multicomponent analysis (NLMCA) of the reflection spectra of the brain surface was worked out by which the redox state of cytochrome aa3, c, and b could be evaluated quantitatively and almost continuously. The NLMCA allowed to simulate the tissue reflection spectra in such a way that only a small statistical error remained between the recorded and the computed spectra. Using redox states of cytochrome aa3 and c as an intracellular oxygen probe it was found that in order to supply the guinea brain with sufficient oxygen by a saline medium equilibrated with 95% oxygen and 5% CO2 the temperature had to be reduced to 18-20 degrees C. At this temperature cytochrome aa3 was 95% oxidized.

Animals↗