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Biomedical subjects

J Hazard

Publications and source records attributed to J Hazard.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[The antiestrogen effect].

The effects of estradiol, which are requisite for the normal occurrence of events related to reproduction, are not restricted to that field. They play a part in the overall trophicity of the female organism. On the other hand, relative or absolute estrogen hyperactivity results in harmful clinical effects and in disastrous cellular consequences, i.e. initiation or promotion of genital carcinomas. After a review of the different steps of the synthesis and action of estradiol, the various compounds that are active on these steps are considered: antigonadotropes (norsteroid progestogens, androgens, danazol, prolactin, corticosteroids, LHRH), inhibitors of estrogen synthesis (aminogluthetimide and testolactone), compounds that increase catabolism (progestogens), and antagonists of the cellular effect of estradiol (tamoxifen, nafoxidin, clomifen, progesterone, progestogens and androgens). The putative or established site of action and the main aspects of therapeutic use are given for each substance.

Aminoglutethimide↗
PubMed1981

[Hormonal regulation of the menstrual cycle (author's transl)].

The menstrual cycle is regulated by a complex hormonal system with positive and negative feedback mechanisms and changes in sensitivity of peripheral tissues. Four concepts appear to be fundamental: -- regular, pulsatile secretion of LHR is necessary to the functioning of the system; -- regulation is to a great extent effected by the pituitary gland in response to changes in ovarian steroid levels; -- changes in ovarian steroid levels are due to regulatory changes in receptivity to pituitary hormones, as well as to variations in enzyme activities; -- at the periphery, changes in hormonal impacts are accompanied by modifications of receptivity to steroid hormones.

Estrogens↗
PubMed1980

[Value of high dosage propranolol and per-operative hypothermia in thyroidectomy when conventional preparatory treatment is unsuitable (author's transl)].

Five hyperthyroid patients could be prepared for surgery wit propranolol alone in daily doses of 240 to 400 mg. The drug administered for 3 to 5 days before, and 5 to 15 days after the operation. Following premedication with levopromazine, almost total thyroidectomy was performed under neuroleptanalgesia and moderate hypothermia. The immediate results were satisfactory and free from acute thyrotoxic crisis. On follow-up, 2 to 18 months after surgery 4 patients had clinically and biologically normal thyroid function, and one patient showed evidence of hypothyroidism. For the common forms of the disease the authors use the conventional preparatory treatment. However, they favour a short course of propranolol in high doses either when non-thyroid emergency operations require preliminary treatment of the patient's hyperthyroidism, or when the conventional treatment is ineffective or contra-indicated on account of haematological complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Hyperandrogenism due to adrenal enzyme deficiency: possibility of pregnancy. Five cases (author's transl)].

Five women suffering from hyperandrogenism due to adrenal enzyme deficiency, with various clinical symptoms and discovered at a more or less early stage, had a total of 7 pregnancies. 21-hydroxylase was deficient in three, and 11-beta-hydroxylase in two women. The pregnancies occured 6 months to 10 years after corticosteroid treatment was started in four cases, and after it was discontinued in a case of partial deficiency in 11-beta-hydroxylase. Four women delivered on term, two of them normally and two by caesarean section. The fifth woman delivered prematurely on the 33rd week. Two pregnancies were interrupted either spontaneously or voluntarily. None of the newborn babies (three girls and two boys) showed any abnormality. With the exception of the premature girl, their weight was normal. The oldest of the girls had a normal puberty at the age of thirteen.

Adrenal Gland Diseases↗
PubMed1979

[Thyroid nodule secondary to subacute thyroiditis. 8 cases (author's transl)].

This description of 8 cases of thyroid nodules secondary to subacute thyroiditis serves to emphasise the relative prevalence of the circumscribed forms. These nodules, variable in size, firm and painful, developed after a period of cervical discomfort and pain. A contrast between a raised or normal blood hormone level and a very low uptake of I131 was found in five cases. It was all the more valuable when there was no iodine overload. Scintigraphy showed the nodule to be cold in 6 cases, isofixing in one and hot in one case. An essential diagnostic criterion is the rapidly favourable course: 4 nodules disappeared completely, 3 regressed in less than 6 months and one persisted, justifying excision with histopathological examination since localised thyroiditis of this type may be the presenting feature of a carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Primary empty sella associated with peripheral endocrine deficiency: two cases (author's transl)].

The radiological finding of a large sella turcica in long standing peripheral endocrine insufficiency (adrenocortical in one case, thyroid in the other) and the persistence of plasma ACTH and TSH levels above normal despite hormone therapy was first attributed to the consequences of reactive hypersecretion of the corresponding stimulin. The results of scanner studies in one case, and of pathological examination in the other, revealed the presence of primary empty sella syndrom.

Addison Disease↗
PubMed1979

[Thyroid hemiagenesis (single thyroid lobe). 8 cases (author's transl)].

Thyroid agenesis would appear to be a rare abnormality (50 cases, including 8 personal). In fact, it is a simple anatomical curiosity which may be found in the presence of any type of thyroid condition (simple goitre: 4 cases, thyrotoxicosis: 2 cases, cold nodule: 2 cases, as far as our own patients were concerned). Our 8 patients were all women, hemiagenesis being more commonly discovered in the female sex. In 2 patients the right lobe was absent, and the left in the other 6. In general, the abnormality affects the left lobe three times more commonly than the right. The differential diagnosis essentially lies with autonomic thyroid nodules, which are much more common, and isotope scanning provides the answer.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1979

[Foot lesions in non-insulin-dependent diabetes. A report on 25 cases (author's transl)].

Diabetic lesions in 25 patients with maturity-onset non-insulin-dependent diabetes, but with neuropathy and even other complications in spite of previous treatment, were studied. Distribution according to the duration of the diabetes and the age of the patients was comparable to that seen in insulin-dependent diabetes. The most frequent lesions are osteoporosis of the metaphysial line, interphalangeal arthrosis, and hallux valgus. A total of 7 perforating plantar ulcers were noted, and the physiopathology was similar to that described in insulin-dependent diabetes. Lowered insulin levels and the neuropathy which this produres are the major etiological factors, but foot deformities such as talipes equinus and/or flat-feet play a determining role. Treatment consists of insulin administration and avoidance of plantar pressure at the site of the lesions.

Adult↗