The development of a murine model for the study of human pregnancy zone protein (PZP, alpha 2-PAG) and pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP-1, PS beta G).
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
J Hau
Publications and source records attributed to J Hau.
Immunohistochemical demonstration of human and murine pregnancy-associated serum proteins in maternal and placental tissue.
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Animals↗
Eggs: conveniently packaged antibodies. Methods for purification of yolk IgG.
Eggs from immunized chickens may provide a convenient and inexpensive source of antibodies. We describe two simple and efficient methods for purification of IgG from yolk. The antibody is rendered useful for most currently employed immunological techniques. Amounts of antibody corresponding to almost half a litre of antiserum may be recovered from a chicken in one month.
Animals↗
Comparison of pregnancy-associated murine protein-1 and human pregnancy zone protein.
Immunological cross-reaction between human pregnancy zone protein (PZP, SP-3, alpha 2-PAG) and pregnancy-associated murine protein-1 (PAMP-1) was demonstrated by countercurrent line immunoelectrophoresis using antibodies against the proteins raised in hens. The levels of PZP and PAMP-1 were measured during pregnancy and found to be very similar in the first half of pregnancy. Both proteins were found to be heterogeneous and separable according to surface properties. It is suggested that the murine PAMP-1 can be used to study the physiology of human PZP.
Animals↗
Pregnancy-associated murine protein 3 (pamp-3): characterization and serum levels.
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Amniotic Fluid↗
Correlation between fetal weight and maternal serum levels of murine alpha-fetoprotein and quantitation of four molecular forms.
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Animals↗
Immunochemical characterization and serum concentrations of pregnancy-associated serum proteins in mice.
The glycoprotein structure of two pregnancy-associated murine proteins, alpha 1-PAMP and alpha 2-PAMP, was analysed by using concanavalin A (Con A) affinity electrophoresis: alpha 1-PAMP was completely precipitated by free Con A, whereas alpha 2-PAMP showed heterogeneity. The isoelectric points of alpha 1-PAMP and alpha 2-PAMP were determined at 4.2 and 4.0 respectively by using crossed immunoelectrofocusing. The alpha 2-PAMP was detectable only in the serum of pregnant mice and fetuses. Maternal serum concentrations increased from Day 8 of pregnancy, remained at high values between Days 14 and 18, and could not be detected by 2 days post partum.
Amniotic Fluid↗
Comparison of the pregnancy-associated murine protein-2 and human pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein.
Immunological cross-reaction between human pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP-1) and pregnancy-associated murine protein-2 (alpha 2-PAMP, PAMP-2) was demonstrated by line immunoelectrophoresis using antibodies against the proteins raised in hens. The pattern of change of PAMP-2 and SP-1 values in serum during pregnancy was very similar. The murine placental growth-rate corresponded to PAMP-2 levels in maternal serum during pregnancy, indicating placental origin. We suggest that the mouse and its PAMP-2 can be used to study human SP-1.
Animals↗
Demonstration of an analogue to human pregnancy zone protein in the African green monkey.
A serum protein in the grivet (Cercopithecus aethiops), immunologically cross-reacting with human pregnancy zone protein (PZP), is found in males as well as in nonpregnant females. The electrophoretic mobility, antigenic cross-reactivity, molecular weight, and carbohydrate structure appear analogous to PZP; however, contrary to the situation in man, exogenous estrogens cause a fall in serum concentration of the protein.
Animals↗
Studies of pregnancy-associated murine serum proteins.
A pregnancy-associated murine protein (PAMP) with alpha1 electrophoretic mobility and an estimated molecular weight of 140,000 was present in serum from pregnant and sexually mature non-pregnant females, but could not be detected in the serum of males. During pregnancy the serum concentration of alpha1-PAMP rose to a maximum in mid-pregnancy followed by a decline to preconception levels before parturition; the protein was also present in fetal and neonatal serum and in amniotic fluid at low concentrations.
Animals↗
Examination of placental proteins in charge-shift immunoelectrophoresis.
Three pregnancy-associated proteins, pregnancy-specific beta1-glycoprotein (SP-I), pregnancy-associated plasma protein A(PAPP-A), and placental lactogen (hPL) were examined by charge-shift immunoelectrophoresis. PAPP-A and hPL exhibited hydrophilic properties whereas SP-I was amphiphilic. These observations suggest that SP-I is a cell membrane protein.
Detergents↗
Specific and reversible interaction between pregnancy-associated plasma protein A and heparin.
An interaction between heparin and circulating pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) has been observed. This interaction could be reversed by the addition of the specific heparin antagonist protamine sulphate. In the presence of heparin, crossed immunoelectrophoretic analysis revealed an alteration in the electrophoretic mobility of PAPP-A, while a significant increase (22 to 64 per cent, P less than 0.02) in measured levels of PAPP-A was seen in electroimmunoassays. These findings are discussed in relation to the optimal conditions for the precise measurement of PAPP-A.
Anticoagulants↗
The effect on pregnancy of treatment with antibodies against pregnancy-associated murine protein I (PAMP-I) in inbred and outbred mice.
Intravenous injection of small amounts of monospecific rabbit IgG against pregnancy-associated murine protein I (PAMP-I) induced abortion in mice where there was a histocompatibility difference between mother and fetuses. No abortion could be induced in inbred mice by a similar treatment. The maternal serum level was found to be higher in inbred than in outbred mice. The abortive dose of antibodies did not influence the serum levels of PAMP-I. Histological examination of uterine, placental and liver tissue showed only morphological changes in the placental tissue of mice which aborted due to the treatment with anti-PAMP-I antibodies.
Abortion, Spontaneous↗
An animal model for the study of the function of pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein and pregnancy zone protein: a review.
Two pregnancy-associated murine proteins, PAMP-1 and PAMP-2, have been found to be immunologically cross-reacting analogues to the human proteins pregnancy zone protein (PZP) and pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP-1), respectively. In this study, the physiochemical and biological properties of the proteins are compared and the effect on pregnancy of administration of monospecific antibodies against the proteins is reported.
Abortion, Induced↗
Indirect immunofluorescence staining and crossed immunoelectrophoresis for differentiation of Candida albicans and Geotrichum candidum.
Rabbit hyperimmune antisera were used for differential diagnosis of Candida albicans and Geotrichum candidum in murine and bovine tissues by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) staining. Although the antisera did not detect common antigens by crossed immunoelectrophoresis (XIE) a marked cross-reactivity of fungal cells was observed in the IIF assay. Following liquid phase absorption with heterologous antigenic preparations the hyperimmune antisera were rendered specific for each species thus making possible an unequivocal differentiation of the two species.
Animals↗
Peripheral blood lymphocyte immunocompetence in wild African green monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) and the effects of capture and confinement.
Capture and prolonged confinement of wild African green monkeys (AGM, C. aethiops) in single housing have been shown to result in high morbidity and mortality. The present study was designed to analyse immune modulation associated with these procedures in AGMs. Four wild resting AGMs were stunned with a rifle shot as controls (group I). Seven newly captured monkeys (group II) and seven laboratory conditioned monkeys (group III) housed singly were anaesthetised with ketamine hydrochloride on day 18 and 45, and 180 and 210 post-capture, respectively. Heparinized blood (10 ml) was drawn from each animal and lymphocytes were cultured in six wells per sample. A triplicate subset was stimulated with 10 microliters Concanavalin A for 48 hours. The cells were pulsed with tritiated thymidine and harvested on filter discs 18 hours later. Lymphocyte stimulation indices (stimulated cell count-unstimulated cell count) were 3598 in group I. 3843 and 4395 in group II and 2809 and 2196 in group III, respectively. This indicates that AGMs confined to single housing for a prolonged period exhibit immune suppression. The results confirm our previous findings that the AGM is more susceptible to stress associated with immune suppression and subsequent high frequency of infectious diseases than other East African nonhuman primates confined to laboratory housing.
Animals↗
Freund's complete adjuvant has a negative impact on egg laying frequency in immunised chickens.
The immunisation of chickens with Freund's Complete Adjuvant (FCA) significantly reduces the egg-laying frequency in comparison to the use of Freund's Incomplete Adjuvant and Hunter's TiterMax. Although FCA results in higher titers of immunospecific antibody in the egg yolk this is counter-balanced by the reduction in number of eggs produced by the chicken. There is consequently no reason to use FCA in chickens when the egg yolk is used as the antibody source.
Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
Development of a saliva sampling method and a rocket immunoelectrophoretic assay for quantification of salivary IgA in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus).
There has long been the requirement for a marker of well being and chronic stress that is, itself, unaffected by the transient stressors associated with sampling. Work done in the human, the rat and the dog suggests that salivary IgA may fulfil these criteria. This is the first report on the establishment of a saliva sampling technique and immunoelectrophoretic assay for quantification of secretory Immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus). A safe and effective sampling method is described, as well as a detailed description of an accurate rocket immunoelectrophoretic assay developed for this study. Preliminary results demonstrate a large intra-individual variation, as well as inter-individual variation in s-IgA levels between successive days. This indicates that if stress is associated with decreased s-IgA levels in the squirrel monkey, the usefulness of s-IgA as a stress marker may be limited because analyses of large numbers of samples may be necessary in order to obtain significance.
Animals↗