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Biomedical subjects

J Hansky

Publications and source records attributed to J Hansky.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Effects of Ostertagia circumcincta infections on plasma gastrin in sheep.

Radio-immunoassay of plasma gastrin showed that hypergastrinaemia developed in sheep during experimental infections with Ostertagia circumcincta. Elevations of plasma gastrin occurred within 8 days of the first dose of infective larvae, with the most marked increase being after 11-20 days when adult worms would be expected to be present in the abomasum. Increases of plasma gastrin levels from 69.0 +/- 7.6, 28.7 +/- 5.3, 48.7 +/- 5.9 and 60.6 +/- 9.4 pg/ml before infection to maxima of 650, 230, 900 and 750 pg/ml respectively were recorded in 4 sheep infected for the first time. In 2 others which had been previously infected and then treated with anthelmintic, plasma gastrin rose from 16.0 +/- 4.0 and 377 +/- 87 pg/ml to maxima of 260 and 900 pg/ml at 24 and 29 days after re-infection, respectively. The cause of hypergastrinaemia has not been established. The elevation of abomasal pH which occurs in ostertagiasis may result in increased gastrin levels but is thought not to be the only cause since plasma gastrin increased before the abomasal pH rose and developed in sheep infected for a second time although their abomasal contents remained at pH 4.0 or lower. The presence of the parasite is critical for development of hypergastrinaemia as shown by return of the gastrin level to normal following therapy with an anthelmintic. It was shown that the parasites do not depend on the hypergastrinaemia since O. circumcincta became established in antrectomized sheep in which hypergastrinaemia did not develop.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Secretin stimulated pancreatic polypeptide: a test for chronic pancreatitis.

The level of serum pancreatic polypeptide (PP) in response to intravenous Boots secretin has been measured by radioimmunoassay in 50 patients with documented chronic pancreatitis and 33 controls with no evidence of pancreatitis. Both groups showed significant increases in serum PP but patients with chronic pancreatitis had a significantly smaller response than controls. An abnormal PP response to Boots secretin has been defined as a peak/basal ratio of less than five. Using this criterion. 90% of patients with chronic pancreatitis had a ratio of less than 5, whereas 91% of controls had a ratio of 5 or greater. There was a 92% correlation between a normal or abnormal pancreatic bicarbonate concentration and a normal or abnormal peak/basal PP ratio in response to Boots secretin. These results suggest that the serum PP response to Boots secretin may provide a simple, inexpensive and noninvasive method of accurately diagnosing chronic pancreatitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Influence of smoking on healing rate of duodenal ulcer in response to cimetidine or high-dose antacid.

Fifty consecutive patients with symptomatic endoscopically proven duodenal ulcer were randomized double-blind to Mylanta II or cimetidine treatment schedules. Smoking habits were noted, but patients were not advised to alter these. Healing was determined by reendoscopy at 6 wk. Eighty percent of patients on active cimetidine and 52% on active Mylanta II had healed at 6 wk (not significantly); 85% of nonsmokers healed compared to 44% of smokers (p less than 0.03). In smokers, cimetidine achieved healing in 50%, Mylanta II in 39% (not significantly); while in nonsmokers, cimetidine achieved healing in 100%, Mylanta II in 67% (not significantly). These results indicate a significant and equally adverse effect of smoking on the healing rate of duodenal ulcer achieved by either cimetidine or Mylanta II.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Observations on plasma gastrin and plasma pepsinogen in relation to weaning and gastric (pars oesophagea) ulceration in pigs.

Plasma gastrin and pepsinogen were measured at weekly intervals in 38 pigs from weaning at about four weeks of age until slaughter at 24 weeks. Plasma gastrin was 104 +/- 6.2, 85 +/- 11.2, 126 +/- 11.67 mol per litre in the pigs aged four, five and six weeks and 43 +/- 2.57, 31 +/- 2.29, 17 +/- 0.87 mol per litre when they were 21, 22 and 23 weeks old. Sixteen of the pigs had apparently normal stomachs, the remainder had some degree of epithelial hyperplasia and, or, ulceration of the pars oesophagea of the stomach. No differences were detected between plasma gastrin and plasma pepsinogen in pigs with normal stomachs and those showing evidence of epithelial hyperplasia or ulceration of the pars oesophagea. If ulcers of this region arise from hypersecretion of gastric acid some factor(s) other than gastrin appear to be involved. The possibility is discussed that the progressive decline in plasma gastrin is part of the maturation process.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Changes in plasma pancreatic polypeptide and gastrin in sows after eating and atropine.

Changes in plasma gastrin, pancreatic polypeptide and pulse rate were examined in three adult female pigs in which venous cannulae had been placed and in two of which arterial cannulae allowed sampling of arterial blood or recording of pulse rate. Gastrin, pancreatic polypeptide and pulse rate increased when the pigs ate after fasting overnight. Pancreatic polypeptide was reduced to or below resting levels following administration of atropine (25, 50 or 100 micrograms/kg intravenously) after which gastrin remained at about its previous levels or rose and pulse rates rose. It is concluded that in the pig, as in other species, there is a cholinergic muscarinic (atropine sensitive) mechanism contributing both to postprandial increases of pancreatic polypeptide and of gastrin.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Relapse rate of duodenal ulcer after cessation of long-term cimetidine treatment: a double-blind controlled study.

Patients with a healed duodenal ulcer and who were symptom-free following 12 months of maintenance treatment with cimetidine 400 mg twice daily were randomized double-blind to a further 6 months therapy with either cimetidine 400 mg twice daily or placebo 2 tablets twice daily. Twenty-six patients received placebo and 15 patients cimetidine. Relapse was defined as symptoms for 3 out of 7 consecutive days and ulcer recurrence was confirmed by independent endoscopy. One of 15 patients on cimetidine relapsed: 20 of 26 patients on placebo relapsed. This relapse rate (77%) is similar to that found in previous studies after only 6 weeks cimetidine therapy (71%). This study suggests that 12 months cimetidine does not change the tendency of duodenal ulcer to recur and that the relapse rate is no greater than after 6 weeks cimetidine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Pancreatic polypeptide. Release following surgery for duodenal ulcer disease.

The pancreatic polypeptide (PP) response to food has been measured by radioimmunoassay in patients with duodenal ulcer and 3 months following proximal gastric vagotomy (PGV), 18 and 49 months following truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty (TV), 35 months following Billroth II gastrectomy (BII), and 35 months following truncal vagotomy and antrectomy (TV&A). Basal PP levels and those in response to food were similar in DU and PGV, but these values were significantly higher than those 18 months or 49 months after TV, or after BII and TV&A. The responses in the latter four groups were similar and in particular, the levels 18 and 49 months after TV were the same. These results indicate that the release of PP by food in unoperated patients consists of two phases, a primary phase which requires both intact vagi and an intact stomach and a secondary phase which also depends on vagal innervation and normal gastric anatomy. Disturbances in vagal innervation or gastric integrity lead to profound changes in PP release which may be due to interruption of neural arcs or loss of gastric hormones. Unlike others, we have been unable to document a return of PP secretion towards normality with time after TV.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The management of bleeding gastric ulcer: a prospective study.

In a prospective study of six years' experience with a haematemesis and melaena unit from 1972 to 1978, there were 98 admissions of patients with bleeding gastric ulcer. There were ten deaths, giving a mortality of 11%. Forty-one patients were treated by emergency surgery with seven deaths, an operative mortality of 17%. All ten deaths occurred in the first four years; there were no deaths during the final two-year period (38 admissions). In retrospective studies at Prince Henry's Hospital, Melbourne, it was found that the mortality for bleeding gastric ulcer was 17% to 18% for the period 1951 to 1970. It is concluded that a prospective system of management with an active policy of early endoscopy and surgery and regular audit of results reduces the mortality from bleeding gastric ulcer.

Female↗
PubMed1980

Acute gastric ulceration--a prospective study of incidence and results of management.

During a prospective six year study from 1972-1978 there were 894 admissions to a haematemesis and melaena unit. In 162 admissions bleeding was due to acute gastric ulceration, an incidence of 18%. The group comprised 157 patients, five patients being admitted on two occasions. There were 12 deaths (7%), seven after surgery and five in conservatively treated patients. A significant fall in incidence of admissions was noted in the final two year period of study. The reason for this is unknown as no other cause of haematemesis and melaena showed a similar fall in incidence. In addition over this two year period patients with acute ulceration followed a more benign course and required surgery less often.

Australia↗
PubMed1980

Serum gastrin in newborn, sucking and weaned pigs.

Serum gastrin concentrations during the first six weeks of life in pigs reared on sow's milk alone were compared with those in pigs given access to solid food at two weeks and weaned at three weeks of age. Gastrin levels were higher in both parturient sows and newborn unsuckled pigs than in dry sows. It appears that the newborn pig is capable of secreting its own gastrin. High levels of gastrin persisted throughout the experimental period, being particularly high in the first two weeks of life. In weaned pigs, feeding after a period of fasting evoked a greater postprandial gastrin response than that which occurred in unweaned pigs after sucking from the sow. The results suggest a possible role for gastrin in early gastric development.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1979

Mortality in patients with haematemesis and melaena: a prospective study.

In a prospective study of death in 817 patients with haematemesis and melaena admitted on 894 occasions, the protocol included admission of all patients to a defined unit, early endoscopy and resuscitation, and planned management. Over the three consecutive two-year periods of the study mortality significantly decreased from 9% to 2.4%. Although the operative rate remained the same, the operative mortality fell from 16% to 1.6%. The fall in mortality was greatest in patients with bleeding gastric ulcers. These results suggest that prospective studies with a defined policy can influence the mortality in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Bleeding duodenal ulcer: reduction in mortality with a planned approach.

In a 6-year prospective study from 1972 to 1978 266 patients were admitted to a haematemesis and melaena unit with bleeding duodenal ulcer. There were 13 deaths, a mortality of 5 per cent. A comparison between the three consecutive 2-year periods of study showed an initial mortality of 6 per cent for the first 4 years falling to 2 per cent for the 93 admissions during the final 2 years of experience. Of the 120 patients treated surgically, 10 died in hospital, giving an operative mortality of 8 per cent. The trend in operative mortality was from 13 per cent for the initial 2-year period to 8 per cent for the second period and to 3 per cent for the final 2 years. The operative rate was consecutively 45, 50 and 34 per cent. There was 1 death in conservatively treated patients during each 2-year period of study. Three types of operation were performed: vagotomy, pyloroplasty and oversewing of the ulcer; Polya gastrectomy; and vagotomy and antrectomy. There was no difference in morbidity and mortality between these operations. At a mean follow-up of 3.1 years, 90 per cent of the patients had a good result from their operation. It is concluded that a prospective system of management with an active policy of early endoscopy, surgery and regular audit reduces the mortality from bleeding duodenal ulcer.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Long-term cimetidine in duodenal ulcer disease.

Forty patients with chronic duodenal ulcer who had healed endoscopically with a 6-week course of cimetidine were randomized double blind to 1 year of either placebo or cimetidine tablets 400 mg bid (20 patients in each group). Patients were seen at monthly intervals, and endoscopy was performed at clinical relapse or on completion of 1 year. One of 20 patients on active cimetidine relapsed clinically and endoscopically at 3 months; 16 of 20 patients on placebo relapsed clinically and endoscopically within 9 months, the majority within 3 months, and 2 were shown to have asymptomatic chronic ulcers at routine 12-month endoscopy. None of the 19 patients on active cimetidine routinely endoscoped at 12 months showed evidence of ulceration. This study confirms a high relapse rate when short-term cimetidine is ceased and indicates that maintenance treatment with cimetidine prevents relapse.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1979

Effects of long-term cimetidine on serum gastrin in duodenal ulcer.

Basal and food-stimulated gastrin were measured in 16 patients with duodenal ulcer before and during long-term maintenance therapy with 400 mg cimetidine twice daily. Basal gastrin (mean +/- SE) rose significantly from 27.5 +/- 3.1 pmol/liter precimetidine to 32.8 +/- 2.1, 37.2 +/- 2.6, and 38.5 +/- 3.3 pmol/liter at 1, 3, and 6 months, respectively. The total integrated gastrin response to a protein meal was 1.67 +/- 0.18 nmol/liter/120 min pre-, and 2.54 +/- 0.35, 3.29 +/- 0.3, and 4.36 +/- 0.4 nmol/liter/120 min at 1, 3, and 6 months, respectively. These increases were significantly higher at each time period. This study has thus demonstrated a progressive increase in both basal and food-stimulated gastrin during cimetidine therapy, and this increase could theoretically lead to an increase in gastric acid secretion following cessation of cimetidine.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Radioimmunoassay of secretin in serum.

A radioimmunoassay for the measurement of immunoreactive secretin has been developed. The assay is specific and sensitive so that 2.8 fmol/ml can be measured. Basal secretin levels in man are generally undetectable and a protein-rich meal does not elicit a secretin response. However, the intraduodenal instillation of HCl leads to a prompt rise in circulating immunoreactive secretin and exogenous secretin administered intravenously is easily and accurately measured.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Cholecystokinin-like peptides in brain and intestine of obese-hyperglycaemic mice.

Cholecystokinin-(CCK) like peptides have been measured in the brain and small intestine of ob/ob hyperglycaemic mice and lean littermates. CCK-like peptides were measured by radioimmunoassay employing an antiserum to CCK octapeptide (CCK 8) and gastrin 17 I125 label. Although this antiserum detects gastrin with equal affinity to CCK, concomitant assay of tissue extracts with a gastrin specific antibody failed to reveal any detectable gastrin. Extracts of brain and small intestine showed levels of CCK of 96 +/- 12.6 pmol g-1 and 45 +/- 6.1 pmol g-1 in the obese mice; 101 +/- 8.7 pmol g-1 and 36 +/- 2.5 pmol g-1 in the lean mice. These were not significantly different. It has been suggested that CCK may be a satiety factor and it has been reported that there is less CCK in brain of obese mice compared with lean mice. This study has failed to confirm the previous finding and indicates that, in this animal model, tissue levels of CCK probably do not modulate appetite.

Animals↗